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Showing 15301 - 15350Gene Mutation Found for Aggressive Form of Pancreatic Cancer
Researchers have identified a mutated gene common to adenosquamous carcinoma tumors, the first known unique molecular signature for this rare, but particularly virulent, form of pancreatic cancer. The findings by Liu et al are published in Nature Medicine. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading...
More Toxicity Associated With Addition of Sorafenib to Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Prior to Liver Transplantation
The addition of sorafenib (Nexavar) to yttrium-90 radioembolization was associated with higher rates of biliary complications and potentially more acute rejections prior to transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, according to the results of a prospective randomized pilot study....
Percentage Dense Area Stronger Than Absolute Dense Area as Mammography Risk Factor for Breast Cancer
In a meta-analysis reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Pettersson et al found that percentage dense area on breast mammography is a stronger predictor of breast cancer than absolute dense area. An inverse association of absolute nondense area and risk was also observed. The...
Majority of Women Undergoing Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Have No Major Risk Factors for Developing Cancer in Both Breasts
Patients deciding to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy as part of initial treatment for breast cancer is a growing challenge in the management of the disease. Removing the unaffected breast has not been shown to increase survival, and the more aggressive procedure is associated with...
Supportive Tumor Tissue Surrounding Cancer Cells Hinders Pancreatic Cancer Progression, Preclinical Study Reports
Fibrous tissue long suspected of making pancreatic cancer worse actually supports an immune attack that slows tumor progression but cannot overcome it, scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reported in the journal Cancer Cell. “This supportive tissue that’s...
Study Uses Comprehensive Genomic Tumor Testing to Match Lung Cancer Patients With Targeted Therapies
In a recent study by the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC), investigators incorporated tumor genotyping into therapeutic decision-making for patients with lung adenocarcinomas. An oncogenic driver was detected in 64% of tumors from patients in this study. According to data from this study...
Study Reveals More Than One-Third of Patients With ‘Low-Risk’ Prostate Cancer on Conventional Biopsy Have More Aggressive Tumors on Targeted Biopsy
According to a new study by researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, selection of men for active surveillance for prostate cancer should be based not on conventional biopsy, but on a new, imaging-guided targeted prostate biopsy. The new biopsy method is now a routine part of the...
No Overall Survival Improvement With Ipilimumab After Radiotherapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing After Docetaxel
In a phase III trial (CA184-043) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Kwon et al assessed the effects of adding ipilimumab (Yervoy) after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel chemotherapy. The investigators found no improvement...
Study Suggests Less Frequent Cardiac Screening May Be Preferable for Survivors of Childhood Cancer
One of the first studies to analyze the effectiveness of screening survivors of childhood cancer for early signs of impending congestive heart failure found improved health outcomes but suggested that less frequent screening than currently recommended may yield similar clinical benefit. Researchers ...
Early Study Shows Improved Survival With Radioimmunotherapy/Gemcitabine Combination in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Cancer
A randomized phase Ib study of a combination of low radiosensitizing doses of gemcitabine and fractionated doses of 90Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal cancer who had received at least two prior systemic therapies, has found a significant survival advantage in...
Studies Evaluate Racial Variations, Cost, and Influence of Access to Care in the Management and Treatment of Testicular Cancer
A series of studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness, risks, and outcomes associated with detecting, diagnosing, and treating testicular cancer were presented at a press conference during the 2014 Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological Association in Orlando, Florida. Although...
Accelerated Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin With Pegfilgrastim Is Effective, Well-Tolerated Neoadjuvant Therapy for Bladder Cancer
Although neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, it is not widely used due to concerns over toxicity and delayed cystectomy. In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Plimack et al evaluated whether a neoadjuvant...
U.S. Cervical Cancer Rates Higher Than Previously Reported, Particularly Among Older Women and African American Women
Cervical cancer rates in the United States are higher than previously believed, particularly among 65- to 69-year-old women and African American women, according to a study by Rositch et al published in Cancer. Current U.S. cervical cancer screening guidelines do not recommend routine Pap smears...
