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Showing 1551 - 1600Longer-Term Follow-up From ADAURA Supports Adjuvant Osimertinib as Standard of Care for EGFR-Mutated Stage IB to IIIA NSCLC
With longer-term follow-up, adjuvant treatment with osimertinib led to a 77% reduction in the risk of disease recurrence or death following complete resection vs placebo-treated patients with EGFR-mutated, stage II to IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Disease-free survival was improved...
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Treatment and Prognosis, Part 1
The ASCO Post is pleased to present Hematology Expert Review, an ongoing feature that quizzes readers on issues in hematology. In this installment, Drs. Syed Ali Abutalib and Mrinal M. Patnaik explore the current treatment and prognosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. For each quiz question...
Personalized Breast Cancer Screening Model May Improve Outcomes and Reduce Overdiagnosis
Researchers have created a model for predicting an individual’s breast cancer risk that could be used to create personalized breast cancer screening strategies, according to a new study published by Louro et al in the European Journal of Cancer. The research, also presented at the 13th European...
PALLAS Trial: No Benefit Reported for Adjuvant Palbociclib in Stage IIA Hormone Receptor–Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
In a preplanned analysis of the stage IIA cohort of the PALLAS trial, the addition of adjuvant palbociclib to standard endocrine therapy did not improve outcomes over endocrine therapy alone. This finding suggests this agent provides no benefit in reducing the risk of early relapse in patients with ...
Short Course of Radiotherapy With Concurrent Radiation Boost for High-Risk, Early-Stage Breast Cancer
A 3-week course of radiation therapy including a concomitant boost of radiation to the surgical site appears to be as safe and effective as 4 to 6 weeks of radiation therapy given with a sequential boost of radiation for patients with early-stage breast cancer who have a high risk of recurrence....
The NordICC Trial: The Devil Is in the Details
Colorectal cancer ranks third among cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States, with an estimated 150,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths anticipated in 2022.1 Colorectal cancer rates have declined by approximately 2% per year from 2014 to 2018 in people older than age 50, which is...
Trametinib With or Without Dabrafenib in Pediatric BRAF V600–Mutant Low-Grade Glioma
In a phase I/II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Eric Bouffet, MD, and colleagues found that trametinib alone or in combination with dabrafenib was safe and showed activity in pediatric patients with BRAF V600–mutant low-grade glioma. Study Details In the international four-part ...
CAR T-Cell Therapy Outcomes Similar Across Different Socioeconomic Levels Among Patients With Pediatric ALL
Although socioeconomic status often influences survival outcomes, pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were living in poverty and were treated with CAR T-cell therapy achieved similar overall survival and were equally likely to achieve a complete...
Randomized Phase II Trial Shows Benefits of Prophylactic Radiation Therapy for Asymptomatic Bone Metastases
The use of prophylactic radiation therapy for patients with metastatic cancer who had asymptomatic, high-risk bone metastases reduced the incidence of skeletal-related events, reduced pain and the number of hospitalizations, and was associated with significantly longer overall survival compared...
Prophylactic Bilateral Mastectomy Among Women With Breast Cancer and Pathogenic Variants in High-Penetrance and Moderate-Penetrance Genes
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Reid et al found that undergoing prophylactic bilateral mastectomy was as common in women with breast cancer with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in ATM and CHEK2 (moderate-penetrance genes) as in those with variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2...
Sodium Thiosulfate to Reduce the Risk of Cisplatin-Related Ototoxicity in Pediatric Patients With Localized Solid Tumors
On September 20, 2022, sodium thiosulfate was approved to reduce the risk of ototoxicity associated with cisplatin in pediatric patients (aged ≥ 1 month) with localized, nonmetastatic solid tumors.1 Supporting Efficacy Data Approval was based on findings in the multicenter open-label SIOPEL 6...
