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Showing 6551 - 6600Phase II Study Shows No Benefit of Adding Vismodegib to Gemcitabine in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
In a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Catenacci et al found no benefit of adding vismodegib (Erivedge) to gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Sonic hedgehog (SHH), an activating ligand of the smoothened receptor (SMO) inhibited by vismodegib, has...
Predicted Burden of Breast Cancer in the United States
In a study reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Rosenberg et al predicted that the number of new invasive plus in situ breast cancers will increase from approximately 283,000 in 2011 to 441,000 in 2030. Modeling suggests that the proportion of estrogen receptor–negative cases ...
Less Favorable Characteristics for Breast Cancer Diagnosed After Biennial vs Annual Screening in Premenopausal Women
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Miglioretti et al found that diagnosis of breast cancer after biennial vs annual mammography screening was associated with a higher risk of less favorable tumor prognostic characteristics among premenopausal women. They also noted a nonsignificantly higher risk ...
Self-Reported Fatigue Provides Independent Prognostic Information in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
In a prospective observational cohort study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Efficace et al found that a self-reported fatigue score provides independent prognostic information on overall survival in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Fatigue assessment should be included in...
Prognostic Factors Identified in Patients With ALK‑Rearranged NSCLC and Brain Metastasis
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Johung and colleagues identified factors that distinguished survival rates among patients with ALK-rearranged non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastasis. The study included 90 patients from six institutions. Of them, 84...
10-Year Results of MOSAIC Trial Show Continued Survival Benefit of Adjuvant FOLFOX4 in Stage III Colon Cancer
Ten-year results of the MOSAIC trial, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by André et al show a continued overall survival benefit with adjuvant FOLFOX4 (fluorouracil [5-FU] leucovorin plus oxaliplatin) vs 5-FU/leucovorin in patients with stage III colon cancer and in the entire...
Single-Institution Experience Indicates Improved Outcomes With Higher Radiotherapy Doses in Inoperable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
In a single-institution retrospective analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Tao et al found that use of higher radiotherapy doses was associated with prolonged local control and overall survival in patients with inoperable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Overall survival was...
Reported Hospitalization Rate in Patients Receiving Systemic Therapy for Metastatic NSCLC Much Higher in Real-World vs Clinical Trial Setting
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Prince et al found that the hospitalization rate among patients receiving systemic therapy for metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was much higher in observational studies vs clinical trials among studies reporting hospitalization rates. Study...
Good Outcomes With Intensive, Interval-Compressed Chemotherapy and Irinotecan as Radiosensitizer in High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Weigel et al in the Children’s Oncology Group, a strategy of dose intensification and interval compression, use of the most active agents determined in phase II window studies, and use of irinotecan as a radiation sensitizer has been found to ...
Most Women Undergoing BRCA Genetic Testing Do Not Receive Pretest Genetic Counseling
In the ABOUT study reported in JAMA Oncology, Armstrong et al found that the majority of BRCA-tested women in a commercially insured population responding to a questionnaire about their experience had not received genetic counseling from a genetics clinician prior to testing. The study was...
Improved Outcomes With Modified Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-FU vs Standard Regimen Plus Growth Factor Support in Metastatic Gastric Cancer
In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shah et al in the U.S. Gastric Cancer Consortium found that a modified regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (5-FU) (mDCF) improved toxicity and survival vs a standard DCF regimen plus growth factor support as first-line...
Increasing Use of Preoperative Breast MRI Linked to Increased Postdiagnostic Imaging and Biopsy, Mastectomy, and Surgery Delay
In a Canadian population-based study reported in JAMA Oncology, Arnaout et al found that breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in preoperative evaluation of women with breast cancer and that its use is associated with increased likelihood of confirmatory breast imaging,...
PARP Inhibitor Olaparib Produces High Response Rate in Metastatic Prostate Cancer With DNA Repair Defects
In a phase II trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Mateo et al found that the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) produced a high response rate in patients with previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with tumors exhibiting defects in DNA repair genes....
No Difference in Overall Survival, Poorer Relapse-Free Survival With Adjuvant Intermittent vs High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Stage III Melanoma
The final analysis of a European Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group phase III trial, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Mohr et al, showed that adjuvant intermittent vs standard high-dose intravenous interferon alfa-2b was associated with no difference in overall survival but...
Dexamethasone Reduces Pain Flare After Palliative Radiotherapy for Bone Metastases
In a Canadian phase III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Chow et al found that prophylactic dexamethasone reduced the incidence of radiation-induced pain flare compared with placebo in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases. Study Details In this double-blind trial,...
Pooled Analysis Indicates That Low but Not High BMI Is Associated With Poorer Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Renfro et al found that low but not high body mass index (BMI) was associated with poorer progression-free and overall survival in patients receiving first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. The analysis included individual...
Few Oncology Drugs Approved on Surrogate Endpoints Currently Have Evidence of Survival Benefit
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Internal Medicine, Kim and Prasad found that few oncology drugs receiving FDA approval on the basis of surrogate endpoints currently have evidence of an overall survival benefit. In the study, all approvals from January 1, 2008, through December 31, ...
