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skin cancer
issues in oncology

NCI Scientists Use NanoString Technology to Identify Targets for Melanoma Immunotherapy

Researchers from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have identified seven targets that could potentially be used to develop new immunotherapies for patients with metastatic melanoma. Their findings could increase the number of patients eligible for adoptive immunotherapy. The study was reported in ...

issues in oncology
lung cancer
pancreatic cancer

Molecular Marker Predicts Patients Most Likely to Benefit Longest From EGFR Inhibitors

Scientists at Johns Hopkins have identified a molecular marker called Mig6 that appears to accurately predict longer survival—up to 2 years—among patients being treated with the EGFR inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva). Results from the preliminary study were published ...

cns cancers

Survival Advantage Seen in Glioblastoma Patients Taking Valganciclovir

Valganciclovir (Valcyte), a drug used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) eye infections in people with HIV/AIDS, may lengthen survival in patients with glioblastoma, a Swedish study has found. The researchers evaluated 50 patients with glioblastoma who received valganciclovir as an add-on to standard...

pancreatic cancer

FDA Approves Nab-Paclitaxel for Late-Stage Pancreatic Cancer

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today expanded the approved uses of paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension, albumin-bound (nab-paclitaxel, Abraxane) to treat patients with late-stage pancreatic cancer. “Patients with pancreatic cancer are often diagnosed...

cns cancers

New Laser-Based Tool Could Dramatically Improve the Accuracy of Brain Tumor Surgery

A new laser-based technology may make brain tumor surgery much more accurate, allowing surgeons to tell cancer tissue from normal brain at the microscopic level while they are operating, and avoid leaving behind cells that could spawn a new tumor. In a new paper published in Science Translational...

breast cancer

MRI Around the Time of Surgery Does Not Reduce Recurrence Rates in Women With DCIS

A large retrospective study reported that adding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to mammography before or immediately after surgery was not associated with reduced local recurrence or contralateral breast cancer rates among women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast who were treated...

breast cancer

Most Women Have an Inaccurate Perception of Their Breast Cancer Risk, Study Reveals

A large-scale survey of women undergoing mammography screening on Long Island, New York, indicates that the majority (90.6%) either underestimate or overestimate their lifetime risk for developing breast cancer. Furthermore, 4 in 10 women surveyed reported they had never discussed their...

supportive care
issues in oncology

New Report Examines Trends in End-of-Life Care for Patients With Advanced Cancer

Although fewer Medicare patients with cancer died in the hospital in 2010 than in the years 2003–2007, aggressive treatment continues at the end of life, according to a new report from the Dartmouth Atlas Project. The findings also show that a significant number of patients were likely to...

colorectal cancer
issues in oncology

New Ultrasensitive Screening Method Can Detect Colon Cancer in Its Early Stages

A new ultrasensitive screening method that detects genetic variations that initiate colon cancer and can help in the detection of the cancer in its early stages could be used for noninvasive colon cancer screening, according to a study by Bettina Scholtka, PhD, Assistant Professor in the Department ...

lung cancer

No Apparent Benefit of Adjuvant Gefitinib in Resected NSCLC in Prematurely Closed Trial

As reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Glenwood D. Goss, MD, of the Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, and colleagues, the prematurely closed NCIC CTG BR19 study showed no apparent survival benefit of adjuvant gefitinib (Iressa) vs placebo in patients with completely resected non–small...

prostate cancer
issues in oncology

Germline Missense Mutations in BTNL2 Increase Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer

A team of researchers led by Janet Stanford, PhD, of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has discovered that mutations in the gene BTNL2, which encodes a protein involved in regulating T-cell proliferation and cytokine production—both of which impact immune function—increase the risk ...

hepatobiliary cancer

First-Line Brivanib Not Noninferior to Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The investigational drug brivanib is a dual inhibitor of VEGF and fibroblast growth factor signaling, both implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma. In a noninferiority trial (BRISK-FL) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Philip J. Johnson, MD, of the Institute of Translational Medicine,...

lung cancer
issues in oncology

Scripps Florida Investigators Detail Critical Role of NOTCH1 Gene in Many Lung Cancer Cases