Early Discontinuation of Full Treatment Regimen or Oxaliplatin Alone in Patients Receiving Adjuvant Oxaliplatin/Fluoropyrimidine Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer
In a pooled analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gallois et al found that early discontinuation of adjuvant oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens—consisting of FOLFOX (infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) or CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin)—was associated...
Cost-Effectiveness of COG Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines for Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors Who Received Chest Irradiation
In a cost-effective analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Wong et al found that only the mammography component of the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) breast cancer screening guidelines for chest-irradiated Hodgkin lymphoma survivors was cost-effective; magnetic resonance imaging...
Prevalence of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Rectal Adenocarcinoma in a Prospective Screening Program
As reported in a letter published in The New England Journal of Medicine by Papke et al, data from a prospective biopsy screening program at a large gastrointestinal pathology group indicate that approximately 3% of rectal adenocarcinomas are mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient. Study Background As...
Rare Germline ATM Variants in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
In a single-institution analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Benjamin L. Lampson, MD, and colleagues found a higher prevalence of rare germline ATM variants in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) vs other lymphoid and myeloid disorders. They also determined that patients with CLL...
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Patients Living With HIV: Safe and Effective in Metastatic NSCLC
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are safe and effective for people living with HIV who have metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to data presented by El Zarif et al at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) 2022 Annual Meeting (Abstract 437). Findings from the first matched...
CNS-Directed Therapy and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Survivors of Childhood ALL Receiving No Cranial Irradiation
In a single-institution study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jacola et al found that survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy excluding cranial irradiation had poorer outcomes in numerous neurocognitive...
Lisocabtagene Maraleucel Improves Event-Free Survival in Second-Line Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory LBCL
As reported in The Lancet by Manali Kamdar, MD, of the University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, and colleagues, an interim analysis of the phase III TRANSFORM trial has shown significantly improved event-free survival with second-line lisocabtagene maraleucel vs standard-of-care salvage...
Multilayered Approach to Financial Toxicity Solutions for Patients With Cancer and Their Families
With out-of-pocket costs of cancer care exceeding $21 billion in 2019, financial toxicity among patients and their families in the United States has become too prevalent to ignore. In fact, more than 50% of working-age survivors now report at least one material, psychological, or behavioral domain...
Global Effort to Eliminate Cervical Cancer: HPV Vaccinations Are Steadily Increasing in the United States, but Barriers Still Exist
To achieve its goal of eliminating cervical cancer, the World Health Organization (WHO) is calling on all countries “to reach and maintain an incidence rate of below 4 per 100,000 women.” Doing so would depend on the following: A total of 90% of girls being fully vaccinated against human...
With Newer Therapies, AML Diagnosis and Prognosis Evolve
For many years, treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were limited mainly to the 7 + 3 regimen. However, more recently, a mini-explosion of AML therapies aimed at newly identified genetic targets makes discussions about treatment of this disease much more complicated. In fact, these...
Sotorasib: A New Standard of Care for Second- or Third-Line Treatment of KRAS G12C–Mutated NSCLC?
The KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib doubled the rate of progression-free survival at 12 months and reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 34% compared with standard second-line docetaxel for patients with previously treated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and KRAS G12C mutations....
Study Finds Nearly Half of Black Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer Never Receive Information About Clinical Trial Participation
When Stephanie L. Walker, RN, was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer in 2015, she was not given information about an appropriate clinical trial or help navigating her way through the financial difficulties she was having after a stroke from complications of the cancer forced her to leave her...
How to Advance Antiracist Approaches to Patient Engagement in AYA Oncology and Research
Among the topics discussed at the 4th Global Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Congress held online in December 2021 was the urgent need for clinicians, researchers, and advocates in adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology to join forces to eradicate racist approaches to patient engagement in...
Newly Diagnosed AML: Induction to Maintenance
When it is dark enough, you can see the stars.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson Low-intensity therapy for older or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was introduced in the early 2000s in the form of low-dose cytarabine or hypomethylation therapy (azacitidine or decitabine). Recent studies...