Analysis Finds Wide Variation in Lung Cancer Rates Globally
The only recent comprehensive analysis of lung cancer rates for women around the world found that lung cancer rates are dropping in young women in many regions of the globe, pointing to the success of tobacco control efforts. However, rates continue to increase among older women in many countries,...
Frequent but Nontargeted Use of Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients With Cancer
Retrospective studies have shown that pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is underutilized in hospitalized patients with cancer, who are believed to be at high risk of venous thromboembolism. In a prospective cross-sectional study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zwicker et al found that...
Study Projects Nationwide Low-Dose CT Screening Will Identify More—and Earlier-Stage—Lung Cancers, but Comes With Substantial Medicare Costs
A new model projects 5-year outcomes of implementing the recent U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening in a high-risk Medicare population. The model estimates that gradual implementation of the screening...
Novel Targeted Drug May Provide a New Treatment Option for Patients With Recurrent Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
According to early results from a phase I study, a new targeted drug, PLX3397, appears remarkably active against a rare neoplastic joint disorder known as pigmented villonodular synovitis. The study evaluated patients whose disease had progressed despite all other available therapies. More than...
New EGFR Inhibitor AZD9291 Shows Promising Activity in Treatment-Resistant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Findings from a phase I study of a new mutant-selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AZD9291, point to a promising new treatment option for patients with advanced, EGFR-mutant, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is resistant to standard EGFR...
Delaying Androgen Deprivation Therapy May Be Safe for Men With Prostate Cancer Relapse Detected by PSA Testing
According to a large, population-based observational study of men who had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-only based relapse after prostate surgery or radiation therapy, delaying androgen deprivation therapy until the onset of symptoms or appearance of cancer on a scan does not substantially...
Immunotherapy May Be Effective in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
A new study by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC–James) provides evidence that genetically modifying immune cells might effectively treat multiple myeloma. The findings by ...
Preoperative Positron-Emission Tomography May Be Beneficial in Reducing the Number of Unnecessary Surgeries in Patients With Lung Cancer
In patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), preoperative positron-emission tomography (PET) has been shown to limit the number of unnecessary surgeries, according to the results of a study presented by Zeliadt et al in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Besides its value in accurate...
NIH Study Demonstrates That a New Cancer Immunotherapy Method Could Be Effective Against Epithelial Cell Cancers
A new method for using immunotherapy to specifically attack tumor cells that have mutations unique to a patient’s cancer has been developed by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health. The researchers demonstrated that the human immune...
Phase I Study Finds Novel Antibody Shows Promise in Children With Advanced Neuroblastoma
Researchers from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital conducted a phase I study of hu14.18K322A, an experimental monoclonal antibody genetically engineered at the hospital, in 38 children with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma. The patients received escalating doses of hu14.18K322A...
Researchers Identify Enzymes Associated With Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer
Inhibiting enzymes that cause changes in gene expression could decrease chemotherapy resistance in patients with ovarian cancer, according to research by Cacan et al. The study investigated the silencing of RGS10 expression in ovarian cells by epigenetics and identified two epigenetic regulators,...
Glutamine Ratio Is Key Indicator of Tumor Aggression in Ovarian Cancer, Study Finds
An analysis of the metabolic profiles of hundreds of ovarian tumors has revealed a new test to determine whether ovarian cancer cells have the potential to metastasize. The study, which was published in Molecular Systems Biology, also suggests how ovarian cancer treatments can be tailored based on...
Statin Use Associated With Reduced Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence
Men who begin taking statins after prostate cancer surgery are less likely to have a recurrence of their cancer, according to a retrospective analysis led by researchers at Duke Medicine. The study by Allott et al was published in BJU International. “Our findings suggest that beginning...
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Physician’s Choice in Previously Treated Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
There are few treatment options for breast cancer patients with progressive disease after two or more HER2-directed regimens for recurrent or metastatic disease. In the open-label phase III TH3RESA trial reported in The Lancet Oncology by Krop and et al, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla)...
Study Confirms Clinical Benefit for Interleukin-2 Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Kidney Cancer
A retrospective study published online ahead of print in Urology by researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute found that patients with metastatic kidney cancer—even those with chronic renal insufficiency—can tolerate and benefit from high-dose interleukin-2 (HDIL-2) immunotherapy....
No Apparent Increase in