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Showing 3801 - 3850Molecular Profiles and Immunotherapy Outcomes in BRAF V600E– and V600K–Mutant Melanoma
In a study reported in Clinical Cancer Research, Alexander M. Menzies, MD, of Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, and colleagues found that BRAF V600K melanomas are less responsive to BRAF inhibitor with or without MEK inhibitor...
Combined Crowd Innovation and AI in Producing Algorithms for Radiotherapy Targeting
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Mak et al found that a crowd innovation contest produced automated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms “that replicated the skills of a highly trained physician” in segmenting lung tumors for radiotherapy targeting. The investigators also noted...
Low-Dose Tamoxifen vs Placebo in Preventing Local and Contralateral Recurrence in Breast Intraepithelial Neoplasia
In an Italian phase III study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, DeCensi et al found that tamoxifen at 5 mg/d vs placebo for 3 years reduced the risk of recurrence of breast intraepithelial neoplasia and was associated with limited toxicity. As noted by the investigators,...
Modeling Projections of Global Cervical Cancer Control
In a modeling study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Karen Canfell, DPhil, and colleagues detailed the preventive effects on cervical cancer that could be achieved by scaled-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical screening efforts with the aim of disease elimination. The major...
Effect of Lymphadenectomy on Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
In the international phase III LION study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Philipp Harter, MD, and colleagues found that lymphadenectomy did not improve progression-free or overall survival vs no lymphadenectomy in women with advanced ovarian cancer. Study Details The trial...
SABR-COMET: Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy vs Standard Palliative Treatment in Oligometastatic Cancers
Results of the phase II SABR-COMET trial reported by Palma et al in The Lancet indicate that stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) was associated with improved survival vs standard palliative treatment in patients with oligometastatic cancers, although it was also associated with...
Perioperative Therapy With FLOT vs ECF/ECX in Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma
In the German phase II/III FLOT4 trial reported in The Lancet, Al-Batran et al found that perioperative therapy with the docetaxel-based triplet FLOT (fluorouracil [5-FU]/leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) was associated with improved overall survival vs ECF/ECX (epirubicin and cisplatin plus...
Doxepin or Diphenhydramine/Lidocaine/Antacid Mouthwash for Radiotherapy-Related Oral Mucositis Pain
In the phase III Alliance A221304 trial reported in JAMA, Sio et al found that doxepin mouthwash and diphenhydramine/lidocaine/antacid mouthwash reduced oral mucositis pain for the first 4 hours after administration in patients with oral mucositis pain from head and neck radiotherapy, but the...
KEYNOTE-042: Pembrolizumab vs Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC With PD-L1 Expression ≥ 1%
As reported in The Lancet by Mok et al, the KEYNOTE-042 trial has shown an improvement in overall survival with pembrolizumab vs standard chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with locally advanced or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without a sensitizing EGFR mutation or ...
Front-Line Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-R vs R-CHOP in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Bartlett et al, the phase III intergroup Alliance/CALGB 50303 trial showed front-line DA-EPOCH-R (dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab) did not improve outcomes vs standard R-CHOP...
Primary Surgery Outcomes in MRI-Based ‘Good-Prognosis’ Rectal Cancer
In a Canadian phase II trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Kennedy et al found a low rate of positive circumferential resection margins after primary surgery in patients with rectal cancer considered to have a ‘good prognosis’ based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria. As...
Patient-Reported Outcomes With Salvage Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation vs Nontransplantation in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
In an analysis of the phase III UK Myeloma X trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ahmedzai et al found that patient-reported outcomes tended to be worse with salvage autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) vs nontransplantation consolidation in relapsed multiple myeloma. The...
Addition of Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery Based on Level of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
In a long-term follow-up of the Swedish Breast Cancer Group 91 Radiotherapy trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kovács et al found that higher levels of stromal tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and receipt of radiotherapy were independently associated with reduced...
Addition of Bortezomib to R-CHOP in DLBCL Subtypes Identified With Gene-Expression Profiling
In the phase III REMoDL-B trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Davies et al found that the addition of bortezomib to standard R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) did not improve progression-free survival subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma...
KEYNOTE-158: Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced Cervical Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Chung et al, the phase II KEYNOTE-158 trial showed activity of pembrolizumab in previously treated programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive advanced cervical cancer. The study supported the 2018 accelerated approval of pembrolizumab in this...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Survival After Pancreatic Cancer Resection
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Dimitrakopoulos et al found two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in noncoding, functional regions of genes that regulate cancer progression. They were associated with survival after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The study involved...