‘TRANSFORMING’ Our Thinking About Second-Line Therapy for High-Risk Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Bring in the CARs
As reported in The Lancet by Kamdar et al,1 and summarized in this issue of The ASCO Post, the international phase III TRANSFORM trial was completed in 184 patients with primary refractory or early (≤ 12 months) relapsed large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Patients were randomly assigned to receive...
Some Head and Neck Cancer Survivors May Be at Greater Risk for Long-Term Gastrostomy Tube Use
A small subset of patients who have undergone treatment for head and neck cancer may require a gastrostomy tube many years into survivorship, according to a new study published by Galloway et al in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, and Physics. The findings were also...
Addition of Brentuximab Vedotin to Chemotherapy in Pediatric High-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Castellino et al, the phase III Children’s Oncology Group (COG) AHOD1331 trial showed improved event-free survival with brentuximab vedotin plus chemotherapy vs standard chemotherapy in previously untreated pediatric patients with high-risk...
Association of FLT3-ITD Measurable Residual Disease With Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed AML
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Grob et al found that next-generation sequencing detection of FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) measurable residual disease (MRD) in complete remission was associated with markedly increased risk of relapse and poorer overall...
Sequencing of Short-Duration ADT With Radiotherapy in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer
In a pooled analysis (SANDSTORM) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ma et al found that concurrent/adjuvant short-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with prostate-only radiotherapy (PORT) was associated with better outcomes in multiple measures vs neoadjuvant/concurrent ADT with...
Sequential Dosing of Olaparib and Adavosertib in Patients With Advanced Tumors
Olaparib and adavosertib can be safely used to treat patients with cancers that are driven by certain mutations occurring in response to DNA damage if they are given in sequence rather than concurrently, according to a novel study published by Yap et al in the European Journal of Cancer. The...
Researchers Identify Specific Mutations in the BRAF Gene That May Affect Response to Treatment and Survival in Adult Brain Cancers
Researchers have identified a range of genetic mutations in gliomas that may help them understand how different mutations in the BRAF gene interact with other gene mutations—and which ones are more susceptible to targeted treatments in adults—according to a new study published by Schreck et al in...
Expert Point of View: Jean-Yves Blay, MD, PhD
The invited discussant of the DeFi trial was Jean-Yves Blay, MD, PhD, General Director of the Center Bérard, Lyon, France, and President of Unicancer, the French Federation of Cancer Centers. He called the DeFi study a “rigorous trial” in a “representative population” that “introduces a new class...
DeFi Trial: Novel Gamma Secretase Inhibitor Halts Progression of Desmoid Tumors
Patients with rare desmoid tumors may finally have an effective treatment. A first-in-class gamma secretase inhibitor, nirogacestat, led to an improvement in progression-free survival in the phase III DeFi trial. The results were presented during the Presidential Symposium at the European Society...
NICHE-2: ‘Unprecedented’ Waterfall Plot Achieved With Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in dMMR Colon Cancer
Treatment with neoadjuvant immunotherapy in colon cancer resulted in major pathologic responses in 95% of patients, NICHE-2 investigators reported at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2022.1 Additionally, after 4 weeks of nivolumab plus ipilimumab, 67% of patients with...
Negative Phase III Trials May Dampen Enthusiasm for Immunotherapy in the Adjuvant Setting in Kidney Cancer
Three negative phase III trials presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2022 may dampen enthusiasm for immunotherapy as adjuvant therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). None of the three trials—CheckMate 914, IMmotion010, and PROSPER—met its primary endpoint.1-3 The...
RADICALS-HD Trial: Duration of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy With Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy
The addition of 24 months of androgen-deprivation therapy to postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy provided a metastasis-free survival benefit and improved the time to salvage therapy in patients with prostate cancer, according to the preliminary results from the RADICALS-HD trial...
