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Showing 29901 - 29950Study Finds Modified CAR T Cells Can Selectively Target Solid Tumor Cells While Sparing Healthy Cells
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that are currently being tested to treat B-cell malignancies target a specific protein present on leukemia and lymphoma cells, but these immune cells cannot distinguish the cancer cells from healthy cells. However, the side effects from these CAR T cells...
Similar Outcomes With Tinzaparin vs Warfarin in Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer
In the phase III CATCH trial reported in JAMA, Lee et al found that the low–molecular-weight heparin tinzaparin (Innohep) did not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism vs warfarin in the treatment of acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with active...
Activity of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Kinase Inhibitor in Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors
In a phase I study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Tap et al found that a newly developed inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) kinase showed activity in tenosynovial giant cell tumors. CSF1 gene expression is elevated in most such tumors. The structure of the...
Aspirin Reduces Obesity-Related Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients With Lynch Syndrome
In an analysis of a randomized trial of aspirin in patients with Lynch syndrome reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Movahedi et al found that obesity was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, with the excess risk being restricted to those not receiving aspirin. ...
Fertility Concerns and Side Effects Keep Many Young Women With Breast Cancer From Taking or Completing Tamoxifen
Concerns about fertility kept one-third of young women with breast cancer surveyed in a recent study from taking tamoxifen, despite its known benefit in reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence. In addition, the study found fertility concerns led one-quarter of women who started...
Integration of Mutation Status to FLIPI Improves Risk Stratification for Patients Receiving First-Line Immunochemotherapy for Follicular Lymphoma
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Pastore et al found that the addition of mutation status of seven genes to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status produced a clinicogenetic model (m7-FLIPI) with high ...
Consolidative Radiotherapy Underused in Early‑Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vargo et al found that use of consolidative radiotherapy, which continues to decline, is associated with a survival benefit compared with multiagent chemotherapy alone in patients with early-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Study Details ...
Study Validates Method for Patient Reporting of Cancer Drug–Related Adverse Events
In cancer clinical trials, doctors typically report side effects that patients experience—not patients themselves. Previous research has shown that doctors underreport these symptoms. Ethan Basch, MD, MSc, Director of the UNC Lineberger Cancer Outcomes Research Program and Associate...
Black Women Have Higher Frequency of BRCA Mutations Than Previously Reported
Women who have inherited mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene are more likely to develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer, especially at a younger age. Approximately 5% of women with breast cancer in the United States have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, based on estimates in non-Hispanic white women. ...
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Lack of Sprouting Angiogenesis in Development of Lymph Node Metastases
In preclinical and clinical studies reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Jeong et al found a lack of sprouting angiogenesis in the formation of lymph node metastases, suggesting a potential mechanism for resistance to antiangiogenic treatments in adjuvant settings. The study...
Report of Secondary Outcomes in NSABP B-40 Indicates Improved Overall Survival With Neoadjuvant Plus Adjuvant Bevacizumab in Early Breast Cancer
The phase III NSABP B-40 (NRG Oncology) trial showed that the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to docetaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pathologic complete response rate, the primary endpoint, in patients with early HER2-negative breast cancer. In a report of secondary outcomes in The...
Longer Colonoscopies Linked to Lower Rate of Colorectal Cancer
Research by a Veterans Affairs team has confirmed that longer-lasting colonoscopies are associated with lower cancer rates. Their findings were published by Shaukat et al in Gastroenterology, and were based on nearly 77,000 screening colonoscopies. Experts already know about the link between...
Beta-Blockers May Prolong Survival in Women With Ovarian Cancer
In a first-of-its-kind study, researchers demonstrated a benefit in overall survival among patients with epithelial ovarian cancer receiving generic beta-blocker heart medications. Survival was shown to be greatest among those prescribed first-generation nonselective beta-blockers. According to...
European Trial Indicates No Additional Benefit From Preoperative Radiotherapy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC
In a phase III trial reported in The Lancet, Pless et al in the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research found that adding preoperative radiation following neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not appear to improve outcomes vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone in patients with stage IIIA/N2 non–small...
Introduction of Generic Aromatase Inhibitors Reduces Decline in Adherence in Medicare D Breast Cancer Patients Without Low-Income Subsidy
Adherence to aromatase inhibitor treatment for breast cancer declines over time. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Neuner et al found that introduction of generic aromatase inhibitors resulted in a reduction in decline in adherence among patients with breast...
Patients With Fewer Than 50 Moles May Be at Risk for More Aggressive Melanoma
People with more than 50 moles have an increased risk of developing melanoma, but those with fewer than 50 moles should still be alert for this disease. In fact, according to new research presented at the American Academy of Dermatology’s 2015 Summer Academy Meeting in New York, those with...