Investigators from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute have shown that NOTCH1, a well-known cancer-causing gene implicated in a number of malignancies, plays a far more critical role in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than previously thought. These findings establish the...

head and neck cancer
issues in oncology
issues in oncology

High-Tech Imaging Contributes to Overdiagnosis, Overtreatment of Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers

A study from the Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery finds that advances in imaging technologies, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are fueling an epidemic in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancers that are unlikely...

leukemia

Preclinical Study Finds Tumor Suppressor May Actually Fuel Aggressive Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A study published this week in the Journal of Clinical Investigation suggests that blocking the RUNX1 protein normally credited with suppressing leukemia may be a promising therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia. Transcription Factor RUNX1 Researchers from Cincinnati Children's Hospital...

gynecologic cancers
issues in oncology

African American Women Less Likely to Receive HPV Vaccine Than Whites, Study Finds

African American women are less likely to receive the vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV), even with access to health care, according to a study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The findings, published today in the Journal of Adolescent Health, suggest a need...

gynecologic cancers
issues in oncology

New Screening Strategy May Detect Ovarian Cancer at Early Stages

A new screening strategy for ovarian cancer appears to be highly specific for detecting the disease before it becomes lethal. The strategy was described in a study published early online this week in Cancer. A clinical trial is ongoing to verify the findings. Karen Lu, MD, of The University of...

skin cancer
issues in oncology

Low Risk of Transformation to Melanoma for Biopsy-Diagnosed Mildly or Moderately Dysplastic Nevi, So Surgical Excision May Not Be Indicated

The risk of transformation to melanoma appears very low for biopsy-diagnosed mildly or moderately dysplastic nevi, and routine surgical excision of nevi with a positive biopsy margin may not be indicated. Patients with biopsy-diagnosed moderately-to-severely and severely atypical nevi, however,...

breast cancer
issues in oncology

Cost-Effectiveness of MRI Screening for Women With Familial Risk of Breast Cancer in the Netherlands

Annual screening for breast cancer with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been found to be cost-effective in women aged 30 to 60 years who are BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers or who have a 50% chance of being a carrier, and such screening is recommended in these women by many authorities. It is unclear...

supportive care
integrative oncology

Yoga Improves Sleep Quality in Cancer Patients With Sleep Disruption

It is estimated that 30% to 90% of cancer patients experience impairment of sleep quality post-treatment and such impairment can be severe enough to increase morbidity and mortality. Preliminary evidence indicates that yoga may improve sleep in cancer patients. In a study reported in the Journal of ...

issues in oncology
issues in oncology

Smoking Cessation and Prevention App Free on iTunes

An app to prevent teens from smoking and encourage them to quit if they have started is now available at no cost on the Apple iTunes Store. “Our app combines education and entertainment with comics and interactive games,” said Designer Alexander Prokhorov, MD, PhD, a Professor in the...

pancreatic cancer

Risk of Pancreatic Cancer May Be Reduced by Better Diet

In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Hannah Arem, MHS, PhD, of the National Institutes of Health, and colleagues analyzed the association between quality of diet according to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans—Healthy Eating Index 2005...

lymphoma

Preclinical Tests May Lead to New Approach to Treat CNS Lymphoma

A drug recently approved for use in multiple myeloma is now being tested for its ability to fight central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, a deadly cancer of the immune system that can affect the brain, spinal cord and fluid, and eyes. The clinical trial, now open at the three campuses of Mayo Clinic ...

prostate cancer

Researchers Identify Key Protein in Treatment-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men and the leading cause of cancer deaths in white, African American, and Hispanic men, according to the Centers for Disease Control. However, it remains unclear why, despite treatment, some prostate cancers progress and may become...

breast cancer
issues in oncology

Multicenter Trial Finds BI-RADS 3 Breast Lesions Have Low Cancer Rate

Based on data from a multisite imaging trial involving more than 2,600 women, researchers say breast lesions categorized as “probably benign” on supplemental screening ultrasound could be reevaluated with imaging in 12 months, reducing patient anxiety, follow-up exams, and unnecessary...

