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issues in oncology

Primary Care Intervention to Improve Follow-up of Overdue Abnormal Cancer Screening Test Results

In a study reported in JAMA, Atlas et al found that a primary care intervention including electronic health record (EHR) reminders and patient outreach with or without patient navigation improved timeliness of follow-up of overdue abnormal cancer screening test results. Study Details The open-label ...

cardio-oncology

Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk of Subsequent Incident Cancer Diagnosis

In a retrospective cohort study reported in JACC: CardioOncology, Caitlin F. Bell, MD, of the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and colleagues found that persons with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were more likely to have a subsequent...

genomics/genetics
survivorship

Germline Cancer-Predisposing Variants and Increased Risk of Late Mortality From Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms in Long-Term Childhood Cancer Survivors

In an analysis from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE) and Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Chen et al found that among long-term survivors of childhood cancers, carriers of germline cancer-predisposing variants were at an increased risk of late mortality...

lung cancer

Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence Among Women and Men in the United States

In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Oncology, Jemal et al found that rates of lung cancer declined more in men vs women in the United States in recent years, such that incidence is now higher in women vs men aged ≤ 55 years. As stated by the investigators, “A previous study from the...

hepatobiliary cancer

Tislelizumab vs Sorafenib in First-Line Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

In the phase III RATIONALE-301 trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Shukui Qin, MD, PhD, and colleagues found that tislelizumab was noninferior to sorafenib in terms of overall survival as first-line treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Study Details In the open-label...

sarcoma

Efficacy of Radiotherapy in Rhabdomyosarcoma

In an analysis of data from two clinical trials and a soft-tissue sarcoma registry reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Koscielniak et al identified which patients aged ≤ 21 years with localized rhabdomyosarcoma appeared to derive benefit from radiation therapy. Study Details The study...

issues in oncology

Blood-Based Testing for Multicancer Early Detection

In a prospective cohort study (PATHFINDER) reported in The Lancet, Deb Schrag, MD, MPH, FASCO, and colleagues evaluated the performance of blood-based testing for multicancer early detection in adults without signs or symptoms of cancer.  As stated by the investigators, “Multicancer early detection ...

lymphoma

CNS Prophylaxis With High-Dose Methotrexate in High-Risk Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma

In a retrospective study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lewis et al found that prophylactic high-dose methotrexate did not appear to offer a clinically meaningful reduction in risk of central nervous system (CNS) disease progression in patients with high-risk aggressive B-cell...

leukemia
issues in oncology
symptom management

Do Low- and Moderate-Grade Adverse Events Affect Rates of Treatment Discontinuation in CLL?

In an analysis from the phase III ECOG/ACRIN E1912 trial in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, O’Connell et al found that grade 1 and 2 adverse events were significant contributors to patient-reported side-effects bother, with grade 2 events being...

lung cancer

Addition of Berzosertib to Topotecan in Relapsed SCLC

In a phase II trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Takahashi et al found that the addition of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase inhibitor berzosertib to topotecan did not improve progression-free survival in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, an overall ...

supportive care

Rates of VTE Chemoprophylaxis Prescriptions and VTE Diagnosis After Major Cancer Surgery

In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Network Open, Logan et al found that inpatient venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis prescription rates were high and postsurgical VTE rates were low among U.S. veterans undergoing major cancer surgery. Study Details The study included 30,039 ...

breast cancer
genomics/genetics

Prophylactic Salpingo-Oophorectomy and Survival After Resection of Germline BRCA1/2-Mutant Breast Cancer

In an Italian single-institution retrospective study reported in JAMA Surgery, Martelli et al found that prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was associated with improved overall survival in patients who had undergone resection of germline BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer. Study Details The study...

colorectal cancer

Rectal Cancer Managed by Watch-and-Wait Strategy: Validation of Immunoscore Biopsy

In an international validation study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, El Sissy et al found that the Immunoscore biopsy was capable of distinguishing risk of disease recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with a watch-and-wait strategy. As stated by the investigators, “No...