Imaging Probe May Be More Accurate Than the Best External Detector for Early Cervical Cancer Diagnosis
An endovaginal magnetic resonance imaging technique is more accurate at detecting early-stage cervical cancer than the best available external detection technique, a new study reported. Researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital found that using an...
Study Finds Many Women Experience Long-Term Psychosocial Consequences of False-Positive Screening Mammography
Although mammographic screening leads to reductions in breast cancer mortality, some women experience psychosocial side effects and do not benefit from screening, according to a study by Bolejko et al investigating the prevalence and predictors of the psychosocial consequences of false-positive...
Long-Term Use of Aspirin and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs May Be Associated With Reduced Colorectal Cancer Risk
A large population-based control study of the use of low-dose aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colorectal cancer risk has found that taking 75 mg to 150 mg of aspirin for 5 years or longer was associated with a 27% reduced risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, 5 or more...
Digital Gene Expression Cell of Origin Assay Shows High Prognostic Ability in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Scott et al found that the digital gene expression–based Lymph2Cx assay produced concordant cell of origin assignments in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and showed high...
FDA Approves Eltrombopag for Pediatric Patients With Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved eltrombopag (Promacta) for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients aged 1 year and older with chronic immune thrombocytopenia who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy. The approval was...
Study Evaluates Breast Cancer Mortality in Women With DCIS
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Narod et al found that the risk of breast cancer mortality was elevated in some patients with ductal carcinoma in situ compared with the general population, with the risk being higher in younger vs older women and black vs white women. Approximately half of...
Study Identifies Genes Associated With Improved Survival for Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
A multi-institutional study has found a new set of genes that may indicate improved survival after surgery for patients with pancreatic cancer. The study also showed that detection of circulating tumor DNA in the blood could provide an early indication of tumor recurrence. In conjunction with the...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy and Proflavine Staining May Speed Up Breast Cancer Diagnosis
New software could speed up breast cancer diagnosis with 90% accuracy without the need for a specialist, according to research published by Dobbs et al in Breast Cancer Research. This method could improve breast cancer management, particularly in developing countries, where pathologists are not...
Rolapitant Reduced Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
In two phase III trials reported in The Lancet Oncology, Rapoport et al found that the addition of rolapitant to serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and dexamethasone treatment significantly improved complete response rates in prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients...
Rolapitant Reduced Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy or Anthracycline/Cyclophosphamide
In a phase III study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Schwartzberg et al found that the addition of rolapitant to serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and dexamethasone treatment significantly improved complete response rates in prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients...
Danish Analysis Indicates Increased Risk of Late Adverse Outcomes in Patients Treated for Relapsed Disseminated Testicular Germ Cell Cancer
In a Danish analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lauritsen et al found that patients with testicular germ cell cancer who survived after more than one line of treatment for disseminated disease had an increased risk of late toxicity and death resulting from causes other than germ...
Black Women Less Likely Than Women of Other Races and Ethnicities to Survive Endometrial Cancer
Non-Hispanic black women with endometrial cancer had worse outcomes than women of other racial/ethnic groups diagnosed with the same subtype of endometrial cancer and at the same stage of disease, according to a study published by Cote et al in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention....
Multigene Panel Testing for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk Assessment
Multigene testing of women who tested negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 found some of them harbored other harmful genetic mutations—most commonly, moderate-risk breast and ovarian cancer genes, as well as Lynch syndrome genes (which increase the risk of ovarian cancer)—according to an...
Pembrolizumab Cutaneous Adverse Events May Predict Better Response
In a single-center retrospective review reported in JAMA Dermatology, Sanlorenzo et al found that cutaneous adverse events in patients receiving the anti–PD-1 agent pembrolizumab (Keytruda), currently approved for treatment of melanoma, may indicate better treatment response. Study Details...
Adjuvant Taxane-Based Chemotherapy Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Lymphedema, Study Finds
In women with breast cancer, taxane-based chemotherapy—docetaxel and paclitaxel—did not appear to increase the incidence of lymphedema, according to a study by Swaroop et al in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. However, the investigators did note that adjuvant chemotherapy with...
Analysis Indicates That Tubal Ligation Is Associated With Lower Endometrial Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Improved Survival
In an analysis from the NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group 210 trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Felix et al found that tubal ligation, which should impede transtubal passage of cells, was associated with lower stage of endometrial cancer at presentation and...
Complete Resection of High-Grade Gliomas Yields Better Survival in Children, Especially Girls
For children with aggressive brain cancers called high-grade gliomas, the chances of survival are improved when surgery is successful in eliminating all visible cancer, according to a report published by McCrea et al in Neurosurgery. In addition to showing better survival with gross total...
Persistent HPV16 DNA in Post-Treatment Oral Rinse Associated With Poor Prognosis in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
In a prospective cohort study reported in JAMA Oncology, Rettig et al found that persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA in post-treatment oral rinses was associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. The study included 124 patients treated with...
