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onivyde
lynparza

Targeting an Important Tumor Vulnerability With Maintenance Olaparib in Germline BRCA-Mutated Pancreatic Cancer

In the POLO trial, which is discussed in this issue of The ASCO Post, Golan and colleagues evaluated the potential benefit of maintenance olaparib after disease stability or response to a minimum of 4 months of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and a...

prostate cancer

ASTRO 2019: ORIOLE Trial: Observation vs SABR for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer

The randomized, phase II ORIOLE trial studying the efficacy of targeted high-dose radiation for men with oligometastatic prostate cancer has shown that stereotactic ablative radiation (SABR) is an effective and safe option for patients who wish to delay hormone-suppression therapy. Data from the...

hematologic malignancies
issues in oncology

Single-Center Study of Human Herpesvirus 6B Detection in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

In a single-institution study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hill et al found that detection of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was associated with increased mortality in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with lower...

solid tumors
immunotherapy

Liquid Biopsy to Determine Patient Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Although studies have demonstrated that microsatellite instability (MSI) and high tumor mutational burden (TMB) are promising pan-tumor biomarkers for identifying patients for treatment with immune checkpoint blockade, obtaining tissue from unresectable or metastatic solid tumors for genetic...

breast cancer
immunotherapy

T-DM1 Plus Neratinib in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

In the phase Ib NSABP Foundation Trial FB-10 reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jame Abraham, MD, and colleagues found evidence of activity of the combination of ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) plus neratinib in metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer and identified the dose of the...

breast cancer

Circulating Tumor DNA and Relapse in Early-Stage Breast Cancer

In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Nicholas C. Turner, PhD, and colleagues found that detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during follow-up after initial treatment for early breast cancer was associated with a high risk of relapse. Detection at diagnosis was also associated with poorer...

breast cancer

Alpelisib for PIK3CA-Mutated Advanced Breast Cancer

On May 24, 2019, alpelisib was approved for use in combination with fulvestrant for postmenopausal women, and men, with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected by a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved test following...

lung cancer
immunotherapy

WCLC 2019: Two Studies Show Tumor Mutational Burden Not Associated With Pembrolizumab Efficacy in NSCLC

At the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2019 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC), two presentations showed that tumor mutational burden is not associated with the efficacy of pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer...

hepatobiliary cancer

Real-Time ctDNA Evaluation in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

In a study published in the Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Mody et al described results from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in a real-time clinical context. The authors wrote, “[ctDNA assessment] holds incredible promise for early...

myelodysplastic syndromes
leukemia
lung cancer
solid tumors
colorectal cancer
hepatobiliary cancer

FDA Pipeline: Fast Track Designation in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and AML, Plus Multiple Breakthrough Designations

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Fast Track designation to magrolimab in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The agency also granted Breakthrough Therapy designations in lung cancer and desmoid tumors, as well as Breakthrough Device designations...

head and neck cancer

Maura L. Gillison, MD, PhD, Pioneer in HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer, Has Often Changed Lanes in Her Career

When The ASCO Post asked physician-scientist Maura L. Gillison, MD, PhD, where she was from, she answered, “North America.” Actually, she was born in Canada, but her father worked for a large international company, so the family moved regularly through Canada, the United States, and Mexico. “I...

solid tumors

Expert Point of View: Thomas Paul Slavin, Jr, MD

Thomas Paul Slavin, Jr, MD, of City of Hope National Medical Center, where he is Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, and a Program Member of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, commented on these substudy findings. The...

solid tumors

Exploratory Analysis Shows DNA Methylation Assay Highly Specific for Cancer Detection

A cell-free DNA test based on the presence of DNA methylation has proven highly specific as a multicancer detection test and appears especially good at detecting high-risk malignancies. In most cases, it can also accurately pinpoint the tumor’s tissue of origin, researchers reported at the 2019...

skin cancer

Genomic Landscape of Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Researchers have developed the largest descriptive genomic analysis of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma to date. Their analysis, published by Knepper et al in Clinical Cancer Research, will provide important information to improve the care and treatment of patients with Merkel cell...

skin cancer

Impact of Genes on Total Number and Type of Nevi

A study by Duffy et al in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology reported on specific gene variations affecting the number and types of moles on the body and their role in causing skin cancer.  “The goal was to investigate the genetic underpinnings of different mole classes, or...

pancreatic cancer

Adavosertib Plus Gemcitabine and Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

In a phase I dose-escalation trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cuneo et al established the phase II dose of the Wee1 kinase inhibitor adavosertib in combination with gemcitabine and radiotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Wee1 inhibition impedes DNA damage response and ...

breast cancer

Circulating Tumor DNA and Relapse in Early-Stage Breast Cancer

In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Garcia-Murillas et al found that detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during follow-up after initial treatment for early breast cancer was associated with a high risk of relapse. Detection at diagnosis was also associated with poorer relapse-free...

