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Showing 1451 - 1500Citrus Fruit Consumption May Be Linked to An Increased Risk of Melanoma
A large population-based prospective analysis of the consumption of psoralen-rich citrus products and the risk of malignant melanoma has found that the melanoma risk was 36% higher in people who consumed citrus fruit or juice at least 1.6 times daily compared with those who consumed it less than...
Study Finds Annual Low-Dose CT Screening Effective in Identifying Precancerous Lung Nodules
A large international prospective study investigating the safety and effectiveness of using annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) as a screening tool to monitor nonsolid lung nodules has found that CT was accurate in identifying nodules that were likely to become cancerous. The study also found...
ASCO Publishes Conceptual Framework to Assess the Value of New Cancer Treatment Options
In a press conference today, ASCO detailed the contents of the initial version of a conceptual framework for assessing the value of new cancer treatment options based on the treatment’s clinical benefit, side effects, and cost. Other important measures, such as quality of life and...
HPV Serum Antibodies May Predict Survival and Disease Progression in Patients With HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer
A study by Dahlstrom et al investigating the usefulness of serum antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 DNA antigens as predictors of survival for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma has found that E1, NE2, and E6 antibody positivity were all strongly associated with improved overall and...
Study Finds ALK1 May Be a Therapeutic Target for Metastatic Breast Cancer
A study investigating the process involved in metastatic breast cancer has found that patients with high levels of the protein activin-like receptor kinase (ALK) 1 in the blood vessels of their tumors were more likely to develop metastatic disease than patients without endothelial expression of...
Investigators Identify Gene That Prevents Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer
Researchers have identified a gene in dendritic cells that disables an effective immune response against ovarian cancer tumors. In preclinical studies, the researchers found that silencing this gene, XBP1, in dendritic cells restores their function and enhances T-cell antitumor immunity. XBP1 is...
Study Finds Prostate Cancer Survivors Who Maintained a Western Diet Had an Increased Risk of Death
A large study evaluating the relationship of dietary patterns with prostate cancer–specific and all-cause mortality among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer has found that the men who ate a Western-style diet of foods rich in processed meats, red meats, and high-fat dairy...
ASCO 2015: African Americans Prone to Display Negative Perceptions of Cancer-Related Clinical Trials
African American patients have a disproportionately high rate of cancer and yet are less likely than Caucasian patients to participate in oncologic clinical trials that can significantly improve quality of life. Researchers from Fox Chase Cancer Center and Temple University explored the differences ...
ASCO Releases Proposal for Payment Reform to Support Higher-Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care
Expanding on the Consolidated Payments for Oncology Care (CPOC) payment model circulated last year to improve the quality and affordability of care for patients with cancer, ASCO’s new Patient-Centered Oncology Payment: Payment Reform to Support Higher Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care...
American College of Physicians Offers Advice on High-Value Screening in Five Cancers
To provide guidance on high-value cancer care screening strategies, the American College of Physicians (ACP) recently reviewed clinical guidelines issued by various medical organizations for screening strategies in five common cancers for asymptomatic, average-risk adults. The five cancers focused...
Breast Density Should Not Be the Only Criterion for Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening
A large prospective study investigating the association between dense breast tissue and the risk for interval breast cancer has found that breast density alone should not be the sole criterion for recommending supplemental breast imaging, because not all women with dense breasts have high interval...
TAS-102 Significantly Improves Overall Survival in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
A large, phase III international study of the oral agent TAS-102 in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer has found that the therapy improved overall survival by 1.8 months and also delayed disease progression. TAS-102 had few side effects and was also effective in patients...
New Study Finds Racial Differences in Survival Among Men With Breast Cancer
A study by Sineshaw et al has found that black men with early-stage breast cancer who were younger than age 65 had a 76% higher risk of death than whites. However, the disparity was significantly reduced after adjusting for differences in insurance and income, suggesting the importance of...
Long-Term Use of Statins May Reduce Risk of Lung Cancer Death
A large population-based British study of newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer has found that those who had prolonged use of statins, especially simvastatin, had a 19% reduction in lung cancer deaths. Among all patients, those who used statins in the year before their lung cancer diagnosis had ...
American College of Physicians Releases Best Practice Advice for Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women
The American College of Physicians (ACP) released its clinical advice for cervical cancer screening in asymptomatic, average-risk women 21 years or older. Women at average risk are defined as those with no history of a precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or a more severe ...
AZD9291 Shows Durable Responses in Patients With EGFR-Positive Lung Cancers
A clinical trial of the EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had disease progression after previous treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors has found that the drug was highly active—achieving a 95% disease control rate—in...
FDA Announces Clinical Trial Endpoints for Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs
This week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released its guidance for industry document Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs and Biologics, which allows companies to use several types of clinical trial endpoints, including overall survival...