Similar Survival With Salvage Surgery After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy vs Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer
In a retrospective European study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Markar et al found that salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy was associated with similar survival outcomes vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by planned esophagectomy in treatment of...
Organ Transplant Recipients May Be More Likely to Develop Aggressive Melanoma
Organ transplant recipients are twice as likely to develop melanoma as people who do not undergo a transplant and three times more likely to die of the skin cancer, suggested new research by a multi-institutional team. The findings, reported by Robbins et al in the Journal of Investigative...
Study Finds Music Therapy Lowers Anxiety During Surgical Breast Biopsies
A first-of-its-kind study published by Bradley Palmer et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology found that music therapy lessened anxiety for women undergoing surgical breast biopsies for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The 2-year study, conducted at University Hospitals (UH) Seidman Cancer Center, ...
FDA Grants Regular Approval to Brentuximab Vedotin as Post-Transplant Consolidation Therapy for High-Risk Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) as post–autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation consolidation treatment for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma at high risk of relapse or progression, Seattle Genetics has announced. The...
Long-Term Results of Dutch CROSS Trial Indicate Continued Survival Benefit With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer
Initial results of the Dutch phase III CROSS trial showed a significant 5-year overall survival benefit with the addition of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to surgery after a median 45-month follow-up in patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric...
Study Identifies Gene Mutations Associated With Aggressive Multiple Myeloma
Using whole-exome sequencing on newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma, British researchers identified 15 genes that were significantly mutated in a subset of patients and mapped how these mutations related to long-term survival. They found 90% of patients with very aggressive disease who...
Hypofractionation of Breast Radiotherapy Associated With Reduced Acute Toxicity
In an analysis reported in JAMA Oncology, Jagsi et al found that hypofractionation of whole-breast radiotherapy was associated with reduced acute toxicity compared with conventional fractionation. Study Details The study involved data on physician-assessed toxic effects and patient-reported...
Study Reveals Effects of Chemoradiation in Brains of Glioblastoma Patients
A study from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center researchers—the first to examine the effects of combined radiation and chemotherapy on the healthy brain tissue of glioblastoma patients—revealed not only specific structural changes within patients’ brains, but also...
Preclinical Study Shows MRI and Chemical Contrast Solution Combination Can Detect Breast Cancer Micrometastases
Researchers have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect the earliest signs of breast cancer recurrence and fast-growing tumors through detecting micrometastases, breakaway tumor cells with the potential to develop into dangerous secondary breast cancer tumors elsewhere in the body....
Higher Coffee Intake Associated With Significantly Reduced Cancer Recurrence and Increased Survival in Patients With Late-Stage Colon Cancer
A large observational study investigating the effect of coffee consumption on advanced-stage colon cancer and survival has found that patients who drank four or more cups of coffee a day were 42% less likely to experience a recurrence than non-coffee drinkers and were 33% less likely to die from...
Most Stage-Specific Survival Improvement in Women With Breast Cancer Under Age 70 Is Not Explained by Tumor Size or Estrogen Receptor Status
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Park et al found that most of the improvement in breast cancer–specific mortality observed over time in the United States is not explained by tumor size or estrogen receptor status in women aged < 70 years, suggesting a major...
POLE-Mutant and Microsatellite-Unstable Endometrial Tumors May Be Candidates for Anti–PD-1 Treatment
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Howitt et al found that polymerase e (POLE)-mutant and microsatellite-unstable endometrial tumors may be candidates for anti–PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) immunotherapy. Study Details In the study, neoantigen load was predicted on the basis of...
Adding Oxaliplatin to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Postoperative Chemotherapy Improves Disease-Free Survival in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Final results of the German phase III CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology by Rödel et al showed that adding oxaliplatin to fluorouracil (5-FU)–based neoadjuvant chemoradiation and postoperative chemotherapy improved disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced ...
Malaria-Causing Parasite May Contribute to Development of Burkitt Lymphoma
In an equatorial African region known as the “lymphoma belt,” children are ten times more likely than in other parts of the world to develop Burkitt lymphoma. This area is also plagued by high rates of malaria, and scientists have spent the past 50 years trying to understand how the two ...
Combining Interleukin-2 With Imiquimod and Topical Retinoid Therapy May Be Effective Against Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma
A novel combination therapy appears to be effective in treating patients with melanoma skin metastases, according to new research from the University of California (UC) Davis. Led by Emanual Maverakis, MD, of the UC Davis Department of Dermatology, the research found that interleukin-2...
Identification of Risk Factors for Melanoma in Survivors of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Risk for melanoma has been found to be increased in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lam et al found that T-cell–activating autoimmune diseases and fludarabine use were associated with an increased melanoma risk among patients with ...