prostate cancer
genomics/genetics

Germline Variants and Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer

In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Darst et al identified germline genetic variants that were associated with increased risk of aggressive vs nonaggressive prostate cancer. As stated by the investigators, “Germline gene panel testing is recommended for men with advanced prostate cancer or a...

solid tumors
immunotherapy
gynecologic cancers
gastroesophageal cancer
hepatobiliary cancer

Cadonilimab, an Anti–PD-1/CTLA-4 Bispecific Antibody, for Advanced Solid Tumors

In a Chinese phase 1b/II trial (COMPASSION-03) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Gao et al found that the anti–PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody cadonilimab showed activity in previously treated patients with a range of advanced solid tumors, including advanced cervical cancer, esophageal squamous...

lung cancer

Adjuvant Canakinumab in Completely Resected NSCLC

In the phase III CANOPY-A trial reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Edward B. Garon, MD, and colleagues found that adjuvant therapy with the interleukin (IL)-1β pathway inhibitor canakinumab did not significantly improve disease-free survival vs placebo in patients with completely resected...

issues in oncology

Patterns in Early-Onset Cancer in the United States From 2010 to 2019

In a study using SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) registry data reported in JAMA Network Open, Daniel Q. Huang, MBBS, MMED, of the National University of Singapore, and colleagues found that the incidence of cancer among U.S. persons up to age 50 (early-onset cancer) increased...

skin cancer

Melphalan-Based Liver-Directed Therapy for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma

On August 14, 2023, the Hepzato Kit—melphalan for injection/hepatic delivery system—was approved as a liver-directed treatment for adults with uveal melanoma with unresectable hepatic metastases affecting less than 50% of the liver.1 Patients must have either no extrahepatic disease or extrahepatic ...

multiple myeloma

Accelerated Approval Granted for Use of Elranatamab-bcmm in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

On August 14, 2023, the bispecific B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CD3 T-cell engager elranatamab-bcmm was granted accelerated approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior lines of...

breast cancer

HER3-Expressing Metastatic Breast Cancer: Patritumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated Patients

In a Japanese-U.S. phase I/II trial (U31402-A-J101) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ian E. Krop, MD, PhD, and colleagues found that the HER3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) produced durable responses in previously treated patients with HER3-expressing ...

solid tumors

Pertuzumab/Trastuzumab for Nonindicated HER2-Altered Advanced Solid Tumors: MyPathway Update

In an updated analysis of a cohort in the phase IIa MyPathway study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Christopher J. Sweeney, MBBS, and colleagues described outcomes with the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab in nonindicated HER2-altered advanced solid tumors.  As stated by the ...

lung cancer

Individualized SABR for Lung Tumors

In a phase II study (iSABR) reported in JAMA Oncology, Gensheimer et al found that individualized stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for up to four lung cancer tumors was associated with a high degree of local control and the ability to minimize radiation doses. Study Details Two hundred and ...

breast cancer

Small Breast Cancer: Omission of Axillary Surgery vs Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

In a noninferiority phase III trial (SOUND) reported in JAMA Oncology, Gentilini et al found that no axillary surgery was noninferior to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in terms of distant disease–free survival among patients with small breast cancer and negative findings on preoperative...

multiple myeloma

Isa-KrD for Transplant-Eligible and -Ineligible High-Risk Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

In an interim analysis of a German phase II trial (MMG-CONCEPT) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Leypoldt et al found that Isa-KrD (isatuximab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) produced high rates of measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity newly diagnosed patients...

head and neck cancer

Addition of Lapatinib to Chemoradiotherapy in Non–HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer

In a phase II trial (RTOG 3501, TRYHARD) reported in JAMA Oncology, Wong et al found that the addition of lapatinib to chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin did not appear to improve progression-free survival in front-line therapy for stage III to IV non–human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck...