issues in oncology

Single-Institution Study of Next-Generation Sequencing Outcomes in Patients With Cancer

In a single-institution retrospective study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Davis and colleagues found that next-generation sequencing (NGS) tests resulted in changes in management in a small proportion of patients with cancer. Study Details The study involved retrospective review...

pancreatic cancer

Germline RABL3 Mutation May Increase Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Development

Scientists who studied a highly cancer-prone single family have identified a rare, inherited gene mutation that may raise the lifetime risk of pancreatic and other cancers. Their findings were published by Nissim et al in Nature Genetics. The discovery of the previously unknown mutation could lead ...

integrative oncology

Echinacea

The ASCO Post’s Integrative Oncology series is intended to facilitate the availability of evidence-based information on integrative and complementary therapies sometimes used by patients with cancer. In this installment, Yen Nien Hou, PharmD, DipIOM, LAc, explores the potential health benefits of...

Institute of Cancer Research Annual Science and Medical Image Competition

Each year, investigators from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, and the Royal Marsden NHS Trust collaborate to showcase images from their research to highlight the often unseen beauty of science. Maxine Lam, PhD,  a postdoctoral training fellow at ICR captured an image of a cancer...

breast cancer

Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis for Detection of Residual Disease in Breast Cancer

Researchers have developed a new method for tracking residual disease in patients with breast cancer that could one day help doctors better tailor treatments and prevent unnecessary surgeries for some people with the disease. Findings were published by McDonald et al in Science Translational...

skin cancer

Can Genetic Counseling and Test Reporting in Patients Susceptible to Melanoma Development Change Behavior?

A new study published by Stump et al in Genetics in Medicine investigated whether genetic testing would motivate people at risk of developing melanoma to alter their behavior in order to reduce their risk. “We are trying to understand whether a genetic test result adds value over and above...

AACR Announces 2019 Class of Fellows of the AACR Academy

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) recently announced its newly elected class of Fellows of the AACR Academy. The mission of the AACR Academy is to recognize and honor distinguished scientists whose scientific contributions have propelled innovation and progress against cancer. The ...

symptom management
supportive care

Novel Therapeutics on the Horizon for Treating Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a major clinical problem, and better therapies are needed for both its treatment and prevention. According to Charles Loprinzi, MD, a medical oncologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, to devise better preventive and treatment approaches,...

solid tumors
immunotherapy

Cell-Free DNA Sequencing Highly Concordant With Tissue-Based Testing in the Detection of Microsatellite Instability Status

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important predictive biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade in solid cancers. However, despite recommendations by clinical practice guidelines, MSI is often not assessed, usually due to tissue insufficiency, unavailability, or infeasibility....

gynecologic cancers

Prognostic Biomarker for Progression of Moderate Cervical Dysplasia

In a study published by Louvanto et al in Clinical Infectious Diseases, researchers investigated the ability of a DNA methylation panel to determine between disease progression and regression among women of childbearing age with untreated cervical intraepithelial dysplasia. In the majority of...

solid tumors
immunotherapy

Tumor-Associated Antigen Cytotoxic T Cells in Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors

In a phase I trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hont et al found that treatment of relapsed or refractory solid tumors with ex vivo expanded autologous multiantigen-associated specific cytotoxic T cells—or, tumor-associated antigen cytotoxic T cells—was safe and showed...

bladder cancer

Conditional Reprogramming of Urine Cultures for Bladder Cancer

A research team led by investigators from Georgetown University Medical Center and Fudan University in China has devised a noninvasive and individualized technique for detecting and treating bladder cancer. Their findings were published by Jiang et al in Protein & Cell. The method uses a...

prostate cancer

Study Highlights on Novel Agents and Supportive Care Strategies in Prostate Cancer

In addition to our regular coverage of major news stories from the 2019 ASCO Annual Meeting, here is an additional roundup of important studies related to prostate cancer. ARAMIS: Darolutamide and Quality of Life Darolutamide, a next-generation androgen receptor antagonist, significantly prolonged...

issues in oncology
genomics/genetics

Emerging Interest in Metabolic Pathways to Tumorigenesis

Although genetic aberrations are considered a major reason for cancer development, the importance of metabolic alterations in cancer development has emerged as a crucial aspect of contemporary cancer research. Better understanding of the metabolic traits in cancer cells could aid researchers in...

breast cancer
symptom management

Metabolic Changes May Signal Development of Chemotherapy-Associated Cardiotoxicity

To learn more about the processes that lead to chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity, a team of researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) conducted a study to investigate whether early changes in energy-related metabolites in the blood—measured shortly after...

pancreatic cancer

Artificial Intelligence to Guide Management of Pancreatic Cysts

In a proof-of-concept study, an international scientific team has shown that a laboratory test using artificial intelligence tools has the potential to more accurately sort out which people with pancreatic cysts will eventually develop pancreatic cancers. Their findings were published by Springer...

