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Showing 1851 - 1900Addition of FDG-PET/CT and Staging Laparoscopy to the Initial Staging of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
In a Dutch cohort study (PLASTIC) reported in JAMA Surgery, Gertsen et al found that staging laparoscopy provided more diagnostic information resulting in change of treatment intent than F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in patients with...
Role of Age at Smoking Start and Cessation in Risk of Overall Cancer Mortality Among Current Smokers vs Never-Smokers
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Oncology, Thomson et al found that current smokers had a threefold greater risk of overall cancer mortality between the ages of 25 and 79 years vs never-smokers, with risk being modulated according to age at smoking initiation and age at cessation in ...
Do Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With a Previous Cancer Diagnosis Have High Cure Probabilities?
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Engels et al found that patients with a previous cancer diagnosis who underwent solid organ transplantation had high cancer cure probabilities. Additionally, posttransplantation cancer-specific survival was associated with cancer cure...
Characteristics, Effects, and Outcomes of SARS–CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients With Cancer
In an article published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Emily E. Johnston, MD, MS, and colleagues detailed characteristics, effects on cancer treatment, and outcomes of SARS–CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients with cancer based on data from The Pediatric Oncology COVID-19 Case Report...
Primary Transoral Surgery and Reduced-Dose Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for HPV-Positive Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Robert L. Ferris, MD, PhD, and colleagues, the phase II ECOG-ACRIN E3311 trial has shown high progression-free survival rates and good functional outcomes in patients with intermediate-risk human papillomavirus (HPV; p16)-positive locally advanced...
Five-Year Follow-up of Olaparib Maintenance for Newly Diagnosed Patients With Advanced BRCA-Mutant Ovarian Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Susana Banerjee, MBBS, PhD, and colleagues, 5-year follow-up of the pivotal phase III SOLO-1/GOG 3004 trial has shown a median progression-free survival of 56 months with maintenance olaparib following response to platinum-based chemotherapy in newly diagnosed...
Definitive Radiotherapy Without Systemic Therapy for Oligometastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
In a single-center phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Tang et al found that definitive radiotherapy in place of systemic therapy was feasible and effective for the treatment of oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma. As stated by the investigators, “The role of radiotherapy in metastatic ...
Modified FOLFIRINOX vs Cisplatin/Gemcitabine for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
In the phase II portion of a French phase II/III trial (PRODIGE 38 AMEBICA) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Phelip et al found that modified (m) FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, leucovorin, and fluorouracil) did not improve 6-month progression-free survival vs the combination of...
Overall Survival With Laparoscopic vs Open Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
As reported in JAMA Surgery by Huang et al, the Chinese phase III CLASS-01 trial has shown no difference in 5-year overall survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic vs open distal gastrectomy. The previously reported primary analysis of the trial showed no ...
Hepatic Arterial Infusion of FOLFOX vs Transarterial Chemoembolization for Unresectable Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In a Chinese phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Li et al found that hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin; FOLFOX-HAIC) improved overall survival vs transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as first-line treatment for...
Integrated Molecular-Morphologic Risk Predictor for Recurrence of Meningioma
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Maas et al developed a novel integrated molecular-morphologic risk classification score that improved prediction of disease recurrence in patients with meningioma. Study Details The study involved DNA methylation, copy-number, and mutation...
Rates of Occult Gastric Carcinoma in Patients With Hereditary Lobular Breast Cancer Due to CDH1 Genetic Variants
In a single-institution prospective cohort study reported in JAMA Surgery, Gamble et al found that patients with hereditary lobular breast cancer due to CDH1 variants also had a high prevalence of occult signet ring cell gastric carcinoma. Study Details The study involved 283 patients from 151...
First-Round Results of Prostate Cancer Screening for Men With Pathogenic Variants in Mismatch Repair Genes
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Bancroft et al, the first round of prostate cancer screening in the IMPACT study of men with pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes showed an increased risk of prostate cancer in carriers of MSH2 and MSH6 variants compared with noncarrier controls. As...
Survey of U.S. Oncologists on Genetic Counseling and Testing for Black Women With Breast Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Ademuyiwa et al, a survey of U.S. breast oncologists showed that physicians believe that Black women with breast cancer face more barriers to genetic counseling and testing compared to White women with breast cancer. Study Details The study...
Addition of Enasidenib to Azacitidine in Newly Diagnosed IDH2-Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Courtney D. DiNardo, MD, and colleagues, an interim analysis of the phase II portion of a phase Ib/II trial (AG221-AML-005) showed that the addition of the oral mutant IDH2 protein inhibitor enasidenib to azacitidine significantly improved overall response rate ...
Nivolumab for Relapsed Malignant Mesothelioma: Improvements in Progression-Free and Overall Survival
In the phase III CONFIRM trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Dean A. Fennell, FRCP, PhD, and colleagues found that nivolumab improved progression-free and overall survival vs placebo in patients with relapsed malignant mesothelioma. In October 2020, the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab...
