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Showing 16351 - 16400Failure to Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle More Than Doubles Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Cancer Survivors
A St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital study found that 73% of adult survivors of childhood cancer more than doubled their risk of developing metabolic syndrome and related health problems by failing to follow a heart-healthy lifestyle. The results were published online in the journal...
First Surveillance Imaging at 6 Months May Be Adequate for Most Patients After Treatment for Early-Stage Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer
Early surveillance imaging (< 6 months) after stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seems to be of limited benefit, resulting in definitive intervention in only 3% of patients, according to the findings of a study in Practical Radiation...
Statin Use Associated With Decreased Risk of Barrett's Esophagus
Statin use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing Barrett’s esophagus, according to a new study by Nguyen et al in Gastroenterology. Obese patients experienced the greatest level of risk reduction with statin use. While statins have been associated with a reduced risk...
New Molecular Test Increases Odds of Correct Surgery for Thyroid Cancer Patients
The routine use of a molecular testing panel developed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center greatly increases the likelihood of performing the correct initial surgery for patients with thyroid nodules and cancer, reported researchers from the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. The ...
Adaptive Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Strategy May Ensure Adequate Target Coverage in Patients With Cervical Cancer
A novel, dosimetry-triggered, adaptive intensity-modulated radiation therapy strategy for patients with cervical cancer may minimize the risk of target underdosing in the setting of very small margins and substantial interfractional motion, according to a study by Lim et al in the International...
Higher Plasma Vitamin D Concentration Associated With Reduced Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
In a Scottish study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zgaga et al found strong associations between plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer–specific and all-cause mortality. Significant interactions of vitamin D...
Antipain Agent Shrinks Oral Cancers, Sparing Healthy Tissue
Mouse models of human oral cancer treated with an agent called capsazepine showed dramatic tumor shrinkage without damage to surrounding tissues, researchers from the School of Dentistry and School of Medicine at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio found. The findings by...
Study Defines Four Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer
Investigators of The Cancer Genome Atlas project have developed a molecular classification that divides gastric cancer into four major genomic subtypes, according to a study published in Nature. They include (1) tumors positive for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that display recurrent PIK3CA...
Metabolic Enzyme Stops Growth of Most Common Type of Kidney Cancer
In an analysis of metabolites in human kidney tissue, a research team from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania identified an enzyme key to applying the brakes on tumor growth. The new study, published in Nature by Simon et al, demonstrated that an enzyme called FBP1,...
Noninvasive Image Texture Analysis May Provide Tumor Heterogeneity Information With Prognostic Potential in NSCLC
Noninvasive quantitative computed tomography–based texture analysis can accurately differentiate the presence of a KRAS mutation from pan–wild-type non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on the results of a study in PLOS ONE. Weiss et al reported that this tumor heterogeneity...
Two Common Gene Variants Associated With Longer Telomere Length May Increase the Risk of Glioma
Two common gene variants that lead to longer telomere length may increase the risk of glioma, according to the results of a study presented by Walsh et al in Nature Genetics. This finding suggests that telomere length may prove to be a promising epidemiologic risk factor for cancer. It is well...
No Clinical Outcome Benefit With Aerobic Training Program in Cancer Patients With Heart Failure
In a retrospective analysis in the HF-ACTION trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jones et al found that a program of aerobic training did not reduce the rate of all-cause mortality or hospitalization in cancer patients with heart failure. Some evidence suggested that patients who...
Robot-Assisted Surgery for Localized Prostate Cancer Controls Disease for 10 Years
Robot-assisted surgery to remove cancerous prostate glands is effective in controlling the disease for 10 years, according to a new study led by researchers at Henry Ford Hospital. The study by Diaz et al, published in European Urology, also suggested that traditional methods of measuring the...
Poorer Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival Seen in Youngest and Oldest Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Lieu et al recently analyzed the effect of age on outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using the ARCAD (Aide et Recherche en Cancérologie Digestive) database. The findings, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, indicate a U-shaped risk of death and death or...
Study Identifies Clinicopathologic and Adjuvant Treatment Characteristics Linked to Very Low Risk of Local Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Surgery
Histologic grade, age, margin status, and use of endocrine therapy may identify a subset of women aged ≥ 50 with stage I breast cancer, who are at a very low risk of disease recurrence after breast-conserving surgery plus whole-breast radiotherapy, according to a study by Smith et al in the...
Gene Signature May Predict Which Breast Cancer Patients Will Benefit From Tamoxifen
A novel approach using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis in combination with RNA expression data has identified a gene called USP9X that may predict which patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer will benefit from tamoxifen therapy after surgery. The gene signature the researchers...
Blocking Tumor-Derived Protein Halts Cachexia in Preclinical Study
New research raises the prospect of more effective treatments for cachexia, a profound wasting of fat and muscle occurring in about half of all cancer patients, raising their risk of death, according to scientists from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. In a study reported in Nature, Spiegelman et al...