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Clarifies Mammography Recommendations for Women in Their 40s
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued its updated draft recommendation statement on mammography screening guidelines. The revised guidelines still recommend that women aged 50 to 74 get mammography screening for breast cancer every 2 years and now states that the decision to...
Study Finds Large Disparities in Survival Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
A large, diverse study of 16,827 adolescents and young adults with differentiated thyroid cancer has found that African Americans and Hispanics were six times and three times more likely, respectively, to die of their cancer than Caucasians. Residing in low-socioeconomic neighborhoods, insurance...
Cancer Experts Find Too Many People Are Being Screened, Diagnosed, and Treated for Disease
A recent commentary published in Annals of Internal Medicine discusses the paradoxical finding that most patients are at below-average risk of disease and can expect to experience less-than-average benefits from a treatment. Yet, argue Vickers et al, too many people are being screened, diagnosed,...
One in Five Medicare Patients With Melanoma Experience Surgical Delays
A large retrospective cohort study of more than 32,000 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with melanoma has found that one in five patients experience a delay of surgery that is longer than 1.5 months. Those patients undergoing biopsy and surgery by dermatologists had the lowest risk for delay, which ...
Study Finds Oncology Drug Pricing Models ‘Not Rational’
A statistical analysis of 51 oncology drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013, has found that cancer drug prices are rising faster than the prices in other sectors of health care and that the high cost of the drugs is not...
Circulating Tumor DNA in Blood May Predict Recurrence in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
A study assessing whether circulating tumor DNA encoding the clonal immunoglobulin gene sequence could be detected in the serum of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has found that surveillance circulating tumor DNA enabled detection of microscopic disease before it could be seen on CT...
Study Finds Both the Number of Childhood Cancer Survivors and the Prevalence of Morbidity Are Increasing
Researchers investigating the prevalence of childhood cancer survivors and the population-level burden of morbidity in these survivors have found that although the number of childhood cancer survivors has increased by nearly 60,000 since 2005, the majority of those who have survived 5 or more years ...
American Gastroenterological Association Releases New Guidelines on the Management of Asymptomatic Neoplastic Pancreatic Cysts
The growing use of sophisticated abdominal imaging techniques, which has led to a marked increase in the findings of incidental pancreatic cysts, has prompted the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) to issue new recommendations in the management of asymptomatic neoplastic pancreatic...
Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Provides Better Understanding of Tumor Evolution and Metastasis
Scientists from the Broad Institute and the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology to “knock out,” or turn off, all genes across the genome systematically in a mouse model of non–small cell lung cancer cells and then tested...
NIH-Funded Study Suggests Novel Strategy to Improve Vaccine Efficacy in the Treatment of Glioblastoma
Although dendritic cell–based immunotherapy has shown limited promise in the treatment of patients with advanced cancers, including glioblastoma, the factors dictating dendritic cell–based vaccine efficacy have been poorly understood. Now, a clinical trial funded by the National...
Age-Stratified Predictive Model May Provide Surgical Guidelines for Uterine Leiomyomas
A study by Brohl et al investigating the case incidence of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma (fibroids or myomas) has found that the risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma varies significantly across age groups, with a more than fivefold difference between the...
AACR Names Nancy E. Davidson, MD, President-Elect for 2015-2016
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) today announced the election of Nancy E. Davidson, MD, Director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC CancerCenter in Pittsburgh, as its President-Elect for 2015–2016. Dr. Davidson will officially become President-Elect...
Study Finds Websites That Market Personalized Cancer Care Services Overemphasize Benefits
A recent analysis of 55 Internet websites marketing a broad range of tests and services that promise the ability to personalize cancer treatment has found that the websites often overemphasize their purported benefits and downplay their limitations. In addition, the study results show that the...
NRAS Mutations in Advanced Melanoma Correlate With Increased Benefit From Immunotherapies
Researchers investigating whether tumor genotype correlates with benefit from immune therapy in melanoma has found that patients whose tumors had NRAS mutations had better response to immunotherapy and better outcomes than patients whose tumors had other genetic subtypes. The results suggest that...
Study Finds Immunohistochemistry Is More Effective Than FISH in Detecting EML4-ALK Rearrangments in Lung Cancer
A retrospective study by Pekar-Zlotin et al investigating fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting EML4-ALK rearrangement in patients with lung cancer has found that FISH may miss a significant number of patients who tested positive with...
Novel Cell Profiling Technique May Help Personalize Cancer Treatments
Researchers have developed a lab test called Dynamic BH3 Profiling (DBP) to measure early changes in net proapoptotic signaling at the mitochondrion induced by chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells. In cell-line and clinical experiments, the test accurately predicted chemotherapy response across...
Early Study Suggests Olaparib May Be Effective in Ovarian Cancers Expressing High Levels of POLQ
Last December, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved olaparib (Lynparza) in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. Now, a laboratory study by Ceccaldi et al has found that the drug may also be effective in breast and ovarian tumors that...