Addition of Vincristine, Topotecan, and Cyclophosphamide to Five-Drug Interval-Compressed Chemotherapy for Ewing Sarcoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Leavey et al, the phase III Children’s Oncology Group AEWS1031 trial showed no improvement in event-free or overall survival with the addition of vincristine, topotecan, and cyclophosphamide (VTC) to standard five-drug interval-compressed...
Baseline Health-Related Quality of Life and Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Cancer
In an analysis of SWOG clinical trials reported in JCO Oncology Practice, David Hui, MD, MS, MSc, and colleagues found that better baseline health-related quality of life was associated with better survival outcomes in patients with advanced cancer. Study Details The study involved a review of...
Is Cabozantinib Active in Treating Brain Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma?
In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Oncology, Hirsch et al found that cabozantinib showed substantial activity in treating brain metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma. As stated by the investigators, “Patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma have been...
Zanubrutinib for Relapsed or Refractory Marginal Zone Lymphoma
On September 14, 2021, the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor zanubrutinib was granted accelerated approval for adults with relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) who have had at least one prior anti-CD20–based regimen.1 Supporting Efficacy Data Approval was based on findings in the...
Mobocertinib for Previously Treated Advanced NSCLC With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations
On September 15, 2021, the kinase inhibitor mobocertinib was granted accelerated approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adults with locally advanced or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test,...
Ruxolitinib for Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease After Failure of Systemic Therapy
On September 22, 2021, ruxolitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 was granted approval for treatment of chronic graft-vs-host disease after failure of one or two lines of systemic therapy in adult and pediatric patients aged ≥ 12 years.1 Supporting Efficacy Data Approval was...
Noninferior Progression-Free Survival and Reduced Cardiovascular Toxicity With Acalabrutinib vs Ibrutinib in Previously Treated CLL
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by John C. Byrd, MD, of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, and colleagues, the phase III ELEVATE-RR trial has shown noninferior progression-free survival with the more-selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor...
Cabozantinib for Previously Treated Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
On September 17, 2021, cabozantinib was approved for adult and pediatric patients aged ≥ 12 years with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer progressing after VEGFR-targeted therapy and who are ineligible or refractory to radioactive iodine.1 Cabozantinib inhibits the...
Tisotumab Vedotin-tftv in Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer
On September 20, 2021, tisotumab vedotin-tftv, a tissue factor-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate, was granted accelerated approval for the treatment of adults with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer who have had disease progression on or after chemotherapy.1 Supporting...
Financial Toxicity Associated With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Both in U.S. Adult Patients
In a study of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data reported in JACC: CardioOncology, Javier Valero-Elizondo, MD, MPH, of Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, and colleagues, found that U.S. adult patients aged 18 to < 65 years with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease...
Overall Survival in the MAIA Trial: Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Newly Diagnosed Transplant-Ineligible Patients With Multiple Myeloma
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Thierry Facon, MD, and colleagues, an interim analysis of overall survival in the pivotal phase III MAIA trial has shown a significant benefit with the addition of daratumumab to lenalidomide/dexamethasone in newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible patients with ...
Addition of Liposomal Irinotecan to Fluorouracil and Leucovorin as Second-Line Treatment for Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer
In a Korean phase IIb trial (NIFTY) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Yoo et al found that the addition of liposomal irinotecan to fluorouracil/leucovorin improved progression-free survival as a second-line treatment for patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer whose disease had progressed on...
Risk-Based Treatment of Pediatric and Young Adult Synovial Sarcoma
In a report from the Children’s Oncology Group ARST0332 study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Venkatamani et al found that risk-based treatment of pediatric and young adult patients with synovial sarcoma produced favorable outcomes in those with nonmetastatic disease. Outcomes in...
Activity of Nab-sirolimus in Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors
In the phase II AMPECT trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Wagner et al found that the mTOR inhibitor nab-sirolimus produced a substantial rate of durable responses and a high disease control rate in patients with malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors. As stated by the...
Development of a Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model for Black Women in the United States
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Julie R. Palmer, ScD, and colleagues have developed and validated a risk prediction model for invasive breast cancer in Black women in the United States. Study Details For the development of the model, breast cancer relative and attributable risks...
Pharmacovigilance Study of Pancytopenia in Patients Receiving PARP Inhibitors
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Oncology, Morice et al found that pancytopenia was associated with use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for cancer treatment, according to drug adverse event reports in the World Health Organization global pharmacovigilance database...
Relationship Between Preexisting TP53 CHIP Variants and Risk of Secondary Myeloid Neoplasms in High-Grade Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Kwan et al found that preexisting TP53 clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) variants were associated with increased risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms in patients receiving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy with rucaparib...
Mobocertinib for Platinum-Pretreated Patients With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion–Positive Metastatic NSCLC
In a phase I/II trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Caicun Zhou, PhD, MD, and colleagues found that mobocertinib, a first-in-class oral kinase inhibitor, produced durable responses in platinum-pretreated patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion–positive metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The...
