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Showing 12701 - 12750External-Beam Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation vs Whole-Breast Irradiation After Breast-Conserving Surgery in DCIS or Node-Negative Breast Cancer
As reported in The Lancet by Timothy J. Whelan, BM, BCh, and colleagues, the phase III noninferiority RAPID trial has shown that external-beam accelerated partial-breast irradiation is noninferior to whole-breast irradiation in reducing risk of local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery in...
Conditioning Intensity for Allogeneic Transplantation in Patients With AML
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hourigan et al found that reduced-intensity conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation was associated with poorer outcomes vs myeloablative conditioning in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who had genomic...
Comparing Options for Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation to Preserve Fertility in Pediatric Patients With Cancer
With the pediatric cancer survival rate exceeding 80%, “we can reasonably suspect that most of these children will survive more than 5 years from their diagnosis and then go on to puberty,” when they may have to deal with the consequences of cancer treatment, according to Rebecca Flyckt, MD,...
Maintenance Bevacizumab With or Without Pemetrexed in Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC
In a Japanese phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Seto et al found that the addition of maintenance pemetrexed to bevacizumab did not significantly improve overall survival in patients with previously untreated, advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...
Genomic Aberrations and Pancreatic Cancer Subtypes
Researchers have discovered detailed new genetic information about the subtypes of pancreatic cancer. A better understanding of the disease groups may lead to new treatment options and improved clinical outcomes for this lethal disease, Chan-Seng-Yue et al reported in Nature Genetics. The study...
Are Women in Europe or Asia More Likely to Have Breast-Conserving Therapy Than Those in the United States?
Neoadjuvant systemic therapy can shrink tumors in patients with breast cancer and, in some cases, allow patients to receive breast-conserving therapy who would otherwise require mastectomy. However, in the United States, about 55% of patients who become eligible for breast-conserving therapy after...
Expert Point of View: Howard J. Weinstein, MD
Commenting on the blinatumomab study, Howard J. Weinstein, MD, Chief of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School in Boston, said: “These are very promising results for children, adolescents, and young adults who have had a first...
Selected Abstracts on Novel Therapies for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
To complement The ASCO Post’s comprehensive coverage of the 2019 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition, here are several abstracts selected from the meeting proceedings focusing on novel therapeutic regimens for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). For full details of...
Blinatumomab Outperforms Chemotherapy as Post-Reinduction Consolidation Therapy in Younger Patients With B-Cell ALL
Blinatumomab was superior to standard chemotherapy in children, adolescents, and young adults at the first relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as post-reinduction consolidation therapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), according to the results of a late-breaking...
Cancer Survivors Face Substantial Medical Financial Hardship
Although advances in cancer treatments have led to huge increases in the number of survivors in the United States—more than 16.9 million in 2019—many of those survivors, particularly those aged 18 to 64, face substantial medical financial hardship due to their diagnosis and treatment, necessitating ...
Different Doses of Adjuvant Ipilimumab vs High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Patients With Resected High-Risk Melanoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Tarhini et al, the phase III Intergroup E1609 trial has shown an overall survival advantage with adjuvant ipilimumab at 3 mg/kg—but not at 10 mg/kg—vs high-dose interferon alfa-2b in patients with resected high-risk cutaneous melanoma. The...
Use of Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing and Grading Prostate Cancer
Researchers have developed a method based on artificial intelligence (AI) for the histopathologic diagnosis and grading of prostate cancer. The study, published by Ström et al in The Lancet Oncology, showed that the AI system can be trained to detect and grade prostate cancer from needle biopsy...
Higher 21-Gene Recurrence Score May Be Associated With Increased Risk of Locoregional Recurrence in Patients With Breast Cancer
A new study shows that a test physicians commonly use to guide chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer after surgery may also help them decide whether radiation therapy may be of benefit. Results published by Wendy A. Woodward, MD, PhD, and colleagues in JAMA Oncology suggest patients with an...
Selected Abstracts on New Therapies for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
To complement The ASCO Post’s comprehensive coverage of the 2019 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition, here are several abstracts selected from the meeting proceedings focusing on novel therapeutic regimens including the monoclonal antibody daratumumab in combination ...
Patients With HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer May Have Different Rates of Mortality
New research indicates that there is a higher risk of early death among patients with oropharyngeal cancer not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vs those whose tumors are HPV-positive. The findings are published by Fullerton et al in Cancer. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is...
Are Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Diagnosis Caused by Health Insurance Coverage?
Lack of insurance coverage is a major cause of delayed breast cancer screening and treatment among minority women, which could lead to a decrease in a patient’s chance of survival. Nearly half of the disparity in later-stage diagnosis between non-Hispanic white women and black, Hispanic, and...
