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Showing 30301 - 30350Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Rarely More Cost-Effective Than Screening Mammography for High-Risk Women
Annual screening mammography is significantly more cost-effective than bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in managing the care of most women at high risk for breast cancer. Women with a known BRCA gene mutation, which carries an exceptionally high risk, are a notable exception. These were the...
Statin Use Not Associated With Reduced Mortality in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Statin use was not associated with reduced mortality among patients diagnosed with primary colorectal cancer between 2003 and 2009 and followed for a median of 3.4 years in the Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening (DACHS) study, an ongoing population-based study of colorectal...
Overnight Fasting May Reduce Breast Cancer Risk in Women
A decrease in the amount of time spent eating and an increase in overnight fasting reduces glucose levels and may reduce the risk of breast cancer among women. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine reported these findings in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Safety of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Without Hematopoietic Support in Jehovah’s Witnesses With Hematologic Malignancies
In a single-center study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ford et al found that autologous stem cell transplantation can be safely performed without hematopoietic support in Jehovah’s Witnesses with hematologic malignancies. Jehovah’s Witnesses traditionally refuse...
Collaboration Between Surgeons and Medical Oncologists Improves Outcomes for Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer
Collaboration between surgeons and medical oncologists specialists “is associated with lower mortality without increased cost among patients with stage III colon cancer,” according to a study by Hussain et al in the Journal of Oncology Practice. An increase from one to five in the...
American College of Physicians Releases Best Practice Advice for Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women
The American College of Physicians (ACP) released its clinical advice for cervical cancer screening in asymptomatic, average-risk women 21 years or older. Women at average risk are defined as those with no history of a precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or a more severe ...
Childhood Cancer Survivors More Likely to Claim Social Security Support as Adults
Today, more than 80% of childhood cancer patients survive because of advances in treatment and care. However, recent studies have shown that some of these more than 420,000 United States childhood cancer survivors face future health-related challenges as they become adults such as a second cancer...
Addition of Nivolumab to Ipilimumab Improves Response Rate and Progression-Free Survival in Previously Untreated Advanced Melanoma
In a phase II study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Postow et al found that dual checkpoint inhibitor therapy with the anti–CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab (Yervoy) and the anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab (Opdivo) produced greater response rates and prolonged...
FDA Accepts Supplemental Biologics License Application for Nivolumab in Patients With Previously Untreated Advanced Melanoma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted for filing and review Bristol-Myers Squibb’s supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) for nivolumab (Opdivo) for the treatment of previously untreated patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. The FDA also granted...
AZD9291 Shows Durable Responses in Patients With EGFR-Positive Lung Cancers
A clinical trial of the EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had disease progression after previous treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors has found that the drug was highly active—achieving a 95% disease control rate—in...
Two Studies Examine the Significant Postoperative Risk of Life-Threatening Blood Clots in Patients With Lung Cancer
New evidence suggests that patients with lung cancer who undergo surgery are at higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, including deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, than previously thought, with elevated risks of complications or death. When thromboemboli occur, they may be...
Use of Radiotherapy After Prostate Cancer Surgery Declining, Despite Evidence of Benefit
Despite strong evidence and guidelines supporting its use, postsurgical radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients at risk of tumor recurrence is declining in the United States. The study, published by Sineshaw et al in European Urology, finds fewer than 10% of patients at risk of tumor...
Subgroup of Elderly Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia May Benefit From Initial Intensive Induction Chemotherapy
Initial intensive induction chemotherapy may be of benefit in a subgroup of newly diagnosed elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), according to a study by Ross et al in Oncology Research. However, relapse rates remained high. Elderly patients with AML generally experience worse...
Conditional Survival Estimates After Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Spolverato et al derived 3-year conditional survival estimates for patients in a multi-institutional database who underwent liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Among all patients, actuarial overall survival was 16% at 8 years, whereas 3-year...
Phase II Study Shows Addition of Pazopanib to Paclitaxel Improves Progression-Free Survival in Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Advanced Ovarian Cancer
In an Italian randomized phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Pignata et al found that the addition of the antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitor pazopanib (Votrient) to weekly paclitaxel significantly improved progression-free survival in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory...
Genomic Analyses Point to the Potential of Personalized Care for Liver Cancer Patients
A new study presented at The International Liver Congress 2015 in Vienna showed that using genomic analyses to understand how and when carcinogenic mutations occur in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma may make it possible to identify specific molecular profiles linked to tumor aggressiveness...
Circulating Tumor DNA Is a Promising Biomarker for Progression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Roschewski et al found that interim monitoring of circulating tumor DNA in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma distinguished more and less rapid progression and that surveillance monitoring identified recurrence well before clinical evidence was...
