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Showing 21651 - 21700Epigenetic Imprint of Chemotherapy Linked to Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors
Many breast cancer survivors experience fatigue and other debilitating symptoms that persist months to years after their course of treatment has ended. Now researchers at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University have found clues that may explain how these symptoms can linger. Chemotherapy...
Novel Cancer Vaccine Shows Promise in Ovarian Cancer and Mesothelioma
A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy may provide a new and cost-effective strategy against ovarian cancer and mesothelioma. In a study published in the Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Yuan et al reported that a fusion protein engineered to combine a molecule targeting a tumor-cell-surface ...
Same Progression-Free Survival, Better Quality of Life With Lower-Dose Weekly vs Every-3-Week Carboplatin/Paclitaxel in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
In an open-label phase III trial (MITO-7) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Pignata et al found that while a lower-dose weekly carboplatin/paclitaxel regimen did not improve progression-free survival compared with standard every-3-week carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line treatment of advanced...
Study Finds More Hospital Deaths and Invasive Care for Terminal Cancer Patients Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy
Patients with terminal cancer who receive chemotherapy during the last months of their lives are less likely to die where they want and more likely to endure invasive medical procedures than those who do not receive chemotherapy, according to a study by Wright et al published in BMJ. The findings...
Childhood Cancer Survivors at Very High Risk of Later Endocrine Disorders in Scandinavian Study
In a population-based cohort study (Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia, or ALiCCS) reported in The Lancet, Licht et al assessed the lifetime risk of endocrine disorders in Scandinavian long-term survivors of childhood cancer. They found a nearly fivefold increased risk of hospital...
Blood Test Could Improve Treatment for Children With Late-Stage Neuroblastoma
Research by Viprey et al has found that the detection of neuroblastoma mRNAs in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates from children diagnosed with stage IV neuroblastoma are independent predictors of event-free survival and overall survival. Their findings could help identify children with...
Screening With Visual Inspection of Cervix After 4% Acetic Acid Could Reduce Cervical Cancer Mortality by 22,000 per Year in India
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in India, a nation where large-scale Pap smear screening is not feasible. As reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Shastri et al have performed a large cluster-randomized study of education and screening of Indian...
‘Real World’ Safety Study of Vemurafenib in BRAF V600–Mutated Metastatic Melanoma Shows Similar Safety Profile as Pivotal Trials
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Larkin et al, interim results of a safety study designed to reflect the spectrum of patients encountered in routine practice suggest that vemurafenib (Zelboraf) has a safety profile in patients with BRAF V600–mutated metastatic melanoma similar to that...
BPA Exposure May Be Linked to Prostate Cancer, Study Shows
A new study suggests that levels of bisphenola A (BPA) in men’s urine may be a marker of prostate cancer and that low levels of BPA exposure can cause cellular changes in both nonmalignant and malignant prostate cells. The research, published in PLOS ONE, provides the first evidence that...
Meta-Analysis Shows Survival Benefit of Preoperative Chemotherapy in NSCLC
In a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis reported in The Lancet, the NSCLC Meta-analysis Collaborative Group found that neoadjuvant therapy for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was associated with a significant 13% reduction in risk of death. Significant benefits in...
Study Identifies Possible New Target for Future Glioblastoma Drugs
A molecule in cells that shuts down the expression of genes might be a promising target for new drugs designed to treat the most frequent and lethal form of brain cancer, according to a new study by Yan et al published in Cancer Research. The findings show that high levels of the enzyme PRMT5...
No Overall Survival Advantage for Escalated-Dose vs Control-Dose Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer at 10 Years
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Dearnaley et al, the 10-year follow-up of the phase III open-label MRC RT01 trial showed continued benefit of escalated-dose vs control-dose conformal radiotherapy in biochemical progression-free survival in patients with prostate cancer but no overall survival ...
Study Finds Possible New Gene Target for Lung Cancer
Researchers have identified a potential new gene mutation that may drive lung cancer development and growth. In a study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation by Imielinski et al, a patient with advanced lung cancer who was found to have the ARAF S214Csomatic gene mutation achieved nearly a...
Early Palliative Care Benefits Patients With Advanced Cancer
In a study published in The Lancet, Zimmermann et al compared quality of life, symptom severity, and care satisfaction with early initiation of palliative care vs standard cancer care in patients with advanced cancer. Although early palliative care was not associated with improved quality of life...
Standard 24 Gy More Effective Than 4 Gy in Radiotherapy for Indolent Lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma has been found to respond to radiotherapy doses as low as 4 Gy. In the phase III FORT trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hoskin et al compared radiotherapy with 4 Gy in two fractions vs 24 Gy in 12 fractions in patients with indolent lymphoma, finding that the 24-Gy regimen...
