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symptom management

Dexamethasone Plus Exercise May Reduce Fatigue in Patients With Advanced Cancer

A novel treatment approach may help to alleviate one of the most common and debilitating symptoms associated with cancer and its treatments—fatigue. According to data presented at the 2019 Supportive Care in Oncology Symposium,1 the combination of short-course dexamethasone plus standardized...

solid tumors

Long-Term Effects of Denosumab in Patients With Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

As reported by Chawla et al in The Lancet Oncology, long-term data from the final analysis of an international phase II study suggest that a favorable risk-benefit ratio is maintained over time with denosumab treatment of patients with giant cell tumor of bone. Benefit of denosumab was indicated in ...

prostate cancer
breast cancer
bladder cancer
pancreatic cancer
kidney cancer
thyroid cancer
gynecologic cancers
immunotherapy

ESMO Congress 2019: Quick Takes From Key Clinical Trials

The ESMO Congress continues to grow as a pivotal platform for research in clinical oncology. At the ESMO Congress 2019, important findings were showcased in more than 2,200 studies, including 93 late-breaking abstracts. The ASCO Post summarized much of that news in separate articles over several...

hepatobiliary cancer

Targeted Treatment Advances in Cholangiocarcinoma

For one of the rarest and most aggressive of tumors—cholangiocarcinoma—two novel molecularly targeted agents yielded encouraging outcomes in advanced disease in studies reported at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2019. In the phase III ClarIDHy trial, the risk of disease...

prostate cancer

Phase III PROfound Study Evaluates Olaparib in Setting of Metastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Treatment with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib delayed disease progression and appears to improve survival, compared with newer hormonal agents in men with pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and homologous recombinant repair (HRR) genetic...

immunotherapy
gynecologic cancers

Expert Point of View: Nicoletta Colombo, MD

The invited discussant of the two trials in cervical and endometrial cancers presented at the ESMO Congress 2019 was Nicoletta Colombo, MD, of the University of Milan-Bicocca in Italy, who commented on what she called “exciting results in cancers with unmet needs.” Dr. Colombo noted: “The studies...

immunotherapy
gynecologic cancers

Immunotherapy Shows Strong Benefit in Two Gynecologic Cancers

In studies reported at the ESMO Congress 2019, immunotherapy yielded encouraging outcomes in two gynecologic cancer populations in need of new treatments, including patients with advanced cervical cancer that is microsatellite-stable and patients previously treated for advanced endometrial cancer.  ...

multiple myeloma

Selinexor Plus Dexamethasone Studied in Triple-Class Refractory Multiple Myeloma

In a phase IIb study (STORM Part 2) reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Ajai Chari, MD, of Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and colleagues found that oral selinexor and dexamethasone were active in some patients with multiple myeloma refractory to prior...

hepatobiliary cancer

Oral Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy May Improve Survival in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus–Related HCC

Data from a new study presented by Dang et al at The Liver Meeting (Abstract 40) found that patients with hepatitis C virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who achieved sustained virologic response (denoting an undetectable level of the virus) with any oral direct-acting antiviral therapy...

hepatobiliary cancer

Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Floxuridine Plus Systemic Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin for Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

In a single-center phase II trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Andrea Cercek, MD, and colleagues found that hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine in combination with systemic gemcitabine/oxaliplatin produced high response and disease control rates and was associated with promising overall survival ...

multiple myeloma

Lenalidomide vs Observation in Asymptomatic Smoldering Multiple Myeloma

In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sagar Lonial, MD, and colleagues found that lenalidomide significantly improved progression-free survival vs observation in patients with intermediate- or high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. As noted by the investigators,...

lung cancer
immunotherapy

CheckMate 227: Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Presents Another Option in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab improved overall survival compared with chemotherapy as first-line therapy for patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of at least 1%, according to the results of CheckMate 227....

lung cancer

Osimertinib Improves Overall Survival vs Gefitinib, Erlotinib in Advanced EGFR-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: FLAURA Phase III Trial

The third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib extended overall survival compared with the older tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to late-breaking final overall survival results of the ...

Expert Point of View: Nicoletta Colombo, MD

The invited discussant of the two trials in cervical and endometrial cancers presented at the ESMO Congress 2019 was Nicoletta Colombo, MD, of the University of Milan-Bicocca in Italy, who commented on what she called “exciting results in cancers with unmet needs.” Dr. Colombo noted: “The studies...

gynecologic cancers
immunotherapy

Checkpoint Inhibitors Benefit Women With Advanced Stages of Cervical, Endometrial Cancers

Immunotherapy studies reported at the ESMO Congress 2019 yielded encouraging outcomes in patients with advanced cervical cancer that is microsatellite-stable and patients previously treated for advanced endometrial cancer. The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab, with two different dosing...

gynecologic cancers

Phase III Trials Suggest Paradigm Shift With PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer

At the ESMO Congress 2019, ovarian cancer was a topic of heightened interest, particularly due to findings reported in several important phase III studies of PARP inhibitors in front-line maintenance therapy for patients with newly diagnosed advanced disease—and not just those with BRCA mutations....

