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Showing 32001 - 32050New Research Uncovers Key Molecule in Ovarian Cancer
Scientists at Lawson Health Research Institute have uncovered an important new target for ovarian cancer therapy. Contrary to current research, this new study found that LKB1, a molecule that regulates the metabolism of many adult cells, is important in the cancer's promotion and survival. These...
Study Shows Palliative Chemotherapy in Patients With End-Stage Cancer Did Not Improve Quality of Life and May Be Harmful
Although palliative chemotherapy is used to improve quality of life for patients with end-stage cancer, a study evaluating its use found that palliative chemotherapy did not improve quality of life near death for patients with a moderate or poor performance status and that it worsened quality of...
Low Incidence of Infusion-Related Reactions Reported With 30-Minute Ipilimumab Infusion
In a single-institution study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Momtaz et al found that the rate of infusion-related reactions remained acceptably low when ipilimumab (Yervoy) 3 mg/kg was infused over 30 minutes in patients with advanced melanoma. The currently approved dose of...
Study Finds One-Third of Colorectal Cancers Diagnosed Before Age 35 Are Hereditary
Although the prevalence of genetic risk factors, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, has been studied in the general population of individuals with colorectal cancer, patients diagnosed as adolescents and young adults are not well represented in colorectal cancer studies. A...
Adding Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 After Chemoradiation May Improve Pathologic Complete Response Rate in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
In a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Garcia-Aguilar et al found that adding neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 (modified fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, oxaliplatin) after chemoradiation improved the pathologic complete response rate in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing...
Stanford Team Links Gene Expression, Immune System With Cancer Survival Rates
Physicians have long sought a way to accurately predict cancer patients’ survival outcomes by looking at biologic details of the specific cancers they have. Now, researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have compiled a database that integrates gene expression patterns of ...
Trial Shows Molecular Subtypes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma React Differently to Ibrutinib
A clinical trial has shown that patients with a specific molecular subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are more likely to respond to ibrutinib (Imbruvica) than patients with another molecular subtype of the disease. The study was published by Wilson et al in Nature Medicine. In this phase II...
German Study Shows Urea Cream Better Than Antioxidant Ointment in Preventing Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome
In a phase III study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hofheinz et al found that 10% urea cream was better at preventing capecitabine-related hand-foot syndrome than a new ointment (Mapisal) available in Germany that contains several antioxidants and exhibits high radical protection....
No Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Adding VEGF Inhibitor Cediranib to First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
In a UK randomized phase II trial (ABC-03) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Valle et al found that adding the VEGF inhibitor cediranib to first-line cisplatin/gemcitabine did not improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Study Details In the double-blind...
‘Pill on a String’ Could Help Spot Early Signs of Esophageal Cancer
A “pill on a string” developed by researchers at the University of Cambridge could help doctors detect esophageal cancer at an early stage, helping them overcome the problem of wide variation between biopsies, suggests research published by Ross-Innes et al in Nature Genetics. The...
Cancer Diagnosis Among Patients With Diabetes Reduced Adherence to Evidence-Based Diabetes Medications
“A cancer diagnosis among patients with diabetes reduced adherence with evidence-based medications, particularly if patients’ life expectancy was short,” according to a study among Medicare beneficiaries reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice. “These findings emphasize ...
Aggressive Cancer Treatment Near End of Life Persists, Despite Rise in Advance Planning Efforts
In a review of nearly 2,000 surveys with people whose loved ones died of cancer, researchers led by Johns Hopkins School of Medicine experts said they found a 40% increase over a 12-year period in the number of patients with cancer who participated in one form of advance care...
High-Volume Exercise Effectively Cuts Body Fat in Postmenopausal Woman, May Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
A study comparing the effects of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise on body fat in inactive postmenopausal women has found that 300 minutes of vigorous exercise each week was superior in reducing total fat and other adiposity measures, especially in obese women, than shorter amounts of exercise. ...
No Benefit of Adding Gefitinib to Platinum-Based Doublet in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC After Progression on First-Line Gefitinib
In a phase III IMPRESS trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Soria et al found no progression-free survival benefit of adding gefitinib (Iressa) to platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had acquired resistance to...
Circulating DNA and Protein Biomarkers May Be Associated With Benefit of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a retrospective study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Tabernero et al used commercially available BEAMing technology to assess plasma tumor DNA and protein levels in a subgroup of patients from the CORRECT trial of regorafenib (Stivarga) in metastatic colorectal cancer and examined the...
FDA Grants Orphan Drug Designation to Melphalan for Cholangiocarcinoma
Delcath Systems, Inc, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Orphan Products Development has granted Orphan Drug designation to melphalan for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Cholangiocarcinoma is recognized by the FDA as an orphan disease,...
Many Teens and Young Adults With Cancer Use Aggressive End-of-Life Measures
More than two-thirds of adolescents and young adults dying of cancer utilized one or more aggressive interventions in the last month of life, according to a retrospective study from researchers at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Kaiser Permanente Southern...