Follow-up of Adjuvant Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab in Small HER2-Positive Breast Tumors
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Tolaney et al, 7-year follow-up of the phase II Adjuvant Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab trial showed that adjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab were associated with “excellent” outcomes in women with small, node-negative HER2-positive breast...
Actionable Pathogenic Variants in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Breast or Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kurian et al found that approximately one-quarter of women with breast cancer and one-third of those with ovarian cancer underwent cancer genetic testing, and that 8% to 15% of those tested had actionable pathogenic variants. Study Details...
Lenvatinib in Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
In a single-center phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Tchekmedyian et al found that the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib was active in progressive recurrent or metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. Study Details In the study, 32 evaluable patients at...
Costs Associated With Continued Smoking in Patients With Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Network Open, Warren et al quantified incremental costs of first-line cancer treatment failure attributable to continued smoking in patients with cancer. Study Details The study involved development of a model to identify attributable incremental costs of subsequent...
Effect of Exercise Intervention on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Overweight or Obese Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Lee et al found that an aerobic and resistance exercise intervention reduced Framingham Risk Scores (FRS) for cardiovascular disease among overweight or obese women with early-stage breast cancer. In the single-center trial, 100 women with stage I to III...
Five-Fraction SBRT for Centrally Located, Inoperable NSCLC
In the phase I/II NRG Oncology/RTOG 0813 study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bezjak et al found that five-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) was associated with relatively low rates of serious treatment-related toxicity and good outcomes in patients with centrally...
Niraparib in Late-Line Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
In the phase II QUADRA trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Moore et al found that the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor niraparib was active in fourth- or later-line treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly in patients with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive,...
Paclitaxel or Cisplatin Plus Fluorouracil in Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer
In the Chinese phase III ESO-Shanghai 1 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chen et al found that paclitaxel plus fluorouracil did not significantly prolong overall survival vs standard cisplatin plus fluorouracil in definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for locally...
Prophylactic Irradiation of Chest Wall Procedure Sites in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bayman et al found that prophylactic radiotherapy to the chest wall after diagnostic or therapeutic procedures did not reduce the risk of chest wall metastases in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. In the open-label,...
Opioid-Related Hospitalizations Among Patients With Cancer in the United States
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Oncology, Chua et al found that opioid-related hospitalizations among American patients with cancer are rare, increasing at a very low rate, and consist mostly of hospitalization for nonheroin opioid poisoning. The study analyzed trends and risk...
Initiative to Improve Tobacco Cessation Efforts in a Radiation Oncology Department
In a study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Singer et al found that a quality improvement initiative was successful in increasing a radiation oncology department’s efforts in encouraging patients with cancer to cease tobacco use prior to radiation therapy. As noted by the...
Stromal Tumor–Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Outcomes in Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Kim and colleagues found that higher levels of stromal tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were associated with better outcomes in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or trastuzumab plus chemotherapy for early-stage...
Addition of Ibrutinib to R-CHOP in Non–Germinal Center B-Cell DLBCL
In the phase III PHOENIX trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Younes et al found that the addition of ibrutinib to R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) did not improve outcomes in patients with untreated non–germinal center B-cell...
Effect of Increased VA Hospice Care on Use of Aggressive Care and Costs for Veterans With Advanced Lung Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Mor et al found that veterans with advanced lung cancer treated in Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers with high hospice use were more likely to receive concurrent cancer care but less likely to receive aggressive care. Moreover, veterans treated at...
Capecitabine vs Observation Following Surgery for Resected Biliary Tract Cancer
Watch John Marshall, MD, and BILCAP first author John Neil Primrose, PhD, MBBS, discuss the trial at the 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting. In the phase III BILCAP trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Primrose and colleagues found evidence that adjuvant capecitabine may improve overall...
Patient-Reported Outcomes in the COMBI-AD Trial
In a study focused on the phase III COMBI-AD trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Schadendorf et al found no difference in patient-reported outcomes with adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib vs placebo in patients with resected BRAF V600E– or BRAF V600K–mutant stage III melanoma. The...
Final Overall Survival Results With Fulvestrant Plus Anastrozole in Metastatic Breast Cancer
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Mehta et al, the final overall survival results of the phase III SWOG S0226 trial show that the addition of first-line fulvestrant to anastrozole was associated with improved overall survival in postmenopausal women with hormone...
Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab in Advanced Endometrial Cancer
In an interim analysis of a phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Makker et al found that lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab was active in advanced endometrial cancer. Study Details In the study, 54 patients from 11 sites with metastatic endometrial cancer unselected for microsatellite...