Phase III Trials Fail to Show Noninferiority of Surgical Outcome for Laparoscopic vs Open Resection in Rectal Cancer
Two phase III trials, reported in JAMA by Fleshman et al and Stevenson et al, failed to show noninferiority of surgical outcome for laparoscopic vs open resection in patients with rectal cancer. ACOSOG Z6051 Trial In the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z6051 trial, reported...
No Reduction in Recurrent Colorectal Adenomas With Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation
In a trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Baron et al found that daily vitamin D and calcium supplementation did not reduce recurrence of colorectal adenomas in patients with recently diagnosed adenomas and no known polyps remaining after complete colonoscopy. Study Details In...
No Significant Survival Improvement With Etirinotecan Pegol vs Physician’s Choice in Heavily Pretreated Advanced Breast Cancer
In the phase III BEACON trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Perez et al found that etirinotecan pegol was not associated with a significant increase in overall survival compared with physician’s choice of treatment in women with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer previously...
6-Year Incidence of Cardiac Events in NCCTG N9831/Alliance Adjuvant Trastuzumab Trial
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Advani et al, the cumulative incidence of cardiac events remained significantly higher at 6 years in breast cancer patients who received adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin) in the NCCTG N9831/Alliance trial. However, few new congestive heart failure...
Chemoradiotherapy Survival Benefit in Elderly Patients With Limited-Stage SCLC
In a population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Corso et al found that chemoradiotherapy was associated with an overall survival benefit vs chemotherapy in elderly patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Study Details The study involved National Cancer ...
Reduced Relapse but No Quality-of-Life Benefit With ATRA/Arsenic Trioxide vs ATRA/Idarubicin in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
In a UK-based phase III trial (AML17) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Burnett et al found that a chemotherapy-free regimen of arsenic trioxide plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) did not improve quality of life, the primary endpoint, vs ATRA plus idarubicin in patients with acute promyelocytic...
29-Year Single-Center Longitudinal Experience Indicates 2% Annual Risk of Breast Cancer in Lobular Carcinoma in Situ
As reported by King et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29-year longitudinal experience at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center indicates an annual 2% risk of breast cancer in women with lobular carcinoma in situ. Risk was reduced with chemoprevention. Study Details The study involved...
Second-Line Lenvatinib Plus Everolimus Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Everolimus in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Phase II Trial
In a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Motzer et al found that the combination of the multi–tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib (Lenvima) plus the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (Afinitor) significantly improved progression-free survival vs everolimus alone in patients with...
Good Outcome With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Local Excision in Clinical T2,N0 Distal Rectal Cancer
In a multi-institutional phase II trial (ACOSOG Z6041) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Garcia-Aguilar et al found that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and local excision was associated with an acceptable disease-free survival rate, albeit not so high as anticipated, in patients with clinical stage...
Addition of Cediranib to Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Improves Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic/Recurrent Cervical Cancer in UK Phase II Trial
In a UK phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Symonds et al found that the addition of the investigational VEGFR1, -2, and -3 inhibitor cediranib to carboplatin/paclitaxel improved progression-free survival in patients with metastatic or relapsed cervical cancer. The addition of cediranib ...
Risk-Based Approach to Guide Surveillance After Resection for Renal Cell Carcinoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stewart-Merrill et al at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, have developed an approach to determining surveillance duration that attempts to balance risk of recurrence vs risk of non–renal cell carcinoma death after resection for renal cell carcinoma....
Study Compares Maintenance Strategies After First-Line Oxaliplatin/Fluoropyrimidine/Bevacizumab in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a German noninferiority phase III trial (AIO 0207) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hegewisch-Becker et al found that maintenance treatment with bevacizumab (Avastin) was noninferior to a fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab in time to maintenance strategy failure following first-line treatment...
Extended RAS Mutation Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to Predict Response to Anti-EGFR Antibody Therapy
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Allegra et al, ASCO has issued a provisional clinical opinion (PCO) update on extended RAS mutation testing in metastatic colorectal cancer to predict response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment. The update revises a 2009 PCO and is based...
Similar Pain Outcome With Ibandronate vs Single-Dose Radiotherapy for Localized Metastatic Bone Pain in Prostate Cancer
In a UK phase III noninferiority trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Hoskin et al found similar effects of single-dose ibandronate and single-dose radiotherapy on localized metastatic bone pain in patients with prostate cancer. Study Details In the open-label trial,...
Ibrutinib Produces Responses in Patients With Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, Hamadani et al describe near-complete and complete responses with the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) in two heavily pretreated patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Patient 1 The first patient was a 28-year-old...
Dactinomycin Produces Durable Response in Patient With NPM1-Mutant AML
As reported by Falini et al in a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, dactinomycin treatment resulted in morphologic and molecular complete remission ongoing at 14 months in a patient with NPM1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NPM1-mutated AML may account for one-third of AML in...
