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Showing 5601 - 5650Swedish Study Indicates No Pregnancy-Related Increase in Risk of Relapse in Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a Swedish study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Weibull et al found that pregnancy did not appear to increase the risk of subsequent relapse in women with Hodgkin lymphoma in remission. Study Details The study included data from Swedish health-care registers and medical records...
Risk Factors for Lymphedema in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ferguson et al found that cellulitis in the affected arm, but not blood draws, injections, trauma to the affected arm, or air travel, was associated with an increased risk of lymphedema in women treated for breast cancer. Study Details In...
DNA Damage and Repair Pathway Signature May Be Associated With Prognosis After Prostatectomy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Evans et al identified a DNA damage and repair pathway gene signature that was significantly associated with outcomes after prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer independent of standard clinicopathologic factors. Study Details The study involved 1,090...
UK Study Suggests Association Between Screen-Detected Ductal Carcinoma in Situ and Reduced Invasive Interval Breast Cancers
In a UK retrospective population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Duffy et al found a significant inverse association between the detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in breast cancer screening and the incidence of invasive interval cancers diagnosed within 3 years after screening....
Long-Term Trial Finds Similar Survival Rates With Several Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma
In the long-term follow-up of the Italian HD2000 trial reported by Merli et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, no significant differences in overall or progression-free survival were observed after 10 years among patients with previously untreated advanced Hodgkin lymphoma receiving ABVD...
Study Finds Adjuvant Anastrozole Reduces Recurrence Risk vs Tamoxifen in Postmenopausal Women With Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
In a phase III trial (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project [NSABP] B-35) reported in The Lancet, Margolese et al found that adjuvant anastrozole significantly improved the breast cancer–free interval vs tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive...
Report Finds Benefit With Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitor After Progression on Another Such Agent in Patients With Lung Cancer
In a research letter in JAMA Oncology, Sequist et al reported clinical benefit with the recently approved third-generation EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib (Tagrisso) in patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer who had disease...
No Association Seen Between New or Worsening Aromatase Inhibitor–Related Musculoskeletal or Vasomotor Symptoms and Relapse-Free Survival
Retrospective analyses of the ATAC, TEAM, and BIG 1-98 adjuvant endocrine therapy trials in breast cancer have suggested that treatment-emergent endocrine symptoms may be associated with superior survival outcomes. However, in a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stearns et al...
UK Study Suggests Potential Mortality Benefit of Ovarian Cancer Screening in Postmenopausal Women
As reported in The Lancet by Jacobs et al, the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) suggests there may be a mortality benefit of ovarian cancer screening in postmenopausal women. Study Details In the trial, 202,546 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 74 years from 13 centers...
Use of 21-Gene Recurrence Score May Be Linked to Chemotherapy Use and Health-Care Costs in Women With Breast Cancer
In a study using Pennsylvania Cancer Registry data reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Epstein et al found that use of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay was associated with lower use of chemotherapy and lower medical spending among patients younger than age 55 with early-stage...
High Risk on Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Tools Associated With More Favorable Disease Characteristics
In a Swedish study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Holm et al found that high risk on the Tyrer–Cuzick predicted 10-year breast cancer risk score (TCRS) and a 77-single nucleotide polymorphism polygenic risk score (PRS) tended to be associated with favorable prognostic features...
Use of Antilymphocyte Globulin Appears to Reduce Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Leukemia
In a European phase III study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Kröger et al found that inclusion of antihuman T-lymphocyte immune globulin (ATG) in the myeloablative conditioning regimen in patients with acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia resulted in a significant reduction in...
Japanese Study Shows Oral Fluoropyrimidine S-1 Is Noninferior to Taxanes as First-Line Treatment of HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
In a Japanese phase III trial (SELECT BC) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Takashima et al found that first-line treatment with the oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 was associated with noninferior overall survival vs taxane regimens in women with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer resistant to...
Nonsignificant Improvement in Disease-Free Survival With Adjuvant Lapatinib/Trastuzumab vs Trastuzumab in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Results of a phase III trial, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Piccart-Gebhart et al, showed a modest and statistically nonsignificant increase in disease-free survival with concurrent adjuvant lapatinib (Tykerb) and trastuzumab (Herceptin) vs trastuzumab alone in patients with...
Increased Risk of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary and Other Cancers in Relatives of Patients With This Type of Cancer
In a study from the Utah Cancer Registry reported in JAMA Oncology, Samadder et al found an increased risk of carcinoma of unknown primary and other cancers in relatives of patients with this type of cancer. Study Details The study was a nested case-control study including 4,160 patients with a...