Study Identifies Mechanism Fueling Growth of Pancreatic and Prostate Cancer Cells
UCLA Jonsson Cancer Center scientists have identified a new mechanism that delivers a key substance that fuels the growth of pancreatic and prostate cancer cells, a finding that offers new hope in the fight against two of the deadliest forms of the disease. Their findings were published by...
Adverse Event Reporting System Indicates Renal Toxic Effects With BRAF Inhibitors Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib
In an analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System data reported in JAMA Oncology, Jhaveri et al found that the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib (Zelboraf) and dabrafenib (Tafinlar) were associated with nephrotoxicity. Their findings suggest a need to monitor renal function and electrolyte levels ...
Psychosocial and Neurocognitive Impairment in Adult Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer
In an analysis from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Prasad et al found evidence of impaired psychosocial and neurocognitive function among long-term cancer survivors diagnosed during adolescence and young adulthood. Risk of Impairment In the...
High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy and Watchful Waiting May Be Alternative to Surgery in Some Patients With Distal Rectal Cancer
In a Danish prospective observational study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Appelt et al found that high-dose chemoradiotherapy and watchful waiting may be an alternative to abdominoperineal resection in some patients with distal rectal cancer. Study Details In the study, 55 patients with...
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing May Also Detect Some Maternal Cancers
A study published by Bianchi et al in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) showed that genetic test results revealed by noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosomal abnormalities may detect underlying conditions in the mother, including cancer. The study reports on a case...
Dietary Intervention May Prime Triple-Negative Breast Cancer for Targeted Therapy
A low-methionine diet that starves triple-negative breast cancer cells of an essential nutrient primes the cancer cells to be more easily killed by a targeted antibody treatment, according to a study published by Strekalova et al in Clinical Cancer Research. The study's senior author, Vincent...
Afatinib Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Erlotinib in Second-Line Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
In the phase III LUX-Lung 8 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Soria et al found that the irreversible ErbB-family inhibitor afatinib (Gilotrif) significantly improved progression-free and overall survival vs the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib as second-line treatment in patients with ...
Successful Preservation of Fertility After Aromatase Inhibitor Treatment and Ovarian Stimulation in Women With Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Oktay et al found that fertility could be preserved in women with breast cancer via embryo freezing after concurrent aromatase inhibitor treatment and ovarian stimulation. In the study, 131 women with stage ≤ III breast cancer underwent...
Combining MRI With Near-Infrared Spectral Tomography Increases Specificity in Breast Imaging
By combining two modalities of imaging, investigators from Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, led by Keith Paulsen, PhD, and collaborators from Xijing Hospital in Xian, China, demonstrated that a dual breast exam using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared spectral tomography is ...
Study Links Leisure Time Sitting to Higher Risk of Specific Cancers and Total Cancer Risk in Women
Spending more leisure time sitting was associated with a higher risk of total cancer risk in women, specifically heightened multiple myeloma, breast, and ovarian cancer risk, according to a new study by the American Cancer Society. The higher risk was present even after taking into account body...
FDA Grants Orphan Drug Designation to Anti‑Tropomyosin Drug for Neuroblastoma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Orphan Drug designation to Novogen Limited’s chemotherapy candidate drug Anisina for neuroblastoma. Anisina is a small molecule belonging to a family of compounds called anti-tropomyosins. It has been designed to inhibit Tpm3.1, a...
No Impact of Bleomycin and Vincristine Discontinuation on Efficacy of BEACOPP in Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma
In an analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD12 and HD15 trials reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Haverkamp et al found that discontinuation of bleomycin and vincristine due to drug-specific adverse effects did not affect efficacy of BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide,...
Belinostat Active in Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
In the phase II BELIEF trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, O’Connor et al found that the pan–histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat (Beleodaq) produced durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The study supported the U.S. Food...
DNA Repair Kinase Identified as Key Driver of Metastasis in Prostate Cancer
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University reported finding a single molecule that appears to be the central regulator driving metastasis in prostate cancer. The study, published by Goodwin et al in Cancer Cell, offers a target for the development of a drug that could prevent metastasis in prostate ...
Smoking Cessation Near Time of Lung Cancer Diagnosis May Improve Survival
Tobacco cessation provided a significant survival benefit for patients with lung cancer who quit smoking shortly before or after diagnosis, despite the severity of the disease. Results of this Roswell Park Cancer Institute–led study were published by Dobson Amato et al in the Journal of...
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Yields Similar Outcomes in Patients With Biopsy-Proven vs Radiographically Diagnosed Early-Stage NSCLC
In patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy, outcomes were similar between patients with biopsy-proven lesions and those with radiographically diagnosed disease, according to a study by Fischer-Valuck et al in Tumori Journal....