cns cancers

New MRI Technique Reveals Brain Tumor Response to Antiangiogenesis Therapy

A new way of analyzing data acquired in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be able to identify whether or not tumors are responding to antiangiogenesis therapy, which may help physicians determine the most appropriate treatments for patients. In a report published online in Nature...

multiple myeloma
issues in oncology

Gene That Helps Control Aging Is Linked to Multiple Myeloma

A telomerase RNA component gene called TERC, which is responsible for regulating the length of caps on the ends of DNA molecules and believed to be involved in the aging process, has been linked to the development of multiple myeloma, according to a study published in Nature Genetics. Researchers...

issues in oncology
leukemia

Intrachromosomal Amplification of Chromosome 21 Associated With Poor Outcome in Children With ALL

Intrachromosomal amplification of a region of chromosome 21 (iAMP21; three or more extra copies of RUNX1 on an abnormal chromosome 21) is a recently identified recurrent genomic abnormality associated with poorer outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In a study reported in Journal of...

solid tumors

Neoadjuvant Carboplatin Before Radiotherapy May Reduce Risk of Relapse and Long-Term Side Effects in Men With Testicular Cancer

A new study published in the Annals of Oncology reports that giving men with testicular cancer a single dose of chemotherapy before radiotherapy could improve the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the risk of long-term side effects. As many as 96% of men with testicular cancer are predicted to ...

lung cancer

Tumor Measurements Predict Survival in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

For the two-thirds of lung cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, tumor size is not used currently to predict overall survival times. However, a new study led by researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center has shown that even in advanced stages total tumor size can have ...

breast cancer

Study Finds 1 in 5 Women Don’t Believe Their Breast Cancer Risk

Despite taking a tailored risk assessment tool that factors in family history and personal habits, nearly 20% of women did not believe their breast cancer risk, according to a new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. The findings, published in Patient Education and...

breast cancer

Breastfeeding for More Than 6 Months May Protect Against Breast Cancer in Nonsmoking Women

A new analysis has found that breastfeeding for more than 6 months may safeguard nonsmoking mothers against breast cancer. However, the same does not seem to hold true for mothers who smoke. Published early online in the Journal of Clinical Nursing, the findings add to the list of benefits of...

lymphoma

‘Reprogrammed’ Treatment-Resistant Lymphomas Respond to Azacitidine

A phase I clinical trial showed diffuse large B-cell lymphomas resistant to chemotherapy can be reprogrammed to respond to treatment after being pretreated with drug azacitidine (Vidaza), according to a study published in Cancer Discovery. Patients whose lymphomas recur after initial chemotherapy...

prostate cancer

Researchers Identify Key Mechanism Behind Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

A team of researchers from UC Davis, UC San Diego, and other institutions has identified a key mechanism behind aggressive prostate cancer. Published online today in Nature, the study shows that two long noncoding RNAs, PRNCR1 and PCGEM1, activate androgen receptors, circumventing...

cns cancers

Study Suggests Neural Stem Cells May Regenerate After Radiation Therapy

Scientists have long believed that healthy brain cells, once damaged by radiation designed to kill brain tumors, cannot regenerate. But new research in mice suggests that neural stem cells, the body's source of new brain cells, are resistant to radiation, and can be roused from a hibernation-like...

issues in oncology
issues in oncology

Best of ASCO 2013: Off-Label Prescribing of Chemotherapy Drugs Is Common but Most Meets NCCN Compendium Criteria

Off-label prescribing of drugs remains common in oncology, but about two-thirds of off-label prescribing is consistent with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Drugs & Biologics Compendium, according to a study reviewed at Best of ASCO Chicago by Monika K. Krzyzanowska, MD, MPH, of ...