Patient-Reported Functional Outcomes With Hypofractionated vs Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer
In a national cohort study conducted in the United Kingdom and reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Nossiter et al found no clinically important differences in patient-reported functional outcomes among men receiving hypofractionated vs conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for...
Activity of Belantamab Mafodotin in Patients With Heavily Pretreated Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
In the phase II DREAMM-2 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Sagar Lonial, MD, and colleagues found that the antibody-drug conjugate belantamab mafodotin was active in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The agent is a conjugate of an anti–B-cell maturation...
Luspatercept in Transfusion-Dependent Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes
In the phase III MEDALIST trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Fenaux et al found that luspatercept significantly reduced the severity of anemia vs placebo in red blood cell transfusion–dependent patients with very low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with ring...
ADMIRAL Trial: Gilteritinib Improves Overall Survival in Relapsed or Refractory FLT3-Mutated AML
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Alexander E. Perl, MD, of Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, and colleagues, the phase III ADMIRAL trial showed improved overall survival with the oral FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor gilteritinib vs salvage...
Molecular Characteristics of Leptomeningeal Melanoma Metastases
Patients with advanced melanoma who develop metastases in the leptomeninges usually have a poor prognosis—most patients only survive for 8 to 10 weeks after diagnosis. One reason for this poor prognosis is that very little is known about the molecular development of leptomeningeal melanoma...
Association Between Colorectal Cancer and Ulcerative Colitis
Patients with the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis have a higher risk of dying from colorectal cancer, despite modern therapy, even though the risk has declined in recent years. Olén et al published these findings in The Lancet. Previous research has shown that patients with ulcerative ...
Entrectinib in Advanced or Metastatic NTRK Fusion–Positive Solid Tumors
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by George D. Demetri, MD, and colleagues, integrated analysis of three phase I/II trials has shown high levels of activity of the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor entrectinib in advanced NTRK fusion–positive solid tumors. This analysis supported the...
Activity of Ruxolitinib in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
In a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Dao et al found that the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib was active in patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), with less activity observed in those with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and greater activity observed...
Is There an Association Between Powder Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer?
As reported in JAMA by O’Brien et al, pooled data from four large U.S.-based prospective cohorts suggest the lack of a significant association between the use of powder in the genital area and an increased risk of ovarian cancer. The investigators noted that the analysis may have not been...
Recent Approvals From the FDA
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) certainly had a busy December, and this week, we’ll be reviewing some recent approvals: olaparib for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer; fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki for patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast...
Transplantation Specialist Karen Ballen, MD, Treasures Long-Term Connections With Her Patients
Karen Ballen, MD, an international expert in stem cell transplantation, particularly for patients who have a difficult time finding a donor, was born and reared in the Bronx in a family that encouraged academic and professional pursuits. “My grandfather was an old-fashioned pediatrician who made...
Patient Access to High-Quality Oncologic Pathology Improves Care
Accurate and timely diagnoses are critical components for developing treatment plans for patients with cancer and also for informing prognosis and assessment of responses. Pathologists are an essential part of the oncology team because they have specialized knowledge that helps inform diagnostic...
FDA Pipeline: Fast Track/Orphan Drug Designation for Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment, Breakthrough Device Designation for Bladder Cancer Test
This week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Fast Track designation to infigratinib for patients with advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with a certain genetic mutation, and Orphan Drug designation to the treatment for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. The FDA also granted...
Does Statin Use Increase Overall Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer?
About 40 million adults in the United States take a statin to lower their cholesterol and reduce the risk for heart disease—but they may also be getting an added anticancer benefit, a growing body of evidence suggests. According to research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific...
Does Adding Trastuzumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy Improve Invasive Disease–Free Survival for Patients With HER2-Negative Breast Cancer?
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Louis Fehrenbacher, MD, and colleagues, the phase III NSABP B-47/NRG Oncology trial has shown no invasive disease–free survival benefit with the addition of trastuzumab to adjuvant chemotherapy therapy in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer...
FDA Approves Avapritinib for the Treatment of PDGFRA-Mutated Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
On January 9, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved avapritinib (Ayvakit) for the treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that harbors platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) exon 18 mutation. This approval includes...
Expert Point of View: Gary Schiller, MD
At the press conference where these data were presented, moderator Gary Schiller, MD, of the University of California, Los Angeles, explained that although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a major advance in cellular immunotherapy, enabling killing of cancer cells in blood and bone ...
Preliminary Data on Multiantigen-Targeted CAR NK-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Malignancies
A novel off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell (CAR-NK) product called FT596 may prove to be an active therapy for B-cell malignancies. This agent is designed to overcome several challenges inherent in CAR T-cell therapy, including CD19-antigen escape, which leads to relapse in ...
Step Counts May Help Predict Treatment Outcomes for Patients With NSCLC
A new study suggests step counters could play a role in predicting outcomes for people undergoing chemoradiation therapy for lung cancer. These findings were published by Ohri et al in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics. “I consider step counts to be a new vital...