IPSOS Trial: Platinum-Ineligible Patients With NSCLC May Gain Survival Benefit From Atezolizumab Therapy
In platinum-ineligible patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), first-line treatment with the PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab improved overall survival by an absolute value of about 1 month but almost doubled the rate of 2-year overall survival compared with chemotherapy...
Sotorasib: A New Standard of Care for Second- or Third-Line Treatment of KRAS G12C–Mutated NSCLC?
The KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib doubled the rate of progression-free survival at 12 months and reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 34% compared with standard second-line docetaxel for patients with previously treated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and KRAS G12C mutations....
The NordICC Trial: The Devil Is in the Details
Colorectal cancer ranks third among cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States, with an estimated 106,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths anticipated in 2022.1 Colorectal cancer rates have declined by approximately 2% per year from 2014 to 2018 in people over the age of 50 years, which is ...
Longer-Term Follow-up From ADAURA Supports Adjuvant Osimertinib as Standard of Care for EGFR-Mutated Stage IB to IIIA NSCLC
With longer-term follow-up, adjuvant treatment with osimertinib led to a 77% reduction in the risk of disease recurrence or death following complete resection vs placebo-treated patients with EGFR-mutated, stage II to IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Disease-free survival was improved...
PSA Screening Rates and Incidence of Metastatic Prostate Cancer at VHA Facilities
In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Oncology, Bryant et al found that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening rates at Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities declined between 2005 and 2019—and that diagnoses of metastatic prostate cancer increased over the same time period....
Genomic Microsatellite Signature Assay to Identify Germline MMRD in Patients With CMMRD
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chung et al described the performance of a newly developed assay using genomic microsatellite signatures (LOGIC; low-pass genomic instability characterization) in detecting germline mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) in patients with the...
Increased Mortality From Comorbid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Associated With Increased Social Vulnerability
In a U.S.-based cross-sectional study reported in JACC: CardioOncology, Sarju Ganatra, MD, of Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, and colleagues found that mortality from comorbid cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was significantly higher in counties with higher...
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy With Relatlimab and Nivolumab in Stage III Melanoma
The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors relatlimab and nivolumab for patients with stage III melanoma given before surgery was safe and completely cleared all viable tumor in 57% of patients in a phase II study, according to findings published by Amaria et al in Nature. In addition to...
Phase II Trial Reports High Response Rates With Neoadjuvant Cemiplimab in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
In an international, multicenter phase II clinical trial, almost two-thirds of patients with stage II to IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma had tumors nearly or completely eradicated by neoadjuvant treatment with cemiplimab-rwlc, an agent targeting PD-1. The results were presented at the European ...
Have Changes in Cancer Therapy Over Time Affected the Risk of Breast Cancer Among Female Childhood Cancer Survivors?
In an analysis from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study reported in JAMA Oncology, Tara O. Henderson, MD, MPH, and colleagues found that rates of invasive breast cancer have declined over time among female survivors of childhood cancer, with the reduction appearing to be largely associated with...
AACR and ASCO Release Joint Policy Statement on Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and ASCO have released a joint policy statement outlining the latest research on the use of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and recommendations for regulating these products to protect public health. The...
3-Week Course of Radiotherapy With Concurrent Radiation Boost Found to Be Safe and Effective for Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer and Elevated Risk of Recurrence
A 3-week course of radiation therapy is as safe and effective as 4 to 6 weeks of treatment for patients with early-stage breast cancer who have a higher risk of having their tumors recur, results of a randomized phase III clinical trial show. Delivering fewer, but higher, doses of radiation...
Response-Adapted Ultra–Low Dose Radiation Achieves Complete Response in Majority of Patients With Orbital Indolent B-Cell Lymphomas
Using a novel response-adapted ultra–low dose radiation therapy strategy, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center observed a 90% complete response rate in patients with orbital indolent B-cell lymphomas. Results were presented by Pinnix et al at the 2022 American Society...