Meta-Analysis Indicates Benefit of Adjuvant Trastuzumab in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer With Small Tumors
In a meta-analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, O’Sullivan et al found that adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin) was associated with a significant disease-free and overall survival benefit among patients with early HER2-positive hormone receptor–positive and hormone...
Extended-Field Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Cervical and Endometrial Cancers Does Not Increase Risk of Duodenal Toxicity
Women with cervical or endometrial cancer who require treatment to the para-aortic lymph nodes can safely receive extended-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy without increased risk of duodenal toxicity, according to a study by Xu et al in Practical Radiation Oncology. Extended-Field...
Two-Thirds of Patients With Locally Advanced Laryngeal Cancer Not Receiving Recommended Treatment
Despite findings of previous studies and published guidelines, nearly two-thirds of patients with T4a laryngeal cancer are not receiving a total laryngectomy—the recommended form of treatment—and, as a result, have significantly worse survival rates vs those treated with a total...
Study Finds Breast Cancer Survivors Gain More Weight Than Cancer-Free Women
A prospective study examining weight gain in breast cancer survivors compared with cancer-free women from a familial risk cohort has found that, overall, breast cancer survivors gained significantly more weight than cancer-free women of the same age and menopausal status. According to the study...
FDA Approves Gefitinib for EGFR-Mutated Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved gefitinib (Iressa) for the treatment of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an...
Preclinical Studies Demonstrate Activity of Type II JAK2 Inhibitor in B-Cell ALL
Laboratory and animal tests of the type II inhibitor CHZ868, which stabilizes the kinase domain in an inactive conformation, are showing that the compound is highly potent against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) with CRLF2 rearrangements. When combined with dexamethasone, CHZ868 induced ...
Disparities in Use of Breast-Conserving Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
In a study using National Cancer Data Base data reported in JAMA Surgery, Lautner et al identified several factors associated with the use of breast-conserving therapy in women with early-stage breast cancer, including older age, higher education and income, private insurance, treatment at an...
Treatment With PI3K Inhibitors May Cause Cancers to Become More Aggressive and Metastatic
The enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) appears to be exploited in almost every type of human cancer, making it the focus of considerable interest as a therapeutic target, with many PI3K-inhibiting drugs currently in various stages of clinical development. However, PI3K inhibitors have only ...
Similar Long-Term Outcomes With Robotic vs Traditional Surgery in Patients With Bladder Cancer
In the largest multi-institutional study to date, patients diagnosed with bladder cancer and treated with robot-assisted surgery experienced similar results to those who underwent a traditional open operation, according to research led by scientists at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI). The ...
Diagnosis of Additional Small Breast Cancers Suggests Screening Mammography May Lead to Overdiagnosis
A study of screening mammography across U.S. counties found that “the clearest result of mammography screening is the diagnosis of additional small cancers” but without a “concomitant decline in the detection of larger cancers, which might explain the absence of any significant...
Modeling Indicates Greater Benefit Without Greater Cost for Increased Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate in Colonoscopy Screening
In a study reported in JAMA by Meester et al, microsimulation modeling of data from a U.S. community-based health-care system showed that colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were reduced with increased adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy screening, with no increase in total costs. Study...
Early Relapse of Follicular Lymphoma After R‑CHOP Associated With Increased Mortality
In an analysis from the National LymphoCare Study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Casulo et al found that disease progression within 2 years of diagnosis was associated with increased mortality risk after first-line R-CHOP (rituximab [Rituxan] plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin,...
Addition of Bevacizumab to Standard Chemotherapy Does Not Improve Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer
Final overall survival results of the phase III ICON7 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology by Oza et al indicate no significant increase with the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to standard chemotherapy in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. However, overall survival benefit of...
Early Study Suggests Which Glioblastoma Patients May Benefit From Dasatinib
Clinicians testing the drug dasatinib (Sprycel), approved for several blood cancers, had hoped it would slow the aggressive growth of the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma; however, clinical trials to date have not found any benefit. Researchers at Mayo Clinic, who conducted one of those clinical...
DNA Shed From Head and Neck Tumors Detected in Blood and Saliva
On the hunt for better cancer screening tests, Johns Hopkins scientists led a proof-of-principle study that successfully identified tumor DNA shed in the blood and saliva of 93 patients with head and neck cancer. A report on the findings was published by Wang et al in Science Translational...
Breastfeeding Associated With Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Mortality in Luminal A Subtype
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Kwan et al found that women with basal-like tumors were less likely to have breastfed than those with luminal A tumors and that breastfeeding was associated with a significantly reduced risk of recurrence and breast...
Pembrolizumab Increases Progression-Free Survival vs Chemotherapy in Ipilimumab-Refractory Advanced Melanoma
In the randomized phase II KEYNOTE-002 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Ribas et al found that treatment with the anti–PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab (Keytruda) prolonged progression-free survival vs investigator-choice chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma progressing on...