breast cancer

ShortHER Update: 10-Year Survival Outcomes With 9 Weeks vs 1 Year of Adjuvant Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by PierFranco Conte, MD, PhD, and colleagues, the final analysis of the Italian phase III noninferiority ShortHER trial showed little difference in 10-year disease-free survival and overall survival with 9 weeks vs 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab in...

prostate cancer

Addition of SBRT to Abiraterone Acetate in Oligometastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

In an Italian phase II trial (ARTO) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Francolini et al found that the addition of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to first-line abiraterone acetate and prednisone resulted in a significantly higher rate of biochemical response among patients...

hepatobiliary cancer

Tucatinib/Trastuzumab for Previously Treated Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Nakamura et al, findings in a cohort of the phase II SGNTUC-019 basket study showed that tucatinib plus trastuzumab was active in previously treated patients with HER2-positive metastatic biliary tract cancer who had not received prior...

issues in oncology
solid tumors

Prophylactic Radiation for High-Risk Asymptomatic Bone Metastases

In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Erin F. Gillespie, MD, MPH, and colleagues found that prophylactic radiotherapy in patients with high-risk asymptomatic bone metastases from solid tumors reduced the risk of skeletal-related events compared with standard of care. A...

issues in oncology
survivorship

Postdiagnosis Exercise and Mortality Risk Among Patients With Cancer

In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lavery et al found that long-term cancer survivors who engaged in postdiagnosis exercise consistent with national guidelines had reduced all-cause mortality, with reductions seen in both cancer and noncancer mortality. Key Findings The study...

lung cancer
gastrointestinal cancer
supportive care

Ambulatory Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With Lung and Gastrointestinal Cancers

In an Australian phase III trial (TARGET-TP) reported in JAMA Oncology, Alexander et al found that ambulatory thromboprophylaxis reduced the risk of thromboembolic events in patients starting systemic therapy for lung or gastrointestinal cancer who were at elevated risk of thrombosis. Study ...

issues in oncology

Effect of Travel Time and Distance to Cancer Center on Participation of Patients in Genotype-Matched Trials

In a Japanese study reported in JAMA Network Open, Uehara et al found that travel time to the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH) in Tokyo affected the participation of referred patients with cancer in genotype-matched clinical trials. Study Details The retrospective cohort study, performed...

gastroesophageal cancer
gastrointestinal cancer
immunotherapy

Quality of Life With Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric/GEJ Cancer or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Markus Moehler, MD, and colleagues found that in the phase III CheckMate 649 trial, the addition of nivolumab to chemotherapy was associated with generally better patient-reported health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with advanced...

cns cancers
genomics/genetics

First-Line Dabrafenib/Trametinib in Pediatric BRAF V600–Mutated Low-Grade Glioma

In a phase II trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Eric Bouffet, MD, and colleagues found that the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib produced a higher objective response rate vs standard chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of pediatric patients with low-grade glioma...

leukemia

Carfilzomib and Lenalidomide–Based Therapy in Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia

In a European phase II trial (EMN12/HOVON-129) reported in The Lancet Oncology, van de Donk et al found that the incorporation of carfilzomib and lenalidomide into induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapies was associated with good outcomes in both younger and older patients with primary...

lung cancer

DESTINY-Lung02: T-DXd for HER2-Mutant Metastatic NSCLC

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Goto et al, primary results of the phase II DESTINY-Lung02 trial have shown activity of fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (T-DXd) in patients with HER2-mutant metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with platinum-containing...

gynecologic cancers

Addition of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy to Interval Cytoreductive Surgery in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Aronson et al, the final survival analysis of the Dutch-Belgian phase III OVHIPEC-1 trial showed that the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to interval cytoreductive surgery was associated with maintained progression-free and overall ...

breast cancer

Hypofractionated vs Conventional Fractionated Proton Radiotherapy After Mastectomy for Breast Cancer

In a phase II trial (MC1631) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Robert W. Mutter, MD, and colleagues found that the 24-month complication rate associated with hypofractionated proton postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) was not noninferior to standard fractionated PMRT in patients undergoing mastectomy ...