AUGMENT: Addition of Lenalidomide to Rituximab in Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Lymphoma
In the phase III AUGMENT trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Leonard et al found that the addition of lenalidomide to rituximab significantly prolonged progression-free survival in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma. Study Details The double-blind trial...
Serum MicroRNA-371a-3p as a Biomarker for Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Dieckmann et al found that serum levels of microRNA (miR)-371a-3p (M371 test) showed very high accuracy for detecting testicular germ cell tumors. Study Details In the prospective international study, serum samples from 616 patients with...
Long-Term Outcomes for Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation vs Observation in Locally Advanced NSCLC
As reported in JAMA Oncology by Sun et al, a long-term update of the phase III NRG Oncology/RTOG 0214 trial has shown that prophylactic cranial irradiation was associated with a reduced incidence of brain metastases and improved disease-free survival—but not overall survival—compared...
Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, and Long-Term Care Use in Older Cancer Survivors
In a study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Williams et al found that items in geriatric assessment were significantly predictive of hospitalization frequency and long-term care use among older cancer survivors. Study Details The study included 125 patients aged ≥ 65 years from...
BEACON Colorectal Cancer Trial: Safety Lead-in With Triplet Therapy for BRAF V600E–Mutant Metastatic Disease
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Van Cutsem et al, treatment with encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab for BRAF V600E–mutant metastatic colorectal cancer was associated with a manageable safety profile and evidence of activity in the safety lead-in to the phase III BEACON ...
Germline Mutations and Risk for Neoplastic Disease Progression During Pancreatic Surveillance
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Abe et al found previously unidentified deleterious germline mutations in patients with family history as the basis for pancreatic surveillance. Moreover, the study showed the risk of pancreatic cancer was higher in individuals with germline...
Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancers After Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
In a Japanese retrospective study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Mohamad et al found that carbon ion radiotherapy was associated with a lower risk of subsequent primary cancers compared with photon radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. The study included data on 1,455 patients ...
Venetoclax Plus Low-Dose Cytarabine in Older Patients With Previously Untreated AML Ineligible for Intensive Chemotherapy
In a phase Ib/II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Wei et al found that the combination of venetoclax and low-dose cytarabine produced a high response rate in previously untreated older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. In...
Characteristics and Prognosis Associated With Thin Nodular Primary Melanomas
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Dessinioti et al found that thin nodular primary melanomas are associated with aggressive characteristics that may portend poorer prognosis vs superficial spreading melanomas. Study Details The study involved data on 5,062...
Lorlatinib in Advanced NSCLC With ALK Resistance Mutations
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shaw et al found that lorlatinib showed greater efficacy in patients with vs without anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) resistance mutations among patients with advanced ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in whom one or more...
Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting: 29-Year Follow-up of Scandinavian Trial
AS REPORTED in The New England Journal of Medicine by Anna Bill-Axelson, MD, PhD, Lars Holmberg, MD, PhD, both of Uppsala University Hospital, and and colleagues, the 29-year follow-up of the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) trial has shown that radical prostatectomy is...
Trastuzumab Biosimilar for HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer
ON DECEMBER 14, 2018, trastuzumab-pkrb (Herzuma) was approved as a biosimilar to trastuzumab for patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.1 Trastuzumab-pkrb is indicated for adjuvant treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer and metastatic HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.2 Health-care ...
Addition of Docetaxel to Androgen Suppression and Radiotherapy for Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Rosenthal et al, the phase III NRG Oncology RTOG 0521 trial showed that the addition of docetaxel to androgen suppression and radiotherapy improved overall and disease-free survival as well as the distant metastasis rate in patients with high-risk...
Patient Preferences for Oncologist and Primary Care Provider Roles After Initial Breast Cancer Treatment
In a study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Radhakrishnan et al found that the level of involvement of medical oncologists and primary care physicians during initial cancer care in women with early-stage breast cancer affected patients’ preference for provider roles after initial ...
Pachymeningeal Seeding After Neurosurgical Resection in Patients With Brain Metastases
In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Oncology, Cagney et al found that pachymeningeal seeding was fairly common after neurosurgical resection in patients with brain metastases treated with adjuvant stereotactic radiation. Study Details The study involved 1,188 consecutive patients...
Pertuzumab Plus Trastuzumab in HER2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Meric-Bernstam et al, the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab showed activity in HER2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer in the phase IIa multiple basket study MyPathway. The study is evaluating activity of targeted therapies in nonindicated tumor...