Telephone and In-Person Counseling for Weight Loss Effective in Women Treated for Breast Cancer
In the LEAN (Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition) study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Harrigan et al found that telephone and in-person weight loss counseling was effective in reducing weight and C-reactive protein level in overweight or obese women treated for breast cancer. In the ...
Pembrolizumab Improves Survival vs Docetaxel in Previously Treated PD-L1–Positive Advanced NSCLC
As reported in The Lancet by Herbst et al, the phase II/III KEYNOTE-010 trial showed that pembrolizumab (Keytruda) significantly improved overall survival vs docetaxel in patients with previously treated programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)–positive advanced non–small cell lung cancer...
Study Shows ACA Coverage Expansion Resulted in Increased Cervical Cancer Diagnosis at Early Stage in Young Women
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA, Robbins et al found evidence that the Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Expansion (ACA-DCE) has resulted in increased diagnosis of cervical cancer at an early stage and increased use of fertility-sparing treatments in women aged 21 to 25 years. ...
Understanding Crizotinib, 1 Year after High-profile Presentation
The findings from a phase I study of crizotinib in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were presented in a Plenary Session at the 2010 ASCO Annual Meeting—an unusual event, since such early-phase data are not generally the topic of plenary sessions. The study showed that a majority of mostly...
Important Briefs: Lymphoma Research on Improved Chemotherapy, Biomarker Associations, and Stem Cell Transplant Approaches
The 11th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma was held June 15–18 in Lugano, Switzerland. More than 3,000 hematologists, clinical oncologists, pathologists, and researchers attended the meeting, which was first convened in 1981. Topics of discussion included lymphoma staging in the new...
Studies Explore Potential Benefits of Sunitinib before Nephrectomy in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cancer
The multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib (Sutent) is established as first-line therapy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer. Data supporting use of cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer come from the pre–targeted therapy era, when less-effective immune...
Intergroup Study Evaluates Outcomes of Elderly vs Younger Patients Treated for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma
The 11th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma was held June 15–18 in Lugano, Switzerland. Topics of discussion included lymphoma staging in the new millennium, lymphoma and its microenvironment, and lymphoma cure vs control. The ASCO Post summarized several key presentations in the July...
Circulating Tumor Cell Assay Shows Potential for Predicting Prognosis in Head and Neck Carcinoma
According to the NCI, an estimated 49,260 new cases of oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers occurred in the United States in 2010, and approximately 11,480 deaths were attributed to these cases. It is estimated that 95% or more of these cases are squamous cell carcinomas. Currently, the...
FDA Approves Brentuximab Vedotin in Two Lymphoma Indications
The antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) was granted accelerated approval on August 19 for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Brentuximab vedotin is the first new drug to be approved in Hodgkin lymphoma in more...
Novel Drugs Ipilimumab and Vemurafenib for Advanced Melanoma
In this introductory installment of In the Clinic, The ASCO Post provides an overview of two new melanoma agents recently approved by FDA, with discussion on pivotal data leading to approval, dosage and administration, and managing drug-related toxicities. Watch for more on clinical use of novel...
New ASCO Focused Update Recommendation on Maintenance Treatment of Stage IV Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
A focused update to the 2009 ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update on Chemotherapy for Stage IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer reflects new evidence on maintenance therapy in patients with response or stable disease after four cycles of first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy.1 The 2009 update...
Crizotinib: New Drug for ALK-positive Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Indication Crizotinib (Xalkori) is an oral inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR, c-Met), and recepteur d’origine nantais (RON). In August 2011, the FDA granted the drug accelerated approval for the treatment of...
Sunitinib and Everolimus: New Indications in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
With In the Clinic, The ASCO Post provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. Sunitinib Indication—The oral kinase inhibitor...
Gathering Data Point to Potential Advantages of Vismodegib in Basal Cell Carcinoma and Other Advanced Cancers
Vismodegib is a small-molecule, orally active hedgehog pathway inhibitor that has shown considerable promise in treating basal cell carcinoma and is currently being evaluated alone and in combination in early-phase trials in medulloblastoma and a long list of other cancers.1 Owing to its...
How Should We Treat Nodular Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma?
At the 2011 Pan-Pacific Lymphoma Conference in Kauai, Hawaii, Andreas Engert, MD, Chairman of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG) and Professor of Medicine at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany, discussed the treatment of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL),...
New Indication for Cetuximab in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. Cetuximab (Erbitux) was recently approved by the FDA for use in...
Update on Novel Treatments for Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma
At the recent Pan-Pacific Lymphoma Conference in Kauai, Hawaii, Julie M. Vose, MD, from the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, discussed novel treatments for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). PTCL is a heterogeneous group of aggressive T-cell/natural killer (NK) cell non-Hodgkin...
Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Elderly Remains Undefined
At the 2011 Pan-Pacific Lymphoma Conference held recently in Kauai, Hawaii, Andrew M. Evens, DO, MSc, Director of the Lymphoma Program at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, discussed Hodgkin lymphoma in elderly patients. Event-free survival and overall survival rates in...
What You Should Know about Denosumab (Prolia) for Increasing Bone Mass during Breast and Prostate Cancer Therapies
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. Indications In September 2011, the monoclonal antibody RANKL...
Overexpression of p16 Does Not Indicate Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with Atypical Hyperplasia
Women diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia have a substantial risk of subsequent development of breast cancer, with a cumulative incidence of approximately 30% at 25 years. Atypical hyperplasia is considered to be a precursor to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). p16 (a nuclear protein encoded by the...
Impact of p53 Status on Cancer Treatment Selection
Wild-type p53 emerges from a latent state and becomes stabilized and activated in response to genotoxic and cellular stress signals, resulting in the transcriptional modulation of multiple genes involved in regulating cell-cycle progression, senescence, and apoptosis. More than 50% of human tumors...
Targeting AKT/mTOR May Improve Response to Monoclonal Antibodies in Some Cancers
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) network plays a central role in regulating tumor cell growth and differentiation, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis, and multidrug resistance. Increased IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and circulating IGF-1 are associated with increased risk for...
Abiraterone: New Drug in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. Indication Abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) (an oral agent that...
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy Yields Complete Remission in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Targeted therapies have markedly improved outcomes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, with median overall survival of greater than 2 years having been observed with sunitinib (Sutent) treatment. Objective responses, consisting mostly of partial responses, are observed in approximately...
Combination of Oncolytic Virus and Chemotherapy Holds Promise in Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma remains a uniformly lethal disease. Both the alkylating agent temozolomide and oncolytic viruses (engineered to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells) hold promise in treatment of glioblastoma. The effects of combining the two and the mechanisms of their interaction on cancer...
Six1-Eya2 Interaction a Potential Target in Blocking Breast Cancer Metastasis
The Six1 gene is a key regulator of embryonic development that requires interaction with the Eya family of proteins (Eya1-4) to activate transcription of genes involved in neurogenesis, myogenesis, and nephrogenesis. Overexpression of Six1 and Eya is observed in a number of cancers. In breast...
Significant Differences in Genetic Characteristics of Primary Colorectal Cancer and Hepatic Metastases
Vermaat and colleagues from the University Medical Center Utrecht, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Hoffman-La-Roche Inc./Genentech, Nutley, New Jersey, recently showed that there was significant genetic variation between individual primary colorectal cancer tumors and their...
PI3K Inhibitors May Improve Response to Cancer Immunotherapy
The induction of antitumor immunity by vaccines or immunotherapies is inhibited by the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have the potential to increase inflammatory antitumor effects in the microenvironment, but these ligands can exert a mixture of both ...
Carfilzomib May Offer Advantages in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Carfilzomib is an oral second-generation proteasome inhibitor with a mechanism of action that may increase efficacy and reduce adverse effects currently associated with proteasome inhibitor therapy. It is being investigated for use in multiple myeloma and select solid tumors, and the FDA has...
What You Should Know about Peginterferon Alfa-2b for Adjuvant Treatment of Melanoma
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. Indication Peginterferon alfa-2b (PegIntron, Sylatron) was recently ...
What You Need to Know About Axitinib, New Agent for Treating Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. Indication In January 2012, the second-generation vascular...
Expert Point of View: Answer to Secondary Cancers with RAF Inhibitors May Be Concomitant MEK Inhibition
“The development of nonmelanoma skin cancers secondary to RAF inhibitor treatment has been recognized since 2005, having been seen initially with sorafenib (Nexavar),” noted Mario E. Lacouture, MD, of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Commenting on recently published studies in this setting,...
Answer to Secondary Cancers with RAF Inhibitors May Be Concomitant MEK Inhibition
Keratoacanthomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas are frequently observed in patients receiving the RAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) for treatment of BRAF-mutated melanoma. As discussed by Lacouture and colleagues in a recent Journal of Clinical Oncology article, these effects appear to...
Autologous Transplant vs Consolidation Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Recent European Trial
Investigators in the Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group and the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research Collaborative Group recently reported in the journal Blood that autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation significantly reduced relapse rate compared with intensive...
Two DPYD Variants Join List of Variants Predictive of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity
In a systematic review and meta-analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Meulendijks et al found that the DPYD variants c.1679T>G and c.1236G>A/HapB3 were predictive of severe fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity, with the variant c.1601G>A not achieving a significant relationship....