Nivolumab/Low-Dose Ipilimumab Produces Responses in Patients With MSI-H/dMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Heinz-Josef Lenz, MD, and colleagues, in the phase II CheckMate 142 trial, first-line treatment with nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab produced a high rate of durable responses in a cohort of patients who had received no prior treatment for...
Efficacy of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Girls in India Against Persistent HPV-16/18 Infection: 10-Year Protection Analysis
In a prospective cohort study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Partha Basu, MD, and colleagues found that a single dose of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine given to girls in India provided 10-year protection equal to two or three doses against persistent infection with HPV types 16...
Primary Tumor Resection Followed by Systemic Treatment vs Systemic Treatment Alone in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: 60-Day Mortality
As reported in JAMA Surgery by van der Kruijssen et al, 60-day post–random assignment mortality results in the Danish/Dutch phase III CAIRO4 trial showed higher rates of mortality in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who received primary tumor resection plus systemic treatment vs those...
First-Line Fulvestrant/Palbociclib vs Letrozole/Palbociclib for Endocrine-Sensitive, HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
In the phase II PARSIFAL trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, MD, and colleagues found that the combination of fulvestrant plus palbociclib did not improve progression-free survival vs letrozole plus palbociclib in women with advanced endocrine-sensitive, hormone receptor...
Global Analysis of National Health System Characteristics and Breast Cancer Mortality and Stage at Diagnosis
In a global population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Duggan et al identified national health system characteristics associated with reduced breast cancer mortality, including higher Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index (UHC Index) rating and increased number of public...
Ibrutinib vs Placebo Following Achievement of Undetectable MRD With First-Line Ibrutinib/Venetoclax in CLL
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by William G. Wierda, MD, PhD, and colleagues, findings in the measurable residual disease (MRD) cohort of the phase II CAPTIVATE study indicated a high disease-free survival rate with placebo and no significant benefit of continued ibrutinib in...
FDA Perspective on Drug-Dosing in Oncology: From ‘More Is Better’ to ‘Less Can Be More’
In a perspective article published in The New England Journal of Medicine entitled “The Drug-Dosing Conundrum in Oncology—When Less Is More,” four authors from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) argue for the need to jettison the “more is better” paradigm in dose selection for oncology...
Abiraterone for Castration-Resistant, Androgen Receptor–Expressing Salivary Gland Cancer
In an Italian single-institution phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Locati et al found that abiraterone acetate showed activity in patients with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-resistant, androgen receptor (AR)-overexpressing salivary gland carcinoma. As stated by the...
Final Analysis of iNNOVATE: Addition of Ibrutinib to Rituximab for Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Buske et al, the final analysis of the pivotal phase III iNNOVATE trial has shown a continued progression-free survival benefit with the addition of ibrutinib to rituximab in patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia after 50 months of...
Nodal Recurrence With Sentinel Node Biopsy Alone Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Node-Positive Breast Cancer
In a single-center cohort study reported in JAMA Oncology, Barrio et al evaluated nodal recurrence rates in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for biopsy-proven node-positive disease. The investigators found an extremely low incidence of nodal...
Genomic Profiling of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Never-Smokers vs Smokers
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Devarakonda et al found that never-smokers with lung adenocarcinoma had a high frequency of RTK/RAS/RAF pathway driver alterations—similar to smokers with lung adenocarcinoma—but also harbored a significantly higher total frequency of...
Characteristics of Genomically Targeted Single-Patient Use Requests for Pediatric Cancers
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sabnis et al analyzed characteristics of genomically targeted single-patient use requests for investigational agents for the treatment of pediatric cancers. These requests were made from pediatric cancer programs over a 5-year period. As...
International Study of the Effects of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Planned Cancer Surgeries
In a prospective cohort study reported in The Lancet Oncology, members of the COVIDSurg Collaborative found that substantial proportions of patients did not undergo planned surgery for cancer in regions with moderate or full COVID-19–related lockdowns. Study Details The study included 20,006...
Risk of Cancer in Children With Fanconi Anemia and Ataxia-Telangiectasia
In a German nationwide register-based cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Dutzmann et al found that risk of developing cancer by age 18 exceeded 10% in children with Fanconi anemia or ataxia-telangiectasia. Study Details The study involved data on 421 patients with Fanconi...
Is Baseline Brain White Matter Microstructure Associated With Cognitive Decline After Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer?
In a Dutch study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, de Ruiter et al found that white matter microstructure at baseline was associated with cognitive decline after chemotherapy for breast cancer. Study Details The study included 49 patients with breast cancer who received...
ACIS Trial: Addition of Apalutamide to Abiraterone Acetate/Prednisone for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Fred Saad, MD, FRCS, and colleagues, the phase III ACIS trial has shown that the addition of apalutamide to abiraterone acetate and prednisone significantly prolonged radiographic progression–free survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate...
