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Showing 19051 - 19100No Difference in Event-Free Survival With Stem Cell Transplantation Using Matched Unrelated vs Sibling Donor Grafts in Children With ALL
In a European trial (Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster study group trial ALL-SCT-BFM 2003) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Peters et al found no difference in event-free survival with stem cell transplantation using matched unrelated vs sibling donors in pediatric patients with high-risk...
Measuring Minimal Residual Disease Levels Proves to Be a Powerful Tool for Guiding Leukemia Treatment
According to a prospective study led by researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, measuring the concentration of leukemia cells in patient bone marrow during the first 46 days of chemotherapy may help boost survival of young leukemia patients by better matching patients with the right...
European Retrospective Study Shows Activity of Crizotinib in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma With ROS1 Rearrangement
In a retrospective study in the European EUROS1 cohort reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mazières found that crizotinib (Xalkori) treatment was associated with an 80% response rate in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with ROS1 rearrangement. Study Details The study...
Nivolumab Shows Activity in Advanced, Refractory Squamous NSCLC
In the phase II CheckMate 063 study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Rizvi et al found that the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab (Opdivo) produced durable responses in some patients with advanced, refractory squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had received at least two prior treatments....
Addition of Aprepitant to Ondansetron Effective in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients
In a phase III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Kang et al found that adding aprepitant to ondansetron with or without dexamethasone was effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Study...
New Breast Cancer Test Links Immune ‘Hotspots’ to Better Survival
Scientists have developed a new test that predicts the survival chances of women with breast cancer by analyzing images of “hotspots” where there has been a fierce immune reaction to a tumor. Using statistical software previously used in criminology studies of crime hotspots,...
NIH-Funded Study Suggests Novel Strategy to Improve Vaccine Efficacy in the Treatment of Glioblastoma
Although dendritic cell–based immunotherapy has shown limited promise in the treatment of patients with advanced cancers, including glioblastoma, the factors dictating dendritic cell–based vaccine efficacy have been poorly understood. Now, a clinical trial funded by the National...
Breast Cancer Risk May Increase in Women Who Have First-Degree Relatives With a History of Prostate Cancer
Having a family history of prostate cancer among first-degree relatives may increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. Researchers from multiple institutions published their findings in a study by Beebe-Dimmer et al in Cancer. The study's results indicate that clinicians should take a...
Outcomes of Phase II Basket Trial of Molecular Profiling and Targeted Therapy in Advanced Thoracic Malignancies
In a basket trial (CUSTOM) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lopez-Chavez et al performed molecular profiling of tumors in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer, or thymic malignancies and assigned those in any of five actionable...
Maintenance Sunitinib Improves Progression-Free Survival in Phase II Trial in Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
In the randomized phase II Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 30504/Alliance trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ready et al found that sunitinib (Sutent) vs placebo maintenance following chemotherapy improved progression-free survival in patients with previously untreated...
Annual ASCO Report Shows Widespread Disturbance in Oncology Practice, Amid Growing Patient Demand and Administrative Burden
The U.S. cancer care system faces tremendous turbulence while dealing with growing numbers of cancer patients and survivors, mounting pressures to control rising health-care costs, and widespread oncology practice transformation, reports a new study by the American Society of Clinical Oncology...
NCCN Publishes New Guidelines for Smoking Cessation
Tobacco-related diseases are the most preventable cause of death worldwide; smoking cessation leads to improvement in cancer treatment outcomes, as well as decreased tumor recurrence. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2015, nearly 171,000 of the estimated 589,430 cancer deaths in the...
Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy at High-Volume Facilities Improves Survival for NSCLC
Patients treated with definitive concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy for stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have longer overall survival when treated by highly experienced facilities, whether or not they are academic or community cancer centers. Researchers from the Yale...
Study Finds Lycopene May Be Associated With Lower Risk for Kidney Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
A higher intake by postmenopausal women of lycopene, an antioxidant found in foods like tomatoes, watermelon, and papaya, may lower the risk of renal cell carcinoma, a type of kidney cancer. A study describing these findings was published by Ho et al in Cancer. In 2014, 63,920 estimated new cases...
Clinical Trial Suggests Temozolomide-Based Chemoradiation Is Best for Low-Grade Brain Tumors
New clinical trial findings provide further evidence that combining chemotherapy with radiation therapy is the best treatment for people with a low-grade form of brain cancer. The findings come from a phase II study co-led by a researcher at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer...
Similar Local Recurrence Rates But Increased Distant Metastases With Adjuvant Localized vs Whole-Brain Radiotherapy in Patients With Brain Metastases
In patients who had undergone surgery for brain metastases, the rate of recurrence at the resected site was similar between patients who received adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy vs those who underwent adjuvant localized radiotherapy, according to a retrospective study by Hsieh et al in the...