FDA Approves Dolutegravir to Treat HIV-1 Infection

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved dolutegravir (Tivicay), a new drug to treat HIV-1 infection. Dolutegravir is an oral integrase strand transfer inhibitor that interferes with one of the enzymes necessary for HIV to multiply. The drug is taken in combination with other...

solid tumors

Study Identifies Interleukin-11 as a Potential New Anticancer Target

According to a study published online today in Cancer Cell, the molecule interleukin-11 may be a potential new target for anticancer therapies. Until now, interleukin-11’s role in cancer development has been underestimated, but researchers have recently identified this molecule as a "dark...

Certain Major Birth Defects Associated With Moderately Increased Cancer Risk in Children

A multistate study led by researchers at the University of Utah has revealed that the risk for childhood cancer is moderately increased among children and young adolescents with certain types of major birth defects. Children born with nonchromosomal birth defects have a two-fold higher risk of...

lymphoma

Burkitt Lymphoma Survival Outcomes Improve for Younger Patients

According to a new study published in the journal Cancer, the survival outcome of patients with Burkitt lymphoma has improved substantially over the past decade, with notable exceptions. To help doctors and researchers better understand who responds well to treatment and who does not, the study...

issues in oncology

NIH Scientists Visualize How Cancer Chromosome Abnormalities Form in Living Cells

For the first time, scientists have directly observed events that lead to the formation of a chromosome abnormality that is often found in cancer cells. The abnormality, called a translocation, occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to another chromosome. The results of...

solid tumors

Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Mutation Signature in Aristolochic Acid–Associated Upper Urinary Tract Cancer

Genomic sequencing experts at Johns Hopkins partnered with pharmacologists at Stony Brook University to reveal a striking mutational signature of upper urinary tract cancers caused by aristolochic acid, a plant compound contained in herbal remedies used for thousands of years to treat a variety of...

lung cancer

Study Suggests Pattern in Lung Cancer Pathology May Predict Cancer Recurrence After Surgery

A new study by thoracic surgeons and pathologists at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center shows that a specific pattern found in the tumor pathology of some lung cancer patients is a strong predictor of recurrence. Knowing that this feature exists in a tumor's pathology could be an important...

Biomarker May Predict Risk of Graft-vs-Host Disease After Stem Cell Transplant

Researchers from Indiana University, the University of Michigan, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified and validated a biomarker accessible in blood tests that could be used to predict which stem cell transplant patients are at highest risk ...

issues in oncology

Study Analyzes Oncologists’ Attitudes Regarding Patient-Reported Outcomes

A recent study published in the Journal of Oncology Practice assessed the feasibility and value of incorporating patient reported outcomes into oncology practice. Although previous research has shown that using patient-reported outcomes in oncology can improve physician-patient communication and...

lymphoma

FDA Grants Orphan Drug Status to Eisai’s Investigational Compound E7777 for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted orphan drug designation to Eisai’s investigational compound E7777 for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.  E7777 is designed to have an improved purity profile and manufacturing process. It is currently in a pivotal trial intended to support ...

lymphoma

Tositumomab/Iodine-131 Tositumomab Regimen for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma to Be Discontinued

GlaxoSmithKline announced today that it will discontinue the manufacture and sale of the tositumomab/iodine-131 tositumomab (Bexxar) therapeutic regimen on February 20, 2014. Tositumomab/iodine-131 tositumomab is currently approved in the United States and Canada for the treatment of patients with ...

sarcoma

Loss of MicroRNA Decoy Might Contribute to Development of Soft-Tissue Sarcoma

Researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC – James) have discovered a novel mechanism responsible for the loss of a critical tumor-suppressor gene in rhabdomyosarcoma and other...

prostate cancer

Metformin Use Reduces All-Cause and Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality in Men With Diabetes

In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, David Margel, MD, PhD, of University of Toronto, and colleagues examined the effect of duration of antidiabetic medication exposure after prostate cancer diagnosis on all-cause and prostate cancer–specific mortality in men with diabetes....

pancreatic cancer

Researchers Identify Origin of Inflammation-Driven Pancreatic Cancer

Researchers at Mayo Clinic in Florida have revealed the process by which pancreatitis—chronic inflammation of the pancreas—morphs into pancreatic cancer. They say their findings point to ways to identify pancreatitis patients at risk of pancreatic cancer and to potential drug therapies...

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