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Showing 6701 - 6750Bispecific CD19-Directed CD3 T-Cell Engager Blinatumomab Active in Adults With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Precursor ALL
In a phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Topp et al found that the bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager (BiTE) blinatumomab (Blincyto) was highly active in adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blinatumomab binds to CD19 expressed ...
Changes in Temporal Patterns and Risk of Recurrence in Breast Cancer Between 1986–1992 and 2004–2008
In a Canadian study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cossetti and colleagues found that temporal patterns of breast cancer relapse according to estrogen receptor and HER2 status in the period 2004–2008 were similar to those in 1986–1992 but at markedly reduced relapse rates....
Palbociclib/Letrozole Improves Progression-Free Survival in First-Line Treatment of Estrogen Receptor–Positive/HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
In the phase II PALOMA-1/TRIO-18 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Finn et al found that the addition of palbociclib to letrozole resulted in significant improvement in progression-free survival as first-line treatment for advanced disease in postmenopausal women with estrogen...
Patients With Prior Cancer Excluded From Most Lung Cancer Trials
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Gerber et al found that patients with prior cancer were excluded from most clinical trials in lung cancer, including nearly all with overall survival as a primary endpoint. The study involved review of data from 51 lung cancer...
Somatic Tumor Neoepitopes as Basis for Response to CTLA-4 Inhibition in Melanoma
The molecular determinants of benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment have not been characterized. In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Snyder et al found that benefit of the anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies ipilimumab (Yervoy) and...
Exercise Improves Aromatase Inhibitor–Induced Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors
In the HOPE study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Irwin et al found that a program of aerobic exercise and strength training produced significant improvement in aromatase inhibitor–associated arthralgia in breast cancer survivors. Study Details In the study, 121 women with...
Diabetes Increases Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in All Racial/Ethnic Groups
In a study in the Multiethnic Cohort (composed of men and women from California and Hawaii) reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Setiawan et al found that diabetes was associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in all racial/ethnic groups, with risk being...
Abstract ‘Spin’ Affects Interpretation of Trial Outcome
In the SPIIN study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Boutron et al found that spin in the abstract of an article reporting results of a randomized controlled trial in cancer increased clinician rating of the benefit of the experimental treatment in the trial. Study Details In the...
No Overall Survival Difference for Linifanib vs Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cainap et al found that treatment with linifanib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases, did not improve overall survival compared with sorafenib (Nexavar) treatment in patients with advanced...
Postdiagnosis and Pre-/Postdiagnosis Use of Bisphosphonates for Osteoporosis Reduces Risk of Skeletal Metastases in Women With Breast Cancer
In a Canadian study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Kremer et al found that postdiagnosis use only or pre-and postdiagnosis use of bisphosphonates for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with breast cancer was associated with a significant...
Cancer Risk Associated With Lynch Syndrome PMS2 Mutation in European Cohort
The effects of PMS2 germline mutations are less well understood than those of other Lynch syndrome–associated mismatch repair gene mutations. In a European cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ten Broeke et al found that risks of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer...
Worse Anxiety/Depression Symptoms in Patients Adopting ‘Helper’ Role in Breast Cancer Internet Support Group
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lepore et al found that patients assigned a helper role in a breast cancer Internet support group had worse anxiety/depression symptoms after completion of the intervention than those not assigned a helper role. Study Details In the study,...
Addition of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302 to Gemcitabine Improves Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Pancreas Cancer
TH-302 is a hypoxia-activated prodrug that releases the DNA alkylator bromo-isophosphoramide mustard in hypoxic settings. In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Borad et al found that the addition of TH-302 to gemcitabine improved progression-free survival in patients...
No Survival Difference for Adjuvant Capecitabine vs 5-FU With or Without Oxaliplatin in Stage III Colon Cancer
In an analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Schmoll et al found no difference in survival outcomes with adjuvant capecitabine vs fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage III colon cancer and no adverse impact of adjuvant oxaliplatin on post-relapse...
Urinary PCA3 Adds to Predictive Models in Patients Presenting for Initial and Repeat Biopsy for Detection of Prostate Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Wei et al found that use of urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) measurement could improve avoidance of repeat prostate biopsy and detection of prostate cancer in biopsy-naive patients. This National Cancer Institute study involved...
PD-1 Blockade With Nivolumab Produces High Response Rate in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
Anti–PD-1 antibodies have been shown to be effective in solid tumors. There is evidence that the malignant Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphomas use the PD-1 pathway to evade immune detection, with alterations in chromosome 9p24.1 increasing levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and promoting...