Cancer Rates Significantly Increased Among Patients With Hepatitis C
Results presented on April 24 at The International Liver Congress 2015 (Abstract O058) in Vienna, Austria, show that cancer rates in patients with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were significantly increased compared to the non-HCV cohort. The researchers suggest an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV...
Fallopian Tube Removal May Protect Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer From Some Surgical Side Effects
A new surgical approach that removes the fallopian tubes—while sparing the ovaries—may provide premenopausal women at high risk for ovarian cancer, particularly those with BRCA1/2 mutations, with a surgical option that minimizes cancer risk while also reducing some of the negative...
Addition of Ofatumumab to Chlorambucil Increases Progression-Free Survival in Previously Untreated CLL Patients Who Are Not Candidates for Fludarabine
In the phase III COMPLEMENT 1 trial reported in The Lancet, Hillmen et al found that the addition of the anti-CD20 antibody ofatumumab (Arzerra) to chlorambucil (Leukeran) increased progression-free survival among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who were not considered candidates...
No Improvement in Undetectable PSA Rate With Cixutumumab Plus Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
In a randomized phase II trial (SWOG S0925) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yu et al found that the addition of cixutumumab to androgen-deprivation therapy did not significantly increase the rate of undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with newly diagnosed...
Single-Center Experience Indicates Relatively Good Prognosis After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Failure in CLL
In a retrospective single-center study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rozovski and colleagues found that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with disease progression after allogeneic stem cell transplantation had a relatively good prognosis, with apparent benefit of salvage...
FDA Approves Ramucirumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved ramucirumab (Cyramza) for use in combination with FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan) for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer whose disease has progressed on a first-line bevacizumab (Avastin)-, oxaliplatin-,...
Addition of Ramucirumab to Second-Line FOLFIRI Improves Overall Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the phase III RAISE trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Tabernero et al found that the addition of the antiangiogenic anti-VEGFR2 antibody ramucirumab (Cyramza) to second-line FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan) improved overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal...
FDA Announces Clinical Trial Endpoints for Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs
This week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released its guidance for industry document Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs and Biologics, which allows companies to use several types of clinical trial endpoints, including overall survival...
One-Third of Breast Cancer Patients Concerned About Genetic Risk
A new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center found that many women diagnosed with breast cancer are concerned about the genetic risk of developing other cancers themselves, or of a loved one developing cancer. These findings were published by Jagsi et al in the Journal of ...
Crizotinib Receives Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the Treatment of ROS1-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to crizotinib (Xalkori) for the potential treatment of patients with ROS1-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Crizotinib currently is approved in the United States for the treatment of patients...
Association of Lipid Levels With Breast Cancer Risk in Women With Extensive Mammographic Density
In a nested case-control study reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Martin et al found that higher HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) levels and lower non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in women...
Eligible for Breast-Conserving Therapy, Many Still Choose Mastectomy
No approved targeted therapies exist to treat triple-negative breast cancer, but new chemotherapeutic treatment strategies are helping shrink tumors so that less breast tissue needs to be removed during surgery. New research led by Brigham and Women's Hospital finds that breast-conserving therapy...
AACR 2015: New Subsets of Lung Cancer With KRAS Gene Mutations Identified
Mutations of the KRAS gene are commonly known to lead to cancer. However, deeper understanding of exactly how they do this continues to be explored by cancer researchers. Scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have gained further insight about the processes behind KRAS...
AACR 2015: Study Identifies a Frequent Genomic Alteration in Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Research from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey shows genomic profiling identifies mutations in a gene associated with a rare subset of breast cancer—mutations that cannot otherwise be identified with standard clinical analysis of cells and tissue. The findings, presented at the AACR...
Afatinib Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Methotrexate in Platinum-Treated Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
In the phase III LUX-Head & Neck 1 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Machiels et al found that afatinib (Gilotrif) improved progression-free survival vs methotrexate in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck progressing after first-line platinum...
Pretreatment PET Metabolic Tumor Volume Is Associated With Outcome in Stage III NSCLC
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ohri et al found that higher pretreatment metabolic tumor volume on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was associated with poorer overall survival and an increased risk of locoregional failure in...
AACR 2015: New PARP Inhibitor Combination Shows Early Promise for a Wide Range of Cancer Patients
A combination of two molecularly targeted drugs, olaparib (Lynparza) and the investigational agent AZD5363, was safe and yielded responses in patients with a variety of cancer types, including breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers, regardless of BRCA1/2-mutation status, according to data from the...
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Clarifies Mammography Recommendations for Women in Their 40s
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued its updated draft recommendation statement on mammography screening guidelines. The revised guidelines still recommend that women aged 50 to 74 get mammography screening for breast cancer every 2 years and now states that the decision to...
AACR 2015: Long-Term, Regular Aspirin Use Modestly Decreased Cancer Risk
Long-term, regular aspirin use was associated with a modestly reduced overall risk for cancer, driven primarily by a reduction in the risk for colorectal cancers, according to research presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract 876). “Previous...
AACR 2015: Olaparib and Investigational PI3K Inhibitor BKM120 Combination Active Against Ovarian and Breast Cancer Subtypes
Combination treatment with the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) and the investigational phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor BKM120 was safe and yielded evidence of clinical benefit for women with triple-negative breast cancer and for those with high-grade...
AACR 2015: Subgroup of Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer Respond to Olaparib Treatment
Men with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer who had mutations in genes linked to repair of damaged DNA were significantly more likely to respond to treatment with olaparib (Lynparza) compared with patients who had the disease without these mutations. These findings from the first...
AACR 2015: Dual mTOR Inhibitor-Fulvestrant Combination Feasible, With Clinical Benefit for Advanced Breast Cancer Patients
The dual mTOR inhibitor AZD2014, when combined with the hormonal therapy fulvestrant (Faslodex), was found to be safe in patients with advanced estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, and some of them experienced clinical benefit from the drug combination, according to phase I clinical...
AACR 2015: Metformin Use May Not Improve Pancreatic Cancer Survival
Metformin use did not improve survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a retrospective cohort study presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract LB-183). “The diabetes drug metformin is being used in some cancer treatment...
Study Examines Impact of Hospital Volume on Complication Rates in Patients Undergoing Robotic Prostate Surgery
A disincentive for hospitals that have invested in expensive technology for robotic surgery may be jeopardizing prostate cancer patients who seek out the procedure, concluded a study published by Sammon et al in BJU International. The study compared complication rates in hospitals with low...
Frequency of Germline TP53 Mutations in Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Not Meeting Criteria for Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Yurgelun et al identified germline TP53 mutations in multiple patients with early-onset colorectal cancer from the Colon Cancer Family Registry who did not meet clinical criteria for Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is associated with increased risk...
AACR 2015: Black Women Found to Have Denser Breast Tissue Than White Women
Breast density, which is associated with breast cancer risk, was found to be higher in black women than white women when measured using novel quantitative methods, according to research presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract 2770). “Since...
AACR 2015: HPV Vaccine Provides Protection at Multiple Sites, Even Among Some Previously Exposed Patients
Vaccination of women aged 18 to 25 with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine resulted in strong protection against future infection at three anatomic sites among women without prior HPV exposure and may still offer some protection in those with evidence of prior exposure. These findings were...
AACR 2015: Combining Two Investigational Immunotherapy Drugs Safe, With Early Signs of Effectiveness
Combining the immunostimulatory anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody CP-870,893 with the immune checkpoint inhibitor tremelimumab was found to be safe, with clinical evidence of response in patients with advanced melanoma, according to phase I clinical trial data presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, ...
AACR 2015: Investigational PD-L1–Targeted Immunotherapy Safe for Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Effective in Some
The investigational immunotherapy MPDL3280A was safe, tolerable, and showed early signs of durable clinical activity in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, according to data from a first-in-human phase I clinical trial presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to...
AACR 2015: Improved Responses With Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Combination vs Ipilimumab Alone in Advanced Melanoma
Giving the two immunotherapies ipilimumab (Yervoy) and nivolumab (Opdivo) simultaneously yielded better treatment responses than ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma who received no prior treatment, according to phase II clinical trial data presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015,...
AACR 2015: U.S. Breast Cancer Cases Expected to Increase by as Much as 50% by 2030
The total number of breast cancer cases in the United States is forecast to be 50% greater in 2030 than it was in 2011, when invasive and in situ or screening-detected cancers are counted together. This increase is predicted to be driven mostly by a marked increase in cases of estrogen...
AACR 2015: Pembrolizumab Safe, With Signs of Clinical Benefit, for Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) was safe, tolerable, and yielded robust antitumor responses in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, according to data from the phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 clinical trial presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract CT103)....
AACR 2015: New Immunotherapy Yields Long-Lasting Responses in Some Patients With Advanced Melanoma
A first-in-class immunotherapy called IMCgp100 yielded durable responses in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma and those with advanced ocular melanoma, according to data from a phase I/IIa clinical trial presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract ...
