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Showing 1251 - 1300AACR 2018: Prototype Assays Suggest Highly Specific Blood Test to Screen for Cancer Is Feasible
Initial findings from the Circulating Cell-Free Genome Atlas (CCGA) study showed that prototype sequencing assays tested in this analysis may facilitate the development of a highly specific blood test for early cancer detection, according to data presented at the American Association for Cancer...
NIH Completes In-Depth Genomic Analysis of 33 Cancer Types
Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have completed a detailed genomic analysis, known as the Pan-Cancer Atlas, on a data set of molecular and clinical information from over 10,000 tumors representing 33 types of cancer. “This project is the culmination of more than...
How Will ctDNA Assays Aid in Managing Breast Cancer?
CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA (ctDNA) assays are now commercially available for use in lung cancer and melanoma, where they can identify the presence of specific mutations that drive treatment selection. In breast cancer, ctDNA remains more of a research tool, but this is poised to change. At the 2018...
A Tribute to Two Amazing Scientists
Dr. Collins is Director of the National Institutes of Health. Originally posted on March 19, 2018, to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director’s Blog (https://directorsblog. nih.gov). OVER THE PAST couple of weeks, we’ve lost two legendary scientists who made major contributions to our...
Immunotherapy in Recurrent and Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
In an international phase II trial (Mayo Clinic Phase 2 Consortium–NCI-9742) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ma et al found that nivolumab (Opdivo) was active in previously treated recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Study Details In the study, 44 evaluable...
SGO 2018: Immunotherapy/PARP Inhibitor Combination Produces Remissions in Ovarian Cancer
A combination of the immunotherapy pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and the DNA repair–blocking agent niraparib (Zejula) can be significantly more effective than either drug alone in women with hard-to-treat ovarian cancer, a phase I/II clinical trial led by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers...
EBCC-11: Double Mastectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Carriers
Healthy women who carry a breast cancer–causing mutation in the BRCA1 gene not only reduce their risk of developing the disease but also their chances of dying from it if they have both breasts removed, according to new research presented at the 11th European Breast Cancer Conference...
SGO 2018: PARP-7 Protein May Play a Significant Role in Survival for Ovarian Cancer
Patients with ovarian cancer with genetic amplification in the PARP-7 protein survived longer than those without the mutation, according to a presentation at the Society of Gynecologic Oncology’s (SGO) 2018 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. These results call for researchers to further...
Genomic Copy Number Aberrations and Extremely Poor Survival in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Depuydt et al identified two genomic copy number aberrations associated with risk of extremely poor survival in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Study Details The international collaborative study included normalized...
Conquer Cancer Foundation Recognizes 70 Young Oncology Researchers’ Findings With Merit Awards
ASCO’s Conquer Cancer Foundation is pleased to announce the recipients of its Merit Awards in gastrointestinal cancers, clinical immuno-oncology, genitourinary cancers, and cancer survivorship. The following 70 researchers— oncology fellows and trainees honored for the quality and scientific merit...
Alterations in DNA Damage Response and Repair Genes and Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Teo et al found that alterations in DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes, particularly known or likely deleterious alterations, were associated with response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1...
Trivalent CAR T-Cell Design May Enhance Antitumor Efficacy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
A novel approach to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy seems to effectively target acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells with varying antigen profiles and may help to overcome antigen escape, seen with CD19-targeted therapy. According to data presented at the 2018 ASCO-SITC Clinical...
Targetable Immune Biology Found in Some Patients With Early-Stage Prostate Cancer
Although immunotherapy has improved outcomes across a growing number of cancers, its success in unselected cases of prostate cancer has been limited. According to data presented at the 2018 ASCO-SITC Clinical Immuno-Oncology Symposium, however, investigators have identified a group of patients with ...
Small Study Evaluates Novel Combination in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
The combination of the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) and the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor durvalumab (Imfinzi) produced positive preliminary results in men with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with...
Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis: ASCO and CAP Joint Review
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology and the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine by Jason D. Merker, MD, PhD, of Stanford University School of Medicine, and colleagues, ASCO and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) have issued a joint review on the status of...
Small Study Evaluates Treatment Sequencing in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
THE OPTIMAL treatment sequence for two approved agents in metastatic colorectal cancer may be regorafenib (Stivarga) before cetuximab (Erbitux), according to results from the small randomized Japanese REVERCE trial presented at the 2018 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium.1 Giving regorafenib...
New Agents for Initial Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A New Standard of Care?
FOR DECADES, the status of metastatic prostate cancer trials was not particularly exciting. With an absence of high-impact novel agents, the focus of cancer trial groups was on the improvement of standard care. Well-crafted, large trials of hormonal therapy demonstrated the utility of combined...