Prevalence of Alcohol Use Among Patients With Cancer and Survivors
New research published by Nina N. Sanford, MD, and colleagues in JNCCN—Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has found most cancer survivors reported that they are current alcohol drinkers, with a subset of those survivors self-reporting excessive drinking behaviors. “We recommend...
Dietary Supplement Use During Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Early Breast Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Ambrosone et al, an analysis of the SWOG S0221 trial population suggests that use of antioxidant and nonantioxidant dietary supplements, but not multivitamins, before and during adjuvant chemotherapy may be associated with poorer treatment outcomes ...
Addition of Olaparib to Bevacizumab Maintenance in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer Responding to First-Line Therapy
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Isabelle Ray-Coquard, MD, PhD, and colleagues, the phase III PAOLA-1 trial has shown a progression-free survival benefit with the addition of olaparib to bevacizumab maintenance in patients with advanced ovarian cancer responding to first-line...
Noninferiority of Four vs Six Cycles of CHOP for Patients With Favorable Prognosis B-Cell Lymphoma: FLYER Trial
As reported in The Lancet by Viola Poeschel, MD, and colleagues, the phase III FLYER trial has shown noninferiority of progression-free survival with four vs six cycles of cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone (CHOP) in combination with six doses of rituximab in patients with...
FDA Approves PD-1 Inhibitor for BCG-Unresponsive, High-Risk Non–Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for the treatment of patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non–muscle invasive bladder cancer with carcinoma in situ with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have...
Many Pelvic Examinations and Papanicolaou Tests Performed on Young Women May Be Unnecessary
Pelvic examinations and cervical cancer screenings are no longer recommended for most females under age 21 during routine health visits, but a new study has found that millions of young women are undergoing the tests, which can lead to false-positive testing, overtreatment, anxiety, and needless...
Does Weight-Loss Surgery Lower the Risk of Malignant Melanoma?
Bariatric surgery is associated with a distinct reduction in skin cancer risk, according to findings published by Taube et al in JAMA Dermatology. This finding further substantiates the connection between weight loss and malignant skin cancer. “This [study] provides further evidence for a...
Largest Single-Year Drop in Cancer Mortality Reported in ‘Cancer Statistics, 2020’
The cancer death rate declined by 29% from 1991 to 2017, including a 2.2% drop from 2016 to 2017—the largest single-year drop in cancer mortality ever reported. These findings were reported in “Cancer Statistics, 2020,” the latest edition of the American Cancer Society’s annual report on cancer...
Recurrence Risk With Accelerated Partial- vs Whole-Breast Irradiation After Breast-Conserving Surgery for Early Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-up
As reported in The Lancet by Frank A. Vicini, MD, and colleagues, 10-year follow-up in the phase III NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413 equivalence trial has shown that accelerated partial-breast irradiation did not achieve equivalence to whole-breast irradiation in preventing local recurrence in women receiving ...
Olaparib for Previously Treated, Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With DNA Repair Gene Aberrations
In the phase II TOPARP-B trial—reported by Mateo et al in The Lancet Oncology—investigators found that olaparib showed activity in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DNA damage response (DDR) gene aberrations who had received one or two prior taxane regimens. Study...
T-DM1 Shows Activity in HER2-Amplified Salivary Gland Cancer in Small Patient Sample of NCI-MATCH
The antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) showed activity in HER2-amplified salivary gland tumors, according to data published by Jhaveri et al in Annals of Oncology. The publication is for ‘Arm Q,’ which is one of nearly 40 single-arm phase II treatments in the NCI-Molecular...
Physical Activity at Recommended Levels May Lower Risk of Multiple Cancers
A pooled analysis of nine prospective studies involving more than 750,000 adults has found that recommended amounts of leisure-time physical activity were linked to a lower risk for seven cancers, with several cancer types having a dose/response relationship. These findings were published by...
Is Pembrolizumab Active in Pediatric Patients With PD-L1–Positive Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphoma?
Interim analysis of the phase I/II KEYNOTE-051 trial, reported in The Lancet Oncology by Geoerger et al, indicated minimal activity of pembrolizumab in pediatric patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive advanced, relapsed, or refractory solid tumors; however, activity was...
FDA Pooled Analysis of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Treatment for Advanced Hormone Receptor–Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
In a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pooled analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Jennifer J. Gao, MD, and colleagues found that the magnitude of progression-free survival benefit with the addition of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor to endocrine therapy in women with...
Long-Term Results of Standard- vs High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Cetuximab in Patients With Stage III NSCLC
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Jeffrey D. Bradley, MD, and colleagues, long-term results of the phase III NRG Oncology/RTOG 0617 trial indicate that standard-dose radiotherapy should remain the standard of care in chemoradiotherapy for nonresectable stage III non–small cell...