Durable Responses at 3-Year Follow-up for CLL Patients Receiving Single-Agent Ibrutinib
At a median follow-up of 3 years, ibrutinib (Imbruvica) demonstrated continued activity with durable responses that improved in quality with extended treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In addition, grade 3 toxicity and adverse events leading to discontinuation diminished ...
EGFR L858R Mutation in Circulating Free DNA From Blood Samples of Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Shown to Be Negative Prognostic Marker
Using a novel polymerase chain reaction assay “to efficiently assess” epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) from blood samples of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the Spanish Lung Cancer Group has “shown...
Age-Stratified Predictive Model May Provide Surgical Guidelines for Uterine Leiomyomas
A study by Brohl et al investigating the case incidence of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma (fibroids or myomas) has found that the risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma varies significantly across age groups, with a more than fivefold difference between the...
New Analysis Reports Increased Risk of Thyroid Cancer After Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing thyroid cancer, especially within 5 years of their breast cancer diagnosis, according to a new analysis of a large national database. The study results were presented at the Endocrine Society's 97th Annual Meeting. “Recognition of...
AACR Names Nancy E. Davidson, MD, President-Elect for 2015-2016
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) today announced the election of Nancy E. Davidson, MD, Director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC CancerCenter in Pittsburgh, as its President-Elect for 2015–2016. Dr. Davidson will officially become President-Elect...
FDA Approves Dinutuximab Combination for Pediatric Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved dinutuximab (Unituxin) as part of first-line therapy for pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Dinutuximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to the surface of neuroblastoma cells, is being approved for use as part of a...
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Increases Chances of Lumpectomy, Decreases Chances of Mastectomy
Patients with larger malignant tumors of the breast who undergo chemotherapy before a breast cancer operation are more likely to undergo a lumpectomy than a mastectomy, according to a study published by Killelea et al in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons. Study investigators from...
Inherited Gene Variation Leaves Young Leukemia Patients at Risk for Peripheral Neuropathy
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital scientists have identified the first genetic variation that is associated with an increased risk and severity of peripheral neuropathy following treatment with a widely used anticancer drug. Investigators also found evidence of how it may be possible to...
Complex Surgery Does Not Independently Predict Outcome in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
In an analysis in the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG 182) trial population reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Horowitz et al found that more complex surgery was not an independent predictor of progression-free or overall survival among patients with advanced epithelial ovarian or...
Immunologic Factors Predict Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy With or Without Carboplatin in Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Denkert et al found that increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the presence of lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer were associated with increased rates of pathologic complete response in patients receiving neoadjuvant...
Acceptable Cardiac Safety of Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine After Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy in Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Krop et al found that ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) had an acceptable cardiac safety profile when used after anthracycline-based (neo)adjuvant therapy in women with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. Study Details In the study,...
New Study Assesses Inclusion of Family in Cancer Patients’ Treatment Decisions
Family members often play an important role in providing care for patients with cancer, but which patients are more or less likely to involve family members in decisions regarding their care is not well known. A new study published by Hobbs et al in Cancer provides some insights and may help...
Lower Household Net Worth and Black Race Associated With Nonadherence to Hormonal Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hershman et al found that nonadherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy for early-stage breast cancer was more common among black women and patients with lower household net worth, with the latter factor partly accounting for the racial...
Colorectal Cancer Benefits With Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening in SCORE Trial Are Generalizable to Broader Population
The Italian SCORE trial is among several recent large European randomized trials showing the benefit of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Senore et al found that characteristics of...
FDA Approves First Biosimilar Product Filgrastim‑Sndz
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved filgrastim-sndz (Zarxio), the first biosimilar product approved in the United States. A biosimilar product is a biologic product that is approved based on a showing that it is highly similar to an already-approved biologic. The biosimilar...
Preclinical Study Shows Promise for the Development of Personalized Cellular Therapy for Brain Cancer
Immune cells engineered to seek out and attack a type of deadly brain cancer were found to be safe and effective at controlling tumor growth in mice that were treated with these modified cells, according a team from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Novartis...
No Improvement in Overall Survival With Addition of Anti-EGFR Antibody Necitumumab to First-Line Pemetrexed-Cisplatin in Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC
In the phase III INSPIRE trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Paz-Ares et al found that the addition of the anti-EGFR IgG1 monoclonal antibody necitumumab to first-line pemetrexed (Alimta)-cisplatin did not improve overall survival in patients with previously untreated stage IV nonsquamous...
Harold Varmus, MD, Stepping Down as Director of the National Cancer Institute
Harold Varmus, MD, who has led the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for nearly 5 years, has announced that he will step down from his post, effective March 31, 2015. Dr. Varmus will be joining Weill Cornell Medical College's faculty as the Lewis Thomas...