Danish-Swedish Study Indicates No Survival Benefit of Routine Imaging for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Patients in First Complete Remission
In a Danish-Swedish population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, El-Galaly et al found that routine imaging for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in patients in first complete remission does not improve post-treatment survival. Study Details The study included 525 Danish and...
Reduced Risk of Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer With Later Age at Menarche in African American Women
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ambrosone et al found that risk of estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer was reduced with later age at menarche in both parous and nulliparous African American women. Greater interval between menarche and first live birth ...
Evidence of Basal to Squamous Cell Phenotype Switch Under Vismodegib Treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma
In a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, Ransohoff et al describe genetic evidence of phenotype switching from basal cell to squamous cell carcinoma in a patient receiving vismodegib (Erivedge) for basal cell carcinoma. Hedgehog signaling pathway activation, a central feature of...
Adjuvant Hormone Therapy May Improve Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Results of the phase III AHT trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Eeles et al suggest that adjuvant hormonal therapy may improve survival in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. The trial, started in 1990, was stopped early due to low recruitment. Study Details In the open-label ...
12-Year Ipsilateral Breast Invasive Recurrence in 7.5% to 13.4% of Women With Low-Risk DCIS Receiving Surgical Excision Without Radiation
As reported by Solin et al in Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12-year results from the ECOG-ACRIN E5194 trial indicate that among women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with low-risk clinical and pathologic characteristics, surgical excision without radiation therapy was associated with...
Alcohol Consumption Associated With Increased Cancer Risk in Countries at Different Economic Levels
In a study reported in The Lancet, Smyth et al found that alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of cancer at sites known to be related to alcohol consumption, with evidence of increased risk being found in both higher- and lower-income countries. The study examined associations...
Therapeutic HPV-16/18 Vaccine Produces Regression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2/3 in Phase II Trial
In a phase IIb trial reported in The Lancet, Trimble et al found that a therapeutic synthetic vaccine (VGX-3100) targeting human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins increased the frequency of regression of HPV-16/18–related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 vs...
BMI Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer Receiving Optimally Dosed Chemotherapy
In an analysis reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ligibel et al found that body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was independently prognostic for recurrence-free and overall survival in women with early-stage node-positive breast cancer who received doxorubicin,...
No Difference in Outcomes With Short-Course vs Longer-Course Radiotherapy in Elderly or Frail Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
In a noninferiority phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Roa et al found no difference in overall survival, progression-free survival, or quality of life between short-course and longer-course radiotherapy in elderly or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma...
Comparison of Adjuvant Regimens in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
In a systematic review and network meta-analysis reported in JAMA Oncology, Fujii et al found that sequential anthracycline-cyclophosphamide and taxane (AC-T) appears to be the most effective adjuvant regimen in early-stage breast cancer in terms of association with overall survival and toxicity....
Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Treatment Produces Response in Patient With Refractory Multiple Myeloma
As reported by Garfall et al in The New England Journal of Medicine, a patient with refractory multiple myeloma who had undergone prior autologous stem cell transplantation and multiple lines of therapy exhibited a complete response to a second autologous transplantation followed by infusion of...
Cardiovascular Prevention Trial Shows Reduction in Invasive Breast Cancer Risk With Mediterranean Diet Supplemented by Extra-Virgin Olive Oil
As reported in JAMA Internal Medicine by Toledo et al, a large Spanish primary prevention nutrition intervention trial in patients at high cardiovascular risk (PREDIMED) showed a large reduction in risk for invasive breast cancer among women 60 to 80 years of age who were randomly assigned to the...
ASCO Endorses CHEST Guideline on Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ASCO has endorsed the current American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) guideline on treatment of small cell lung cancer, released in 2013. After review of evidence from an updated literature search covering 2011 to March 2015, an ASCO...
Telomerase Inhibitor Imetelstat Shows Activity in Myelofibrosis
In a pilot study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Tefferi et al found that imetelstat, which targets the RNA template of telomerase reverse transcriptase, produced responses in patients with myelofibrosis. Treatment was associated with myelosuppression in some patients. Current...
Phase IIb Trial Shows Improved Progression-Free Survival With First-Line Aldoxorubicin vs Doxorubicin in Advanced Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
In a randomized phase IIb trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Chawla et al found that aldoxorubicin—a novel albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin—produced longer progression-free survival than doxorubicin as first-line treatment for metastatic or locally advanced unresectable soft-tissue...
Breast Tumor Genomic Characteristics Suggest More Aggressive Biology in African American vs White Women
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Keenan et al found that African American women with breast cancer had greater intratumor genetic heterogeneity, a higher frequency of TP53 mutation, and higher risk for basal tumors compared with white women, with the characteristics...
Nonmyeloablative Transplantation With High-Dose Cyclophosphamide May Improve Outcomes in Older Patients With Hematologic Malignancy
In a recent report of single-institution experience in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kasamon et al found that nonmyeloablative-related HLA-haploidentical blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) followed by high-dose cyclophosphamide produced good outcomes in patients aged 50 to 75 years...