ASCO Expresses Concern Over the New CMS Oncology Care Model
On Thursday, February 12, 2015, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced its new Oncology Care Model, a multipayer payment and care delivery model meant to support better health-care coordination for patients with cancer. Although commending the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid ...
Scientists Identify Genetic Variations Linked to Treatment-Related Hearing Loss in Young Patients With Cancer
Using a genome-wide associated study approach, researchers have identified inherited genetic variations in the ACYP2 gene that were linked to as much as a fourfold greater risk of rapid hearing loss in young patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. The study...
Study Finds Metformin May Reduce Lung Cancer Risk Among Diabetic Nonsmokers
A large retrospective cohort study of diabetic patients taking metformin, a first-line treatment for type II diabetes, has found that while metformin use was not associated with lower lung cancer risk overall, the risk was 43% lower among diabetic patients who had never smoked. In addition, the...
Study Finds Fear of Cancer Can Be Either a Facilitator or Deterrent to Getting Colorectal Cancer Screenings
People who worry a lot about cancer are more likely to want to get screened for colon cancer—perhaps due to a desire for reassurance—but having a more visceral negative response to thinking about cancer acted as a deterrent to actually getting screened, according to a British study by...
Study Finds Many Women Lack Understanding of Their Breast Cancer, Especially Minority Patients
A population-based study of women who had undergone surgery for breast cancer has found that many lacked understanding of the basic characteristics of their disease, including stage, grade, and tumor characteristics. Minority patients were less likely than white patients to have the correct...
ASCO Announces Progress in the Development of CancerLinQ, With the First Version Due in Late 2015
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) announced today that it will use SAP HANA®, a data management and application platform, in the development of CancerLinQ, the Society’s health information technology platform that will harness Big Data to deliver high-quality care to...
ASCO Releases Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer and Names the Cancer Advance of the Year
ASCO released its report, Clinical Cancer Advances 2015: An Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer, today, and for the first time announced its cancer Advance of the Year: gains made in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). ASCO credits the improvements in CLL care with the...
Prolonged Sedentary Time Linked to Cancer and Other Health Risks Regardless of Exercise Habits
A meta-analysis of published studies evaluating sedentary behavior in adults and health outcomes independent of physical activity has found that sedentary activities, such as prolonged sitting watching television or using a computer, is positively associated with an increased risk for all-cause...
Metabolic Syndrome Linked With Higher Risk of Endometrial Cancer Regardless of Being Overweight or Obese
A large population-based analysis of women 65 and older in the United States diagnosed with endometrial cancer has found that women with metabolic syndrome—characterized by low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, high triglycerides, and elevated waist circumference—have an increased risk of...
Study Identifies Signaling Pathway Responsible for Generating Slowly Proliferating, Chemoresistant Cancer Cells
Although scientists know that all cancers contain a mixture of both rapidly and slowly proliferating cancer cells, which complicates the detection and treatment of patients with cancer and may cause disease relapse long after apparently curative treatment, the circumstances and molecular details of ...
Chemotherapy Plus Targeted Therapy Reduces Recurrence in Women With Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
A phase II clinical study of adjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab (Herceptin) in women with stage I HER2-positive breast cancer has found the 3-year rate of survival free from invasive disease was 98.7%. The findings may help establish the combination therapy as the first standard treatment approach ...
Study Finds Whole-Genome Sequencing Is Successful in Identifying Patients’ Risk for Inherited Cancers
After performing whole-genome sequencing on patients found to have BRCA1or BRCA2 mutations as well as on those that were not carriers of either mutation, researchers found cancer risk–related potentially pathogenic variants in those without BRCA mutations. While the results highlight the ...
Scientists Discover the Role of Gene Mutations Involved in 75% of Glioblastomas and Melanomas
After initiating several biophysical computational studies, researchers have identified mutations that destabilize a DNA structure that turns a gene “off.” They found that these mutations occur at four specific sites in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter in over ...
Higher Levels of Physical Activity Improve Survival Among Men With Prostate Cancer
Men with localized prostate cancer who walked or cycled for 20 minutes or more a day had a 30% decreased overall mortality and a 39% decreased prostate cancer–specific mortality compared with men who spent less time engaging in those activities, a large Swedish study has found. The study...
Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival Linked to Advanced Disease and Comorbidities at Diagnosis
Racial disparities in colon cancer survival rates may be explained by differences in the health of the patients at diagnosis—both in the stage of the cancer and comorbid conditions—rather than by differences in subsequent treatment, a new study has found. Focusing efforts on prevention...
CDK7 Inhibitor Effective in Reducing Small Cell Lung Cancer in Preclinical Study
Although small cell lung cancer is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate, in contrast to other lung carcinomas, there has not been significant progress in the development of therapies for the disease in more than 3 decades. Now, researchers using a high-throughput cellular screen of a...