Circulating Tumor DNA and Pseudoprogression in Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Anti–PD-1 Antibodies
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Lee et al found that measurement of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can help distinguish between pseudoprogression (radiologic progression prior to response) and true progression in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving anti–programmed cell death ...
FDA Authorizes Direct-to-Consumer Test That Reports Three Mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 Breast Cancer Genes
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the Personal Genome Service Genetic Health Risk (GHR) Report for BRCA1/BRCA2 (Selected Variants). It is the first direct-to-consumer (DTC) test to report on three specific BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer gene mutations that are most common in...
E. John Wherry, PhD, Awarded SU2C Funding to Lead Investigation of Gynecologic Cancer Therapies
E. John Wherry, PhD, a cancer and immunology researcher at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and one of the most highly cited investigators in his field, has been awarded a “Convergence 2.0” research grant by Stand Up to Cancer (SU2C) to investigate immune system...
Genomic Analyses Highlight Need for Precision Therapies That Target Pediatric Cancers
Researchers have determined that children and adults with cancer often have different mutated genes driving their disease, which suggests they would likely benefit from different therapies. The finding, from a collaborative study led by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and published by...
Chromatin Organization Marker and Cancer-Specific Survival
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Kleppe et al found that a novel marker for chromatin organization in tumor cell nuclei was associated with outcome in a variety of cancer types. Study Details In the study, machine learning algorithms analyzed chromatin organization in 461,000 images of ...
EXPERT POINT OF VIEW: Matthew J. Ellis, MB, PhD
Matthew J. Ellis, MB, PhD, Director of the Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, commented on the POETIC trial for The ASCO Post. “This is a wonderful study that validates a point that our research team has also made over the years—that Ki67 is much more...
Stand Up To Cancer Awards $11M to Study Immune Response to Cancer
Stand Up To Cancer (SU2C) has announced a “Convergence 2.0” research initiative that awards $11 million to 7 multidisciplinary research teams to investigate immune system response to cancer. The multi-institutional teams were announced at SU2C’s Scientific Summit. Each team comprises experts in...
ASCO Endorses CAP/IASLC/AMP Guideline Update on Molecular Testing for Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment in Lung Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Gregory P. Kalemkerian, MD, and colleagues, ASCO has endorsed the College of American Pathologists (CAP), International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) updated guideline on molecular...
EXPERT POINT OF VIEW: Douglas Corley, MD, PhD and Nancy Baxter, MD
In a discussion of the study, Douglas Corley, MD, PhD, of the Division of Research at Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco Medical Center, California, said it remains unclear whether blood tests can improve the early detection of cancer, though such an approach would be welcomed. “We are getting closer ...
Use of Circulating Tumor Cells to Detect Colorectal Cancer and Adenomas
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood had an accuracy of up to 88% in detecting colorectal cancer and 84% in identifying adenomas, in a study from Taiwan presented at the 2018 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium by Wen-Sy Tsai, MD, of Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taipei.1 “The study ...
Releasing Follicular Lymphoma From the Curse of Frankenstein
In the December 10, 2017, issue of The ASCO Post, I authored an article in which I raised the possibility of curing follicular lymphoma without the dreaded chemotherapy. Clearly, no good deed goes unpunished: My good friend and The ASCO Post’s editor Jim Armitage, MD, challenged me to defend that...
Combination Immunotherapy in DNA Mismatch Repair–Deficient/Microsatellite Instability–High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Overman et al, findings in the nivolumab (Opdivo) plus ipilimumab (Yervoy) cohort of the CheckMate-142 study indicate a high response rate and durable responses with the combination in previously treated patients with DNA mismatch...
ASCO Names Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy as Cancer Advance of the Year
In Clinical Cancer Advances 2018: ASCO’s Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer, which highlights the most impactful cancer research progress and the importance of federally funded research, ASCO recognized a type of adoptive cell immunotherapy—chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy—as...
Precision Medicine: Hope or Hype?
ALTHOUGH PRECISION medicine may be a recent discovery in some fields, it is an old story in the field of breast cancer, and one that has been exceptionally important in terms of managing the disease, according to George Sledge, MD, FASCO, Professor of Medicine and Medical Oncologist at the...
EXPERT POINT OF VIEW: Zsofia Kinga Stadler, MD
DISCUSSANT ZSOFIA KINGA STADLER, MD, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, found the nivolumab (Opdivo)/ipilimumab (Yervoy) combination results very encouraging but was also impressed with the monotherapy arm. Both approaches are significant advances in treatment, she said. “The treatment of ...
Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Improves Outcomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
IN THE FIRST REPORT of the full cohort of CheckMate-142, nivolumab (Opdivo) plus ipilimumab (Yervoy) led to a 1-year overall survival rate of 85% in previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have DNA mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability–high...