Aurora Kinase A Inhibitor Alisertib Active in Solid Tumors
In a phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Melichar et al found that the oral aurora kinase A inhibitor alisertib was active in solid tumors, particularly breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. Aurora kinases play central roles in mitosis. Inhibition of aurora kinase A, which is...
Study Finds Websites That Market Personalized Cancer Care Services Overemphasize Benefits
A recent analysis of 55 Internet websites marketing a broad range of tests and services that promise the ability to personalize cancer treatment has found that the websites often overemphasize their purported benefits and downplay their limitations. In addition, the study results show that the...
FDA Approves Nivolumab to Treat Metastatic Squamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab (Opdivo) for the treatment of patients with metastatic squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds ...
Early Study Shows Cabazitaxel May Be More Effective Than Docetaxel in Some Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer
In a new study reported by de Leeuw et al in Clinical Cancer Research, researchers found that the novel taxane cabazitaxel (Jevtana) has properties that could make it more effective than docetaxel in some patients with advanced prostate cancer. This hypothesis is currently being tested in a phase...
Meta-Analysis Shows Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer With Menopausal Hormone Therapy
In a study reported in The Lancet, the Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer found that use of menopausal hormone therapy was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, with the risk being highest among current users. The study consisted of meta-analyses of...
Decision Aid Including Information on Overdetection Increases Informed Choice in Breast Screening and Reduces Intention to Be Screened
In a study reported in The Lancet, Hersch et al found that use of a decision aid containing information on overdetection in breast cancer screening was associated with an increased rate of informed choice regarding screening, a reduced rate of positive attitudes toward screening, and reduced...
CLEOPATRA Study: Significant Overall Survival Benefit of Adding Pertuzumab to Trastuzumab/Docetaxel in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Swain et al, the final prespecified overall survival analysis in the phase III CLEOPATRA study showed a significant 15.7-month increase in median overall survival over 50 months of follow-up with the addition of pertuzumab (Perjeta) to...
Study Finds Improved Survival for Young Patients With Brain Metastases Who Receive Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone
Cancer patients with limited brain metastases (one to four tumors) who are 50 years old and younger should receive stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiotherapy, according to a study by Saghal et al in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics....
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer
Patients who received chemotherapy after bladder cancer surgery demonstrated an approximately 30% lower risk of death than those who underwent surgery alone, according to an analysis presented by researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai at the 2015 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, ...
NRAS Mutations in Advanced Melanoma Correlate With Increased Benefit From Immunotherapies
Researchers investigating whether tumor genotype correlates with benefit from immune therapy in melanoma has found that patients whose tumors had NRAS mutations had better response to immunotherapy and better outcomes than patients whose tumors had other genetic subtypes. The results suggest that...
Study Finds Immunohistochemistry Is More Effective Than FISH in Detecting EML4-ALK Rearrangments in Lung Cancer
A retrospective study by Pekar-Zlotin et al investigating fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting EML4-ALK rearrangement in patients with lung cancer has found that FISH may miss a significant number of patients who tested positive with...
Sipuleucel-T Demonstrates Sustained Immune Response 2 Years After Treatment in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Preliminary results from the phase II STAND trial have demonstrated a robust immune response with sipuleucel-T (Provenge) that continues 2 years after completing treatment in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. The findings, along with data from an ongoing phase IV registry related to ...
Novel Cell Profiling Technique May Help Personalize Cancer Treatments
Researchers have developed a lab test called Dynamic BH3 Profiling (DBP) to measure early changes in net proapoptotic signaling at the mitochondrion induced by chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells. In cell-line and clinical experiments, the test accurately predicted chemotherapy response across...
Active Surveillance of Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Associated With Decreased Survival
An analysis of data on 945 patients with prostate cancer that is managed with active surveillance shows differences in outcomes depending on whether the patient was low or intermediate risk at diagnosis. Compared to patients with low-risk disease, those with intermediate-risk cancer (PSA > 10...
Adjuvant Sorafenib and Sunitinib Do Not Improve Outcomes in Locally Advanced Kidney Cancer
Findings from a federally funded study suggest that patients with locally advanced kidney cancer should not be treated with either adjuvant sorafenib (Nexavar) or sunitinib (Sutent). The average period to disease recurrence was similar between those who received sorafenib or sunitinib after surgery ...
Men Who Have Had Testicular Cancer May Be More Likely to Develop Prostate Cancer
A case-control study of close to 180,000 men suggests that the incidence of prostate cancer is higher among men with a history of testicular cancer (12.6%) than among those without a history of testicular cancer (2.8%). Men who have had testicular cancer were also more likely to develop...