breast cancer
immunotherapy

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Plus Chemotherapy Active in Women With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Immunotherapy has changed the treatment paradigms for melanoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cancer. Now, checkpoint inhibitor therapy is making inroads in triple-negative breast cancer—one of the most difficult-to-treat aggressive types of breast cancer. Late-breaking results of the...

breast cancer

MONALEESA-3, MONARCH 2: CDK4/6 Inhibitors Plus Fulvestrant Benefit Survival in Advanced Breast Cancer

CDK4/6 inhibitors improve overall survival in advanced breast cancer, according to results of two important phase III trials reported at the ESMO Congress 2019. Dennis J. Slamon, MD, PhD, of the University of California, Los Angeles Women’s Cancer Research Program, presented the findings from the...

ESMO Congress 2019 Offers a Global Stage for Important Clinical Data

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2019, held September 27 to October 1 in Barcelona, welcomed clinicians, researchers, journalists, and exhibitors from around the world to hear advances across the oncology spectrum, in both clinical medicine and basic research. For this...

colorectal cancer
geriatric oncology

Short-Term Survival in Patients Aged 85 Years and Older After Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Results from a preliminary research study showed the majority of patients aged 85 years and older were still alive in the short-term after undergoing segmental colectomy for stage II and III colon cancer. Kaur et al presented these findings at the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress...

breast cancer

Prognostic Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Adjuvant Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Priyanka Sharma, MD, and colleagues, biomarker analysis among women with triple-negative breast cancer treated with adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in the SWOG 9313c trial has confirmed a 44-gene DNA damage immune response signature and...

New JCO CCI Article Discusses Difficulties in Gathering Real-World Evidence

A new JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics (JCO CCI) article highlights the challenges in—and need for—obtaining real-world evidence for assessing the effectiveness of precision medicine on areas such as survival, quality of life, cost, and health disparities. The paper, titled “Clinical Molecular...

gynecologic cancers

PRIMA Trial Reports Benefit With Niraparib Across Ovarian Cancer Subsets

In women with advanced ovarian cancer responding to first-line chemotherapy, maintenance therapy with the PARP inhibitor niraparib significantly reduced the risk of disease progression by 38% overall and by 60% in women with BRCA mutations. Even patients without a homologous recombination...

hematologic malignancies

Fedratinib: Back From ­Development Limbo for the Treatment of ­Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

In September 2019, Dr. Claire Harrison and colleagues, myself among them, presented two new analyses regarding the use of the JAK2 and FLT3 inhibitor fedratinib in myelofibrosis at the Society of Hematologic Oncology (SOHO) Annual Meeting, with resulting publication in Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma...

leukemia
lymphoma

Venetoclax for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

On May 15, 2019, venetoclax was approved for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).1,2 Supporting Efficacy Data Approval was based on findings from the open-label phase III CLL14 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov...

pancreatic cancer

Management of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Call for Action

Advances in systemic therapy and supportive care, as well as ongoing improvements in surgical techniques, have led to improved survival for many patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We have observed increased survival with FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan,...

issues in oncology

The Oncology Care Model and Quality of Care: Defining, Measuring, and Implementing New Approaches to Cancer Care

The Oncology Care Model was instituted in 2016 by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation as a move away from the fee-for-service payment model and toward value-based care. It has sparked discussion ever since. How should quality be defined? Whose and what values should it reflect? How...

prostate cancer

Third-Line Cabazitaxel Improves Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Third-line treatment with cabazitaxel extended progression-free survival and overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in the CARD trial. These results provide the first evidence from a randomized phase III trial for a survival benefit with third-line therapy, and ...

gastroesophageal cancer

Nivolumab vs Taxane Therapy in Refractory Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Ken Kato, MD, and colleagues, the phase III ATTRACTION-3 trial conducted in predominantly Asian patients has shown a survival benefit with nivolumab vs paclitaxel or docetaxel in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were refractory to...

head and neck cancer

Remembering Craig Alguire

It is with great sadness that we report Craig Alguire, MD, 42, died on October 11, 2019, at his home in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Diagnosed with grade 4 glioblastoma multiforme in 2015, Dr. Alguire chronicled the effects the cancer was having on his life in his Patient’s Corner column, published in...

FDA Awards Research Grants for the Study of Rare Cancers

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently awarded 12 new clinical trial research grants totaling more than $15 million over the next 4 years, many of them focusing on cancer. Also, the FDA awarded two new research grants for natural history studies in rare diseases, totaling more than...