Tumor Protein Predicts Response to Chemotherapy in Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Patients with the most common type of esophageal cancer are less likely to respond to chemotherapy when their tumors are high in a protein called leptin, according to a study by Bain et al published in the British Journal of Cancer. Study Details Researchers from the University of Aberdeen...
Anthropometric and Hormonal Factors Increase Risk for Male Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Brinton et al assessed the role of anthropometric, medical history, and hormone-related factors in male breast cancer in the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project. Factors found to be associated with risk included height,...
Event-Free Survival at 24 Months Can Serve as Endpoint for Disease-Related Outcome in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Immunochemotherapy
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Maurer et al found that patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with immunochemotherapy who achieve event-free survival at 24 months have overall survival that does not differ significantly from that in the general...
Adding Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Advanced Cervical Cancer
Retreatment with cisplatin has reduced effectiveness in patients with recurrent cervical cancer who have received cisplatin with radiation therapy. In a 2×2 factorial phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Tewari et al compared cisplatin/paclitaxel vs nonplatinum...
Bevacizumab Added to Radiotherapy/Temozolomide Improves Progression-Free Survival but Not Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
In a double-blind phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Chinot et al assessed adding bevacizumab (Avastin) to radiotherapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This was the second of two similar studies published in the February 20 issue of...
Selenium and Vitamin E Supplements May Increase Risk of Prostate Cancer in Some Men
A multicenter study led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has found that high-dose supplementation with both the trace element selenium and vitamin E may increase the risk of high-grade prostate cancer. This risk is dependent upon a man’s selenium status prior to taking the...
Large Study Shows Preventive Ovarian Surgery in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Should Be Performed Early for Greatest Benefit
The findings of a large international prospective study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Finch et al suggest for the first time that women with BRCA1 mutations should have prophylactic oophorectomy by age 35, as waiting until a later age appears to increase the risk of ovarian...
Methotrexate-Induced Neurotoxicity Does Not Preclude Rechallenge in Children With ALL
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bhojwani et al from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital assessed clinical, pharmacokinetic, and genetic risk factors for methotrexate-related clinical neurotoxicity and asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy in children with acute...
Adding Bevacizumab to Radiotherapy and Temozolomide Does Not Improve Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
In a double-blind phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Gilbert et al assessed adding bevacizumab (Avastin), which is currently approved in recurrent glioblastoma, to radiotherapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The addition of bevacizumab...
Hormone Therapy Associated With Improved Survival in Women With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Survival among people with lung cancer has been better for women than men, and the findings of a recent study indicate that female hormones may be a factor in this difference. The combination of estrogen plus progesterone and the use of long-term hormone therapy were associated with the most...
Minimal Pleural Effusion Predicts Poorer Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ryu et al found that presence of minimal pleural effusion is associated with worsened survival in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with no effusion, particularly among patients with early-stage disease. Study...
Final Report From Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Supports Sentinel-Node Biopsy for Thick and Intermediate-Thickness Melanomas
The 10-year follow-up of the Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT), reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Morton et al in the MSLT Group, provides support for use of sentinel-node biopsy for thick melanomas, as well as for intermediate-thickness melanomas. Current...
No Progression-Free Survival Difference for Dovitinib vs Sorafenib in Third-Line Targeted Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway activation may be a mechanism of escape from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapies. In a phase III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Motzer et al compared the VEGF and FGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor dovitinib vs sorafenib...
Study Identifies Common Driver of a Childhood Brain Tumor
The St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital–Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project has identified the most common genetic alteration ever reported in the brain tumor ependymoma and evidence that the alteration drives tumor development. The findings were published online in...
Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer Report Decreased Quality of Voice and Speech After Treatment
Patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy reported a decrease in their voice and speech quality for up to 1 year after the completion of treatment, according to research presented today at the 2014 Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Symposium....
Unilateral Radiotherapy for Advanced Tonsil Cancer Yields Favorable Outcome
New research suggests that it is safe to limit radiation therapy to lymph nodes on only one side of the neck for lateralized tonsil cancer. In addition, the study findings show that primary tumor location, rather than the amount of lymph node involvement on the tumor side of the neck, drives the...
Pathologic Complete Response Has Prognostic Value in Breast Cancer, But Is Not Supported as Surrogate for Event-Free or Overall Survival
Pathologic complete response has been proposed as a surrogate endpoint for long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established the international Collaborative Trials in Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer working group to perform a pooled analysis of...
Use of Intravenous Pegaspargase in Adapted Pediatric Regimen Is Feasible in Adults With Newly Diagnosed ALL
Asparaginase treatment, standard in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regimens, is excluded or used for shorter durations in treatment of adults with ALL due to risk of toxicity. In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Douer et al evaluated a pegaspargase (Oncaspar) dosing...
HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer Associated With Higher Overall Survival Rate After Progression Than HPV-Negative Disease
A retrospective analysis of patients with oropharyngeal cancer with recurrence of disease after primary therapy in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) studies 0129 and 0522 found that human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients had a higher overall survival rate than HPV-negative patients, ...
Daily Humidification of the Mouth and Throat During Radiation for Head and Neck Cancer Reduces Mucositis
New study findings show that patients with head and neck cancer receiving daily humidification of the mouth and throat during radiation therapy had reduced symptoms of muscositis and spent nearly 50% fewer days in the hospital to manage their treatment side effects. The study by Macann et al was...
New Finding Points to Potential Options for Targeting Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
New research from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center and Georgia Regents University has found that a protein that regulates an inflammatory pathway does not turn off in breast cancer, resulting in an increase in cancer stem cells. This finding may provide a potential target for...
Molecular Features of Invasive Bladder Cancer Resemble Those of Breast Cancer
Using whole-genome mRNA-expression profiling, researchers have identified three molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancers that shared molecular features with basal and luminal breast cancers. The findings have important implications for prognostication, the future clinical development...
Nonsentinel Lymph Node Status Independently Predicts Melanoma-Specific Survival in Patients With Two or Three Positive Nodes
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Pasquali et al assessed the prognostic utility of nonsentinel lymph node status in patients with cutaneous melanoma. They found that nonsentinel lymph node status was a significant independent predictor of melanoma-specific survival in...
Age and Comorbidity Affect Completion of Adjuvant Trastuzumab Therapy in Older Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
In a population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vaz-Luis et al assessed duration and toxicity of adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin) in older patients with early-stage breast cancer. They found that age and comorbidity affected treatment completion rates and that significant...
Rituximab Active in Nodular Lymphocyte–Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Mature results of a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Advani et al indicate that rituximab (Rituxan) is active in nodular lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, which is characterized by expression of CD20 by malignant cells. Most patients relapsed, but durable...
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Applauds FDA's Approval of Ibrutinib for CLL
In response to FDA's approval earlier this week of ibrutinib (Imbruvica) to treat patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who had received at least one prior therapy, The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) issued the following statement: "After the FDA designated ibrutinib as a...
Blacks, Hispanics, Older Americans Not Benefiting Equally From Improvements in Colon Cancer Treatment
While new and better treatments have improved the odds of survival for patients diagnosed with late-stage colorectal cancer, that progress has been largely confined to non-Hispanic whites and Asians and those under age 65, according to a new study published in Cancer Causes and Control. Sineshaw et ...
Lenalidomide, Particularly When Combined With Oral Melphalan, Increases Risk of Second Primary Hematologic Malignancy in Myeloma Therapy
Lenalidomide (Revlimid) has been associated with risk for second primary malignancies in patients with myeloma. In a meta-analysis of individual patient data reported in The Lancet Oncology, Palumbo et al found that lenalidomide was associated with a significantly increased risk of second primary...
Researchers Discover Preleukemic Stem Cell at Root of AML Relapse
Researchers have discovered a preleukemic stem cell that may be the first step in initiating disease and also the culprit that evades therapy and triggers relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The research, published online in Nature, is a significant step forward in...
Aspirin and NSAID Use Reduce Risk of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Trabert et al in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium found that aspirin use and high-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use were associated with significant reductions in risk for ovarian cancer, with the greatest...
Findings With Comparative Genomic Hybridization Array and DNA Sequencing Indicate Feasibility of Personalized Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer
In the SAFIR01/UNICANCER study reported in The Lancet Oncology, André et al used comparative genomic hybridization and Sanger sequencing on metastatic breast cancer biopsy samples to determine the proportion of cases in which targeted therapy could be offered. They found that screening...
No Mortality Benefit of Mammography Screening in 25-Year Follow-up of Canadian National Breast Screening Study
As reported in BMJ by Miller et al, the 25-year follow-up of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study has shown no mortality benefit of annual mammography screening for breast cancer compared with physical examination or usual care. Mammography screening was associated with...
FDA Approves Ibrutinib for the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today expanded the approved use of ibrutinib (Imbruvica) for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have received at least one previous therapy. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was previously...
SSO-ASTRO Consensus Guideline: Margins Wider Than 'No Ink on Tumor' Do Not Further Reduce Risk of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence
The Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) and American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) formed a multidisciplinary expert panel in 2013 to examine the relationship between surgical margin width and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and develop guidelines on margins for breast-conserving...
Antifungal Itraconazole Shows Activity in Basal Cell Carcinoma
In an open-label exploratory phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kim et al found that the antifungal agent itraconazole, which inhibits the Hedgehog signaling pathway, reduced tumor cell proliferation, Hedgehog pathway activity, and tumor area in patients with basal cell...