Variations in Key Gene Predict Prostate Cancer Patients’ Risk for Radiation-Induced Toxicity
Key genetic variants may affect how cancer patients respond to radiation treatments, according to a study recently published in Nature Genetics. The research team, which included researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, found that variations in the TANC1 gene are associated with...
Study Identifies Novel Genomic Changes in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Researchers from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and other centers have identified novel mutations in a well-known cancer-causing pathway in lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of lung cancer. Knowledge of these mutations could potentially identify a...
Brain Tumor Invasion Along Blood Vessels May Lead to New Cancer Treatments, Preclinical Study Suggests
Invading glioblastoma cells may hijack cerebral blood vessels during early stages of disease progression and damage the brain’s protective barrier, preclinical study published in Nature Communications indicated. The finding by Watkins et al could ultimately lead to new ways to bring about the ...
Fox Chase Cancer Center Researchers Recommend Updating the Staging Criteria for Breast Cancers With Skin Involvement
Invasive breast cancers with skin involvement, regardless of size or lymph node involvement, are automatically classified as stage III locally advanced tumors, which suggests that they are a relatively serious form of cancer with poor survival. In a study published in the Journal of the American...
Cyclophosphamide Noninferior to Ifosfamide as Part of Consolidation Treatment in Standard-Risk Ewing Sarcoma
In a European phase III noninferiority trial (Euro-EWING99-R1) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Le Deley et al found that cyclophosphamide was noninferior in event-free survival vs ifosfamide in combination with vincristine/dactinomycin as consolidation therapy in patients with...
Study Identifies Patient and Tumor Characteristics Associated With BRAF and KRAS Mutations in Colon Cancer
In a study in the population of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG)/Alliance N0147 adjuvant trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Gonsalves et al identified patient and tumor characteristics that are associated with KRAS and BRAF V600E mutations in colon...
Preclinical Study Reveals Heparan Sulfate Suppresses Growth of Neuroblastoma
A heparin derivative differentiated cancer cells and caused neuroblastomas to regress without causing severe bleeding, according to the findings of a preclinical study presented in The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Knelson et al identified novel roles for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in...
No Survival Benefit With Everolimus After Failure of Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib (Nexavar) is the only effective systemic treatment available in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. In the phase III EVOLVE-1 trial reported in JAMA, Zhu et al found no survival benefit from treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (Afinitor) after sorafenib...
Researchers Identify Events Causing Bone Marrow Inflammation Leading to Blood Disorders
According to a new study, a cascade of molecular events in the bone marrow produces high levels of inflammation that disrupt normal blood formation and lead to potentially deadly disorders including leukemia. The discovery, published by the journal Cell Stem Cell, points the way to potential...
Adding Oxaliplatin to Leucovorin/Fluorouracil Increases Survival in Second-Line Treatment of Gemcitabine-Refractory Pancreatic Cancer
In the German phase III CONKO-003 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Oettle et al found that second-line oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly increased overall survival and time to progression vs leucovorin/5-FU in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer...
No Improvement in Local Recurrence With Brachytherapy After Sublobar Resection in Patients With High-Risk Stage I NSCLC
In the phase III American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z4032/Alliance trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fernando et al found that adjuvant brachytherapy did not improve risk for local recurrence after sublobar resection in patients with high-risk stage I operable...
Scientists Engineer Nanoparticles to Prevent Bone Cancer, Strengthen Bones
A research collaboration between Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital has utilized nanomedicine technologies to develop a drug-delivery system that can precisely target and attack cancer cells in the bone, as well as increase bone strength and volume to prevent...
Study Shows Annual MRI Plus Mammography May Be Effective Screening Program for Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
The Ontario Breast Screening Program expanded in July 2011 to include screening of high-risk women aged 30 to 69 years with annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital mammography. As reported by Chiarelli et al in Journal of Clinical Oncology, a study of the initial screen in the program...
HIV-Infected People With Early-Stage Cancers Are Up to Four Times More Likely to Go Untreated for Cancer
HIV-infected people diagnosed with cancer are two to four times more likely to go untreated for their cancer compared to uninfected cancer patients, according to a large retrospective study from researchers in Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The ...
Adding Rilotumumab to First-Line Chemotherapy May Benefit Patients With Advanced Gastric or Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor MET have been found to promote the proliferation, migration, and survival of tumor cells and to play a role in gastric cancer. In a phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Iveson et al found evidence of benefit from adding the anti-HGF...
FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Blinatumomab for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to blinatumomab for adults with Philadelphia chromosome–negative relapsed/refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow....