head and neck cancer
genomics/genetics

Personalized Biomarker-Based Umbrella Trial in Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC

In a Korean phase II trial (KCSG HN 15-16 TRIUMPH) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Keam et al described results of a personalized biomarker-driven umbrella trial for the treatment of patients with platinum-refractory recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma...

gynecologic cancers

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery vs Standard Chemoradiation for Cervical Cancer

In the phase III EORTC-55994 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kenter et al found no significant difference in overall survival with  neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery vs standard concomitant chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage IB2 to IIB cervical cancer.    Study...

lung cancer

Adjuvant Pemetrexed/Cisplatin vs Vinorelbine/Cisplatin in Stage II–IIIA Nonsquamous NSCLC

In a 5-year analysis of the Japanese phase III JIPANG trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kenmotsu et al found no significant differences in overall or recurrence-free survival with adjuvant pemetrexed/cisplatin vs vinorelbine/cisplatin in patients with stage II–IIIA nonsquamous...

leukemia

Magrolimab Plus Azacitidine in Previously Untreated Patients With AML Ineligible for Intensive Chemotherapy

In a phase Ib study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Naval G. Daver, MD, and colleagues found that the combination of the anti-CD47 antibody magrolimab and azacitidine was active in previously untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were ineligible for intensive...

solid tumors

Testicular Cancer: Surveillance vs Chemotherapy After Postchemotherapy RPLND Shows Viable Residual Cancer

In a retrospective study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Antonelli et al found no difference in outcomes with postsurgical surveillance vs adjuvant chemotherapy after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) showed viable nonteratomatous germ cell tumor in patients who had...

multiple myeloma

Accelerated Approval Granted for Talquetamab-tgvs in Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

On August 9, 2023, the bispecific GPRC5D (G protein–coupled receptor, class C, group 5)-directed CD3 T-cell engager talquetamab-tgvs was granted accelerated approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at...

prostate cancer

Fixed-Dose Niraparib and Abiraterone Plus Prednisone in BRCA-Mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

On August 11, 2023, the fixed-dose combination of the PARP inhibitor niraparib and the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate plus prednisone was approved for patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA-mutated castration-resistant prostate cancer, as determined by a U.S. Food and Drug...

lung cancer

HERTHENA-Lung01: Patritumab Deruxtecan for Advanced EGFR-Mutant NSCLC

In the phase II HERTHENA-Lung01 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Helena Yu, MD, and colleagues found that patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), a new anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate, showed activity in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

kidney cancer

First-Line Pembrolizumab Plus Lenvatinib Active in Advanced Non–Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

In a phase II trial (KEYNOTE-B61) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Laurence Albiges, MD, PhD, of Gustave Roussy, Paris–Saclay University, Villejuif, France, and colleagues found that first-line pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib produced durable responses in patients with advanced non–clear cell renal...

pancreatic cancer

First-Line NALIRIFOX vs Nab-paclitaxel/Gemcitabine in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: NAPOLI-3

As reported in The Lancet by Zev A. Wainberg, MD, and colleagues, the phase III NAPOLI-3 trial has shown a modest but significant improvement in overall survival with first-line NALIRIFOX (liposomal irinotecan, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil) vs nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients ...

breast cancer

Effect of Diet and Exercise Intervention on Chemotherapy Dose Intensity, Response Rate Among Patients With Breast Cancer

In the LEANer study, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Tara Sanft, MD, and colleagues, researchers found that an exercise and nutrition intervention did not improve relative dose intensity (RDI) among patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, but did...

prostate cancer

Addition of Olaparib to Abiraterone in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Overall Survival Results in the PROpel Trial

As reported by Fred Saad, MD, and colleagues in The Lancet Oncology, the final prespecified overall survival analysis of the phase III PROpel trial showed no significant benefit with the addition of first-line olaparib to abiraterone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer...

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