FDA Approves Luspatercept-aamt for Anemia in Patients With Beta Thalassemia

On November 8, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved luspatercept-aamt (Reblozyl) for the treatment of anemia in adult patients with beta thalassemia who require regular red blood cell transfusions. Beta thalassemia is a blood disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin. In...

gynecologic cancers

Expert Point of View: Mansoor R. Mirza, MD

The time has come to offer all patients a PARP [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase] inhibitor,” said Mansoor R. Mirza, MD, Chief Oncologist at Copenhagen University Hospital and the invited discussant of the VELIA trial at the ESMO Presidential Symposium. He noted, however, that he wasn’t sure veliparib...

gynecologic cancers

Veliparib Plus Chemotherapy Meets Primary Endpoint in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

As first-line treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer, the addition of veliparib during induction followed by veliparib maintenance therapy significantly reduced the risk of disease progression or death in the phase III VELIA/GOG-3005 trial reported at the European Society for Medical...

prostate cancer

2019 NCRI: Higher IGF-1 and Free Testosterone Levels May be Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

Men with higher levels of free (biologically active) testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in their blood are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer, according to research presented by Travis et al at the 2019 National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Cancer Conference....

Addition of Durvalumab to Etoposide Plus Platinum Chemotherapy for Extensive-Stage SCLC

This week, we’ll review an interim analysis of the CASPIAN trial, which evaluated the addition of durvalumab to etoposide plus platinum chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Then, we’ll talk about two recently issued guidelines on screening for colorectal cancer. Lastly, we’ll...

How Patients Add Life to Their Days

The ASCO Post is pleased to reproduce installments of the Art of Oncology as published previously in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. These articles focus on the experience of suffering from cancer or of caring for people diagnosed with cancer, and they include narratives, topical essays,...

issues in oncology
lung cancer

Deep Learning Assists in Detection of Lung Nodule Locations, Characteristics

A computer-aided diagnosis system using deep-learning analysis to detect lung lesion locations and quantitatively characterize the lesions on computed tomography (CT) images offered a fast and convenient approach for assisting radiologists in the diagnosis of lung nodule pathologies. These findings ...

kidney cancer
immunotherapy

Immunotherapy Combinations Redefine Outcomes for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

The treatment landscape for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma has changed drastically over the past several years with the introduction of many new therapeutic options for patients. The revolution began with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of nivolumab and ipilimumab...

kidney cancer

CheckMate 214: Nivolumab/Ipilimumab vs Sunitinib in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Robert J. Motzer, MD, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and colleagues, extended follow-up of the phase III CheckMate 214 trial has shown maintained survival benefit of first-line nivolumab/ipilimumab vs sunitinib among patients with...

LEAD Conference Awards 2019 Woman Oncologist of the Year

Claire Verschraegen, MD, was named the 2019 Woman Oncologist of the Year, and Shikha Jain, MD, FACP, received the 2019 Rising Star award at the first-ever Leadership Empowerment and Development: Enriching Experiences for Women in Hematology and Oncology (LEAD) Conference, hosted by Bio Ascend. An ...

gastrointestinal cancer

Machine-Learning Model May Predict Unplanned Hospitalizations After Radiation Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancer

Unplanned hospitalizations may be common among patients with cancer, but they diminish quality of care while racking up high costs for patients and the health-care system alike. According to data presented at the 2019 ASCO Quality Care Symposium, however, a new predictive model may help providers...

myelodysplastic syndromes

Personalized Treatment Approaches on the Horizon for Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Despite the spate of recent drug approvals in blood cancer, it’s been more than 13 years since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a bone marrow disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. Nevertheless, data from a...

breast cancer

Abemaciclib Benefits Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in monarcHER Trial

Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are associated with a robust benefit in patients with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, but now the monarcHER trial has confirmed their benefit in the HER2-positive population. The new findings were reported at the...

hepatobiliary cancer

Studies Report Efficacy of Proton Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Two new studies published in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics focused on the use of proton radiation therapy to treat patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The first study, by Sanford et al, found that proton radiation may extend overall survival compared to...

Ravi Thadhani, MD, MPH, Named Chief Academic Officer at Partners HealthCare

Ravi Thadhani, MD, MPH, was named Chief Academic Officer at Partners HealthCare, starting November 11, 2019. Dr. Thadhani most recently served as Vice Dean of Research and Graduate Research Education at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Prior to that, he served as Associate Director of...

lung cancer

Lorlatinib in Advanced ROS1-Positive NSCLC

As reported by Alice T. Shaw, MD, and colleagues in The Lancet Oncology, a phase I/II trial has shown overall and intracranial activity of the third-generation ALK and ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lorlatinib in patients with advanced ROS1-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lorlatinib...

solid tumors
immunotherapy

High-Dose Bevacizumab for Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 2 and Progressive Vestibular Schwannomas

In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Plotkin et al found that high-dose bevacizumab induction therapy did not appear to produce better outcomes compared with lower-dose treatment in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and progressive vestibular schwannomas. As...

leukemia

ADMIRAL: Gilteritinib vs Chemotherapy in Relapsed or Refractory FLT3-Mutated AML

As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Perl et al, the phase III ADMIRAL trial showed improved overall survival with the oral FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor gilteritinib vs salvage chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia...

gynecologic cancers

PAOLA-1 Trial: Front-Line Olaparib/Bevacizumab Maintenance Benefits Women With Advanced Ovarian Cancer

In women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, front-line maintenance therapy with olaparib plus bevacizumab reduced the risk of disease progression by 41% overall and by 69% in the subset of patients with BRCA-mutated disease, vs bevacizumab and placebo, in the phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial...

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