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Showing 2351 - 2400Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
On May 20, 2021, nivolumab was approved for adjuvant treatment of patients with completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer with residual pathologic disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.1,2 Supporting Efficacy Data Approval was based on findings from the...
BCMA-Directed CAR T-Cell Therapy Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
In the phase Ib/II CARTITUDE-1 trial reported in The Lancet, Jesus G. Berdeja, MD, and colleagues found that ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy with two B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeting single-domain antibodies, produced a high rate of...
Is Chemotherapy Associated With Complications or Poorer Outcomes Among Women Undergoing Immediate Breast Reconstruction?
In a cohort study reported in JAMA Surgery, Hart et al found that treatment with either neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with an increased risk of complications or poorer patient-reported outcomes in women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer with immediate breast...
Parenthood Status and Use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques in Younger Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors
In a Danish population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Øvlisen et al found that parenthood rates in younger Hodgkin lymphoma survivors who did not experience early relapse were similar to those in the general population, but that use of assisted reproductive techniques...
Donafenib May Improve Survival vs Sorafenib in First-Line Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In a Chinese phase II/III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Qin et al found that donafenib, a multikinase inhibitor and deuterated sorafenib derivative, improved overall survival vs sorafenib in the first-line treatment of unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. As...
Arsenic Plus All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Pediatric Patients With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
In a Chinese study (CCLG-APL2016) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zheng et al found that the combination of arsenic with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was associated with good survival outcomes in pediatric patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Study Details The multicenter...
Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to KRAS G12C Inhibition in Patients With Cancer
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Awad et al identified potential mechanisms of acquired resistance to the KRAS G12C inhibitor adagrasib in patients receiving the agent for treatment of KRAS G12C–mutant cancers. As noted by the investigators, clinical trials of the KRAS...
Addition of Pembrolizumab to Chemoradiotherapy in Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
As reported in JAMA Oncology by Osama E. Rahma, MD, and colleagues, initial results of the phase II NRG-GI002 trial showed no improvement in mean neoadjuvant rectal score with the addition of pembrolizumab to chemoradiotherapy in total neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced rectal...
Oncolytic Adenovirus for Malignant Glioma: Feasibility and Safety
In a first-in-human phase I trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Fares et al found that neural stem cell delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus (NSC-CRAd-S-pk7) was safe and feasible in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma, with immunologic and histopathologic findings supporting continued ...
International Esodata Study Group Model for Predicting 90-Day Mortality After Esophagectomy
In a retrospective analysis reported by researchers from the International Esodata Study Group (IESG) in JAMA Surgery, D’Journo et al developed a model for predicting risk of 90-day mortality following esophagectomy for patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. As stated by the...
Predicting Chemotherapy Resistance in Patients With Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
In a retrospective cohort study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Braga et al identified metastatic disease, choriocarcinoma histology, and higher pretreatment human chorionic gonadotropin concentration as independent predictors of resistance to single-agent chemotherapy in women with low-risk...
Recovery of Gonadal Function With PET-Adapted Regimen for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a prospective analysis from the phase III Lymphoma Study Association AHL2011 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Demeestere et al found that patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma receiving a positron-emission tomography (PET)-adapted regimen had a reduced risk of gonadal...
Humanized CD19-Targeted CAR T-Cell Treatment in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell ALL
In a pilot study reported by Myers et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, a humanized CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell product developed by the investigators (huCART19) was found to produce durable remissions and prolonged CAR T-cell persistence in CAR-naive and CAR-exposed...
Efficiency of Virtual Care for Oncology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
In a single-institution study reported in JCO Oncology Practice, Hsiehchen et al found that replacement of in-person with telehealth visits among patients with cancer initiating systemic therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with poorer efficiency in components of oncology care or ...
Effect of ALK Amplification and Mutation on Outcomes in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
In an analysis from the European Neuroblastoma Study Group (SIOPEN) HR-NBL1 high-risk neuroblastoma trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bellini et al found that ALK amplification and clonal mutation were associated with poorer outcomes in pediatric patients with high-risk...
Assessment of Targeted Methylation-Based Multicancer Early Detection Test in Independent Validation Cohort
In a validation study reported in Annals of Oncology, Klein et al found that a targeted methylation-based multicancer early detection (MCED) assay using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing had high specificity for cancer signal detection and high accuracy in predicting cancer signal origin across a...
Second-Line Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy Regimen for Relapsed or Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Alison J. Moskowitz, MD, and colleagues found that second-line therapy with pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and liposomal doxorubicin (GVD) in relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma produced responses in all...