Fox Chase Researchers Earn Privately Funded Grants for Five Pilot Projects
Neil Johnson, PhD Richard Pomerantz, PhD Vasily Studitsky, PhD Italo Tempera, PhD Kuang-Yi Wen, PhD The Fox Chase Cancer Center is pleased to announce the first winners of its new privately funded pilot project grants. The program supports cutting-edge...
Potential Effect of Excess Body Weight on Detection of Cervical Precancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Clarke et al found that increasing body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower rates of cervical precancer diagnosis and higher rates of cervical cancer diagnosis. The investigators had hypothesized that increased body mass could decrease ...
Making Personalized Medicine a Reality for More Patients With Cancer
This past September, Olivier Elemento, PhD, Associate Director of the Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Director of the Laboratory of Cancer Systems Biology at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, was named Director of Weill Cornell’s Englander Institute for Precision Medicine. In this...
CAP, IASLC, AMP Update Guideline for Molecular Testing and Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer
To ensure that clinicians stay apace and provide optimal patient care, three leading medical societies—the College of American Pathologists (CAP), the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP)—have updated their...
Detecting and Localizing Eight Cancer Types With One Multianalyte Blood Test
Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center researchers developed a single blood test that screens for eight common cancer types and also helps identify the location of the cancer. The test, called CancerSEEK, is a unique noninvasive, multianalyte test that simultaneously evaluates levels of eight cancer...
Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Screening for Nasopharyngeal Cancer
In a Hong Kong study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, K.C. Allen Chan, MBBS, PhD, MRCP, FRCPA, FHKCPath, FHMAM, of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemical Pathology, and colleagues found that screening for circulating cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is...
2018 GI CANCERS SYMPOSIUM: Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Yields Survival Benefit in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Nivolumab (Opdivo) plus ipilimumab (Yervoy) led to a 1-year overall survival rate of 85% in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients with DNA mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) tumors. These data were presented in the first report ...
Reports From the Journal of Clinical Oncology
BREAST CANCER Survival in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Explored in Retrospective Study In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stover et al found that cell-free (cf) DNA tumor fraction ≥ 10% was associated with worse survival in metastatic triple-negative breast...
2018 GI CANCERS SYMPOSIUM: Novel Triplet Combination Improves Progression-Free Survival in Patients With BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer
Updated results were recently reported from the 30 patient safety lead-in of the phase III BEACON CRC trial evaluating the triplet combination of encorafenib (a BRAF inhibitor), binimetinib (an MEK inhibitor), and cetuximab (Erbitux, an anti–EGFR antibody) in patients with BRAF-mutant...
Thierry André, MD, and Michael J. Overman, MD, on Colorectal Cancer: Results From Two CheckMate-142 Trials
Thierry André, MD, of Hôpital Saint-Antoine, and Michael J. Overman, MD, of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss findings from their respective CheckMate-142 studies on nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with DNA mismatch repair–deficient/microsatellite instability–high...
Effect of TP53 Germline Variations on Outcomes in Pediatric B-Cell ALL
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Qian et al found that loss-of-function germline TP53 variants increase the risk of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as well as the risk of poorer response to therapy and second malignancies. Study Details In the study,...
Circulating Tumor Cells May Predict Late Recurrence in Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
In patients with early breast cancer, the presence in the blood of circulating tumor cells 5 years after diagnosis increases the risk for recurrence nearly 20-fold, researchers reported at the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.1 “We found that a single positive circulating tumor cell assay...
Cell-Free DNA Tumor Fraction and Somatic Copy Number Alterations May Affect Survival in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stover et al found that cell-free (cf) DNA tumor fraction ≥ 10% was associated with worse survival in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, and that several somatic copy number alterations are enriched and prognostic in metastatic...
Study Finds Desmoplastic Melanoma Highly Responsive to PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade
Desmoplastic melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma that is commonly found on sun-exposed areas, such as the head and neck, and usually seen in older patients. Treatment is difficult, as these tumors are often resistant to chemotherapy and lack actionable mutations commonly found in other types of...
PARP1 and Androgen Receptor Inhibition in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
In a phase II trial (NCI 9012) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hussain et al found no benefit of adding PARP1 inhibition with veliparib to abiraterone (Zytiga) plus prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. ETS fusion status was not predictive of...
New Cancer Model Shows Genomic Link Between DCIS and IDC Breast Cancer Types
A new genetic-based model may explain how ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) progresses to a more invasive form of cancer, say researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The study provides new insight into how DCIS leads to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and provides a clearer...
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in CD33-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia
On September 1, 2017, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) was approved for treatment for newly diagnosed CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults and for treatment of relapsed or refractory CD33-positive AML in adults and pediatric patients aged ≥ 2 years.1,2 It may be used in combination...