hepatobiliary cancer

KIR-HLA System Gene Loci Imbalance and Biliary Tract Cancer

Patients with biliary tract cancer have an altered genetic architecture in some immune system receptor systems, according to research published by Cornillet et al in Gastroenterology. Research Findings Researchers at Karolinska Institutet investigated the genetic architecture of two large genetic ...

integrative oncology

Chaga Mushroom

The ASCO Post’s Integrative Oncology series is intended to facilitate the availability of evidence-based information on integrative and complementary therapies sometimes used by patients with cancer. In this installment, Ting Bao, MD, DABMA, MS, and Jyothirmai Gubili, MS, explore the current...

breast cancer
gastroesophageal cancer
gastrointestinal cancer

FDA Approves New Trastuzumab Biosimilar

On June 14, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved trastuzumab-anns (Kanjinti) for all approved indications of the reference product trastuzumab (Herceptin): for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer and HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction...

gastroesophageal cancer
gastrointestinal cancer

Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Recurrent, Metastatic Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

In the Clinic provides overviews of novel hematology and oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms of action, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. On February 22, trifluridine/tipiracil...

Joann Sweasy, PhD, Joins University of Arizona Cancer Center as Associate Director for Basic Sciences

Joann Sweasy, PhD, an expert in DNA repair and genomic instability, has joined the University of Arizona Cancer Center as Associate Director for Basic Sciences. Dr. Sweasy also has been appointed to a joint faculty position at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, in the...

lung cancer
issues in oncology
cost of care

Frequency, Complications, and Costs of Diagnostic and Postprogression Biopsies in NSCLC

In a retrospective study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Kelly et al identified the frequency of diagnostic and postprogression biopsies, complication rates, and associated costs in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study involved patient data from the...

immunotherapy
lung cancer

Combination Immunotherapy and Inhibitors of DNA Damage Repair in the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Unlike non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has seen a paradigm shift in treatment modalities with the discovery of genetic signatures (including EGFR mutations) that are responsive to targeted drugs, systemic treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has remained largely unchanged for over...

Expert Point of View: Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is potentially attractive because it addresses micrometastases early in the course of treatment and may improve compliance with systemic therapy, said formal discussant Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD, of Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo...

lymphoma

15-ICML: Genotyping of ctDNA in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

An abstract presented by Camus et al at the 15th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML; Abstract 138) found that targeted genotyping of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in classical Hodgkin lymphoma at diagnosis “may help to assess early treatment response in complement to...

lymphoma

15-ICML: Identifying Genetic Alterations Associated With Relapse in DLBCL

In an abstract presented by Rushton et al at the 15th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML; Abstract 004), researchers found that patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with specific mutations in relapse-enriched genes may be at a higher risk of treatment failure. The...

Researchers Supported by Conquer Cancer®, the ASCO Foundation, Earn Spots in Clinical Cancer Advances 2019 for Leukemia Research

The work of nine researchers who have previously received funding from Conquer Cancer is featured in ASCO’s Clinical Cancer Advances 2019. Visit CONQUER.ORG/CCA for more details. New Approaches in Leukemia In two separate trials, Conquer Cancer researchers joined forces to improve treatment for...

pancreatic cancer

POLO Trial Shows Maintenance Olaparib Improves Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

In patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, maintenance therapy with olaparib doubled the time to disease progression and the proportion of patients who were progression-free at 2 years, in the phase III POLO trial.1 “Maintenance olaparib provided a...

head and neck cancer

Oral HPV DNA Persistence and Disease Progression in Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

In a two-institution study reported in JAMA Oncology, Carole Fakhry, MD, and colleagues found that persistent detection of tumor-type human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA after primary treatment for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas was associated with poorer outcomes. Study Details The...

breast cancer
gastroesophageal cancer
gastrointestinal cancer

FDA Approves New Trastuzumab Biosimilar

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved trastuzumab-anns (Kanjinti) for all approved indications of the reference product trastuzumab (Herceptin): for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer and HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal...

colorectal cancer

2019 ASCO: Addition of Veliparib to Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Results from an experimental arm of the phase II NRG-GI002 trial using veliparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, as part of total neoadjuvant therapy (induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy and surgery) in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma were...

prostate cancer

2019 ASCO: TOPARP-B Finds Olaparib Shows Efficacy in Men With BRCA-Mutant Prostate Cancer

The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib may benefit some men with prostate cancer, according to findings from the phase II TOPARP-B trial presented by Mateo et al at the 2019 ASCO Annual Meeting (Abstract 5005).   Olaparib previously showed activity against metastatic...

cns cancers

2019 ASCO: Subgroups of Patients With Low-Grade Glioma May Benefit From PCV Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy

A recent, updated predictive analysis of the three World Health Organization (WHO)-defined molecular subgroups based on IDH mutation status and 1p/19q codeletion status represented in the high-risk treatment arms of a phase III trial found that both IDH-mutant subgroups may derive benefit ...

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