Telephone Peer-Support Program Reduces Breast Cancer Distress for Women Carrying BRCA Mutation
In an Australian study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, White et al found that a telephone-based peer-support intervention reduced breast cancer distress among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. Study Details In the study, 207 mutation carriers reporting interest in talking...
High and Increasing 30-Day Hospital Readmission After Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Medicare Population
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Eskander et al found that rates of 30-day hospital readmission after surgery for advanced ovarian cancer are high and have increased significantly in recent years. In the study, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare ...
First-Line Crizotinib Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Chemotherapy in ALK-Positive NSCLC
In a phase III PROFILE 1014 trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Solomon et al found that the ALK inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori) improved progression-free survival vs standard chemotherapy in first-line treatment of advanced ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)....
Characterization of Conditional Disease-Free Survival in Patients With Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kurta et al calculated conditional disease-free survival estimates among ovarian cancer patients, showing that odds of remaining disease free improve with a longer disease-free period from initial remission. Improved Conditional Disease-Free ...
Colon Cancer Gene-Expression Risk Scores Contribute Little to Prognostic Ability of Established Risk Factors
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Di Narzo et al found that individual colon cancer gene-expression risk scores contributed little to the prognostic ability of traditional risk factors. Study Details The study involved evaluation of four gene-expression risk...
No Overall Survival Difference for Immediate vs Deferred Chemotherapy After Radical Cystectomy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
In the phase III EORTC 30994 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Sternberg et al found no overall survival difference between immediate and delayed adjuvant chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Immediate treatment was...
Hypofractionated Whole-Breast Irradiation After Breast-Conserving Surgery Used in One-Third or Less of Eligible Patients
In a study reported in JAMA, Bekelman et al found that approximately two-thirds of patients with early-stage breast cancer for whom hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation is endorsed receive conventional whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery. Health-care expenditures were...
Germline SUFU Mutations Cause Gorlin Syndrome and Increase Risk for Childhood Medulloblastoma
In a study to identify causative mutations in patients with Gorlin syndrome without PTCH1 mutations, Smith et al found that germline mutations in SUFU were associated with Gorlin syndrome and with increased likelihood of Gorlin syndrome–associated childhood medulloblastoma. The study is...
High Frequency of Inherited Mutations in Susceptibility Genes in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cohort Unselected for Family History of Breast Cancer
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Couch et al found a high frequency of inherited mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes in a cohort of women with triple-negative breast cancer unselected for family history of breast or ovarian cancer. In the study, the frequency of...
Modest Correlation of Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Modern First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Trials
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shi et al found a modest correlation of progression-free survival with overall survival as first-line treatment endpoints in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The study involved individual patient- and trial-level data from 16,762...
Nivolumab Shows Activity in Previously Treated Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
In a randomized phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Motzer et al found that the PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody nivolumab was associated with antitumor activity and manageable toxicity at three dose levels in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had...
Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Shows Activity in Metastatic Urothelial Bladder Cancer
As reported in a letter to Nature by Powles et al, the anti–PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody MPDL3280A has shown good activity in patients with metastatic urothelial bladder cancer in a phase I study. Outcomes were best in patients with PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of 2 or 3 in...
Survival Benefit of R-ACVBP vs R-CHOP in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Attributable to Effect in Patients With Non–Germinal Center B-Cell–Like Tumors
In an analysis of the French phase III LNH 03-2B trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Molina et al found that germinal center B-cell–like vs non–germinal center B-cell–like subclassification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma according to the Hans algorithm was...
Intensified Chemotherapy Based on Tumor Marker Decline May Improve Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Poor-Prognosis Germ Cell Tumors
In the phase III GETUG 13 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Fizazi et al found that treatment intensification based on early tumor marker decline resulted in a numeric and borderline statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival in patients with poor-prognosis germ cell...
Cigarette Smoking Associated With Changes in Inflammation Markers
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Shiels et al found significant changes in levels of inflammatory/immune markers in current cigarette smokers vs nonsmokers. There was a significant relationship between time since quitting and return to nonsmoker levels for...
Telomere Length Genes Are Associated With Melanoma Risk
Longer telomeres have been associated with increased risk of melanoma. In a GenoMEL Consortium genome-wide association study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Iles et al found that several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with leukocyte telomere...
No Disease-Free Survival Differences Among Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide Plus Paclitaxel Regimens in High-Risk Early-Stage Breast Cancer
In the phase III SWOG S0221 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Budd et al found no differences in disease-free survival among four different doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide plus paclitaxel regimens in patients with node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer. A subgroup...
No Survival Difference but Greater Morbidity With Etoposide/Cisplatin vs Carboplatin/Paclitaxel With Concurrent Radiotherapy for Stage III NSCLC
In an analysis of Veterans Health Administration data reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Santana-Davila et al found that etoposide/cisplatin resulted in no overall survival difference but greater morbidity compared with carboplatin/paclitaxel used concurrently with radiotherapy in...
Approximately 4% of New Cancers Worldwide Attributed to High BMI
In a population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Arnold et al estimated that 3.6% of all new cancers worldwide in 2012 were attributable to high body mass index (BMI). The proportions of such cases were greater in women than in men and in highly developed vs less-developed countries....
Effect of Computer-Aided Detection in Mammography Screening on Cost and DCIS Diagnosis in Medicare Population
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Surgery, Fenton et al found that a sizable proportion of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnoses are attributable to computer-aided detection in mammography screening in the Medicare population and that use of computer-aided detection in this...
Surveillance Guidelines Miss 30% of Renal Cell Carcinoma Recurrences After Nephrectomy
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stewart et al found that 30% or more of renal cell carcinoma recurrences were missed using National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines for surveillance after surgery for renal cell...
Dacomitinib Shows Activity in First-Line Treatment of Patients With Clinically or Molecularly Selected Advanced NSCLC
In a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Jänne et al found that the pan-HER inhibitor dacomitinib was active in first-line treatment of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations or clinical characteristics associated with response to EGFR...
CONCORD-2 Study Reveals Wide Variability in Global Cancer Survival Rates
As reported in The Lancet by Allemani et al, the CONCORD-2 study of global cancer survival indicates improvements in survival in many countries in colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers, persistent poor outcomes in lung and liver cancers, and wide variability in survival in many cancers. The...
Long-Term Diabetes Associated With Increased Mortality in Pancreas Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yuan et al found that pancreas cancer patients with diabetes of more than 4 years’ duration at diagnosis had significantly poorer survival compared with nondiabetic patients. Study Details The study involved data from 1,006 patients...
Despite Popularity of Alternative Medicine, Most U.S. Oncologists Do Not Discuss Herb and Supplement Use With Their Patients
Available data indicate that a majority of cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lee et al found that oncologists responding to a survey on herb and supplement use did not discuss herb and supplement use with most of...
Anti-CD19 Bispecific T Cell Engager Blinatumomab Shows Activity in Relapsed/Refractory B-Precursor ALL
In a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Topp et al found that the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody blinatumomab produced a high response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). BiTEs induce a transient cytolytic ...
FDG-PET Predicts Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab/Docetaxel in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
In the French phase II AVATAXHER trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Coudert et al found that 18F–fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) predicted complete response to trastuzumab (Herceptin)/docetaxel neoadjuvant therapy and that adding bevacizumab (Avastin) in...
More Than 40% of U.S. Women Have Mammographically Dense Breasts
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Sprague et al found that more than 40% of U.S. women have mammographically dense breasts, with the prevalence being inversely proportional to age and body mass index (BMI). As noted by the authors: “National legislation is...
Benefit of Extended Rituximab Exposure in Poor-Prognosis Elderly Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In the phase II SMARTE-R-CHOP-14 trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Pfreundschuh et al found that extended rituximab (Rituxan) exposure in patients aged > 60 years with poor-prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was...
Low Risk of Breast Cancer After Ovarian Cancer in Women With BRCA Mutation
In a retrospective single-institution study reported in JAMA Surgery, Gangi et al found a low risk of breast cancer after diagnosis of ovarian cancer in women harboring BRCA mutations. The study involved 364 women who had BRCA mutation testing for stage I to IV epithelial ovarian...
RTOG 0129 Long-Term Results: No Differences in Survival or Toxicity With Accelerated vs Standard Fractionation Plus Cisplatin in Head and Neck Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Nguyen-Tan et al, long-term follow-up in the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0129 trial indicates no difference in overall survival or late toxicity with use of accelerated vs standard radiation therapy plus cisplatin in patients...
Cigarette Smoking Before Diagnosis of First Cancer Is Associated With Increased Risk of Second Cancers
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shiels et al found that prediagnostic smoking among survivors of stage I lung cancer or bladder, kidney, or head/neck cancer was associated with increased risk of second lung, bladder, kidney, and head and neck cancer. Study Details The...
Improved Overall Survival in Metastatic Melanoma With First-Line Dabrafenib Plus Trametinib
In a phase III study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Robert et al found that the combination of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (Tafinlar) plus the MEK inhibitor trametinib (Mekinist) significantly improved overall survival compared with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) in...
Two- vs One-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation Does Not Improve 1-Year Overall Survival in Children and Adolescents With Hematologic Cancers
In a phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Wagner et al found that use of two units vs one unit of umbilical cord blood in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation did not improve 1-year overall survival in children and adolescents with hematologic cancers. Use of...