Phase III Trial Compares Induction Regimens in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Garaventa et al, the phase III International Society of Pediatric Oncology European Neuroblastoma Group (SIOPEN) HR-NBL1.5 trial showed no significant differences in metastatic complete response rate or event-free survival with the Memorial Sloan...
Effect of Myeloid Progenitor Cell Product on the Risk of Infection During Induction Chemotherapy for AML
In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Desai et al found that the addition of the myeloid progenitor cell product romyelocel-L to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reduced the incidence of infection and antimicrobial use vs G-CSF alone during induction...
Mortgage Lending Bias and Survival Among Older Women With Breast Cancer in the United States
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Beyer et al found that redlining (mortgage lending bias on the basis of property location) was associated with overall survival among older U.S. women with breast cancer, with an increasing redlining index (higher likelihood of mortgage loan...
Outcomes With 5 vs 2 Years of Zoledronate Treatment Following Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer
In the German phase III SUCCESS A trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Friedl et al found no differences in disease-free or overall survival with 5 vs 2 years of zoledronate treatment following adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Study Details In the multicenter, open-label, 2 × 2 factorial...
Sintilimab Plus Bevacizumab Biosimilar vs Sorafenib in Unresectable or Metastatic HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In a Chinese phase II/III trial (ORIENT-32) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Ren et al found that the combination of the PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab and the bevacizumab biosimilar IBI305 prolonged progression-free and overall survival vs sorafenib in previously untreated unresectable or metastatic...
Use of Germline Mutation Profiling in Patients With Advanced Cancers
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zsofia K. Stadler, MD, and colleagues found that germline mutation testing revealed therapeutically actionable variants in 8% of patients with recurrent or metastatic cancers, with 40% of them receiving directed treatment. As stated by the...
Risk Factors for Early Discontinuation of Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer
In a post hoc analysis from the phase III TAILORx trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Yanez et al identified factors that may be associated with an increased and decreased likelihood of early discontinuation of adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Study Details The TAILORx trial, conducted...
Addition of First-Line Camrelizumab to Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
In an interim analysis of a Chinese phase III trial (CAPTAIN-1st) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Yang et al found that the addition of camrelizumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin significantly prolonged progression-free survival in the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal ...
Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine vs Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and Docetaxel in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
In a Swedish phase II trial (PREDIX HER2) reported in JAMA Oncology, Hatschek et al found no difference in pathologic complete response rate with neoadjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) vs a standard regimen of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel (DTP) in patients with HER2-positive breast...
Effects of FOXR2 Expression in Neuroblastoma
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schmitt-Hoffner et al found that FOXR2 expression is associated with poorer survival in neuroblastoma, identifying a subgroup of patients in addition to those with MYCN-amplified tumors who are at risk of unfavorable outcomes. They found that ...
VISION Trial: Lu-177–PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy Prolongs Survival When Added to Standard of Care in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Oliver Sartor, MD, and colleagues, the phase III VISION trial has shown prolonged progression-free and overall survival with lutetium-177–PSMA-617 (Lu-177–PSMA-617) radioligand therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone in previously...
Loncastuximab Tesirine-lpyl for Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma
On April 23, 2021, loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl, a CD19-directed antibody and alkylating agent conjugate, was granted accelerated approval for treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy, including diffuse large B-cell...
Low Response Rates to Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
In an Italian study reported in Leukemia, Francesca Romana Mauro, MD, of the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, and colleagues found that only a small minority of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) developed an adequate immune response to...
Addition of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy to Surgery and Adjuvant S-1 in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
In the Korean phase III PRODIGY trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yoon-Koo Kang, MD, and colleagues found that the addition of neoadjuvant docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 (DOS) to D2 gastrectomy followed by adjuvant S-1 was associated with improved progression-free survival in...
Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Patients With Hematologic Cancers Hospitalized for COVID-19
In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Oncology, Michael A. Thompson, MD, PhD, FASCO, and colleagues found that the use of convalescent plasma therapy was associated with improved 30-day mortality among patients with hematologic cancers hospitalized for COVID-19. Study Details The study...
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Conventional External-Beam Radiotherapy for Pain Control of Spinal Metastases
In a Canadian/Australian phase II/III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Arjun Sahgal, MD, and colleagues found that stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) produced a higher complete pain response rate vs conventional external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in patients with painful spinal metastases. ...
Overall Survival With the Addition of Ixazomib to Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Paul G. Richardson, MD, and colleagues, the final overall survival analysis of the phase III TOURMALINE-MM1 trial showed no overall survival benefit with the addition of ixazomib to lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) in relapsed or refractory multiple ...