Postdiagnosis Calcium and Milk Intake May Be Associated With Improved Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Higher intakes of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product are associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer, but the effect of such intake on survival in colorectal cancer is unclear. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yang et al found that higher postdiagnosis intake of...
Excess Risk of Chronic Late Effects of Treatment in Children With Standard-Risk ALL
Given the changes in treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the risk of late effects in those treated with current protocols may be different from that in children treated decades ago. In a study of survivors of childhood standard-risk ALL reported in The Lancet Oncology,...
Surgical Treatment for Metastatic Melanoma of the Liver Increases Overall Survival in Select Group of Patients
Surgical resection markedly improved survival among metastatic melanoma patients whose disease is isolated to a few areas in the liver, according to new study findings published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons. These results mark a departure for melanoma, which is most often...
New Screening Approach Identifies Cancer Mutations in Melanoma That May Lead to More Effective Immunotherapies
Although cancer immunotherapy with adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes represents an effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma, the antigen targets recognized by these effective tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes remain unclear. According to a new study, a novel...
American College of Physicians Issues Guideline Recommending Against Routine Pelvic Exams for Asymptomatic Women
A new evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians (ACP) is recommending that physicians should not offer routine pelvic examinations to asymptomatic, average-risk, nonpregnant women. The recommendation stems from a review of 52 published articles from 1946...
Study of Over 450,000 Women Finds 3D Mammography Detects More Invasive Cancers and Reduces Recall Rates
Researchers found that three-dimensional (3D) mammography (also known as digital breast tomosynthesis) detected significantly more invasive cancers than a traditional mammogram alone and reduced call-backs for additional imaging. Published in JAMA, this is the largest study reported to...
Uninsured Young Adults Have Poorer Cancer-Specific Outcomes
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is likely to improve insurance coverage for young adults. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Aizer et al examined the association between insurance status and cancer outcomes among young adults, finding that the uninsured...
Daily Low-Dose Aspirin Use May Reduce Risk of Developing Pancreatic Cancer
Men and women who took low-dose aspirin regularly had a 48% reduction in their risk of developing pancreatic cancer, according to a new study. In addition, the longer a person started taking low-dose aspirin, the greater the benefit, ranging from 48% reduction in people who started 3 years before...
No Overall Survival Improvement but Some Palliative Benefit With Gefitinib vs Placebo in Esophageal Cancer Progressing After Chemotherapy
In what may be the first randomized trial of systemic therapy in this setting, Dutton and colleagues evaluated gefitinib (Iressa) vs placebo in patients with esophageal cancer progressing after chemotherapy. As reported in The Lancet Oncology, the COG trial showed no survival benefit with gefitinib ...
BPA Stimulates Growth of Breast Cancer Cells, Diminishes Effect of Treatment
Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical commonly used in plastics, appears to increase the proliferation of breast cancer cells, according to Duke Medicine researchers presenting at ICE/ENDO 2014, the annual joint meeting of the International Society of Endocrinology and the Endocrine Society in Chicago. The ...
Combining Multiple Imaging Approaches Can Better Distinguish Malignant and Benign Breast Tumors and Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies
A new study found that an imaging technique called multiparametric 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (18FDG PET-MRI), which combines four imaging approaches, can better distinguish malignant breast tumors from those that are benign, compared with imaging...
Early Evidence Suggests Proton Therapy May Offer Safe, Long-Term Treatment for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Despite some success in treating patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, many patients may experience late effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy treatment, including the possible onset of breast cancer or heart disease. A study by Hoppe et al from the University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute...
New Tool Predicts Financial Pain for Cancer Patients
In an online report in the journal Cancer, a team of University of Chicago cancer specialists have described the first tool—11 questions, assembled and refined from conversations with more than 150 patients with advanced cancer—to measure a patient’s risk for, and ability to...
No Improvement in Long-Term Outcomes With Extended Colectomy for Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in Patients Younger Than Age 50
Extended colectomy in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer who were younger than age 50, in comparison with segmental resection, did not improve the risk of tumor recurrence or disease-free survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Klos et al in the Journal of...
EPIC Cohort Study: High Thyroglobulin and Low TSH Precede Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, but Neither Can Be Used in Screening
In a study of the association of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin, and thyroid hormones with risk of differentiated thyroid cancer reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Rinaldi et al found that high thyroglobulin levels can precede thyroid cancer by many years and...
Development of Orteronel for Prostate Cancer Voluntarily Discontinued by Takeda
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced today that it has voluntarily decided to end the development program for orteronel (TAK-700), an investigational oral, nonsteroidal, selective inhibitor of 17,20-lyase, for prostate cancer. The decision follows the results of two phase III...
Racial Disparities in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Women With Breast Cancer
A study by Black et al from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, found that the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy to stage early breast cancer increased in both black and white women from 2002 to 2007, but the rates remained lower in black than white patients, a disparity...