Reduced-Dose and Reduced-Volume Radiotherapy Plus Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Average-Risk Medulloblastoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Jeff M. Michalski, MBA, MD, and colleagues, the Children’s Oncology Group noninferiority phase III ACNS0331 trial has shown no decrease in event-free survival with reduced radiation boost volume in patients with newly diagnosed, average-risk...
ctDNA and Early Relapse After Axicabtagene Ciloleucel Infusion in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In a prospective study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Frank et al found that monitoring of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) improved detection of early relapse after axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Study Details A total of...
Adjuvant Metronomic Capecitabine for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
In a Chinese phase III study reported in The Lancet, Chen et al found that the use of adjuvant metronomic capecitabine improved failure-free survival vs observation after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with high-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Study Details In the...
Avelumab With or Without Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Ovarian Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Eric Pujade-Lauraine, MD, and colleagues, the phase III JAVELIN Ovarian 200 trial showed no significant improvement in progression-free or overall survival with avelumab alone or in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) vs PLD alone in patients ...
Is Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab an Effective Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma?
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Chung-Han Lee, MD, and colleagues, findings in a cohort of the phase Ib/II Study 111/KEYNOTE-146 trial showed that the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab produced high response rates among patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma...
Brexucabtagene Autoleucel in Adults With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell ALL: ZUMA-3
As reported in The Lancet by Shah et al, the pivotal phase II ZUMA-3 trial has shown a high rate of complete remission with the autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy brexucabtagene autoleucel (formerly KTE-X19) in adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute...
Addition of Isatuximab-irfc to Carfilzomib/Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: IKEMA Trial
As reported in The Lancet by Philippe Moreau, MD, and colleagues, the phase III IKEMA trial has shown that the addition of the anti-CD38 antibody isatuximab-irfc to carfilzomib and dexamethasone resulted in significantly improved progression-free survival in patients with relapsed or refractory...
Effect of Radiotherapy Dose Escalation in Definitive Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer
In a Dutch phase III trial (ARTDECO) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hulshof et al found that increasing the dose of radiation therapy in a definitive chemoradiation regimen did not improve local progression-free survival in patients with inoperable, locally advanced esophageal...
Prevalence of Germline BRCA Mutations in Women With Ovarian Cancer in India
In a prospective cross-sectional study reported in JCO Global Oncology, Gupta et al found that women with ovarian cancer in India had a high prevalence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic BRCA variants. As stated by the investigators: “There are deficient data on prevalence of germline mutations in...
Addition of First-Line Nivolumab to Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancers: CheckMate 649
As reported in The Lancet by Yelena Y. Janjigian, MD, and colleagues, the phase III CheckMate 649 trial has shown that the addition of first-line nivolumab to chemotherapy resulted in improved overall and progression-free survival among patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric, gastroesophageal ...
Retrospective Study Explores Variation in Colorectal Cancer Risk in Families With Lynch Syndrome
In a retrospective cohort study reported by Win et al in The Lancet Oncology, researchers in the International Mismatch Repair Consortium found marked variation in the risk of colorectal cancer in families with Lynch syndrome carrying the same pathogenic variant in DNA mismatch repair genes. The...
Effect of Polygenic Risk Score on Estimated Breast Cancer Risk Among Carriers of Pathogenic Variants in Predisposition Genes
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gao et al found that use of a polygenic risk score (PRS) modified the estimated risk of breast cancer among both carriers and noncarriers of established pathogenic variants in breast cancer predisposition genes. Study Details The study...
All-Cause Mortality in COVID-19–Positive and COVID-19–Negative Patients With Cancer
In a large cohort study reported by Sharafeldin et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, researchers from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) found that COVID-19–positive vs –negative status was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality at 1 year among patients with...
Addition of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin to Conventional Background Chemotherapy in Pediatric Patients With KMT2A-Rearranged AML
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Pollard et al, a subgroup of pediatric patients with KMT2A-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the phase III Children’s Oncology Group AAML0531 trial had improved outcomes with the addition of the CD33-targeting agent gemtuzumab ozogamicin...
Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic HCT Based on Donor Availability in Older Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Nakamura et al found that use of reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in older patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with an available matched donor improved overall survival vs...
Trilaciclib to Reduce Chemotherapy-Induced Bone Marrow Suppression in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
On February 12, 2021, the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor trilaciclib was approved for use to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in adult patients when administered prior to a platinum/etoposide–containing regimen or topotecan-containing regimen for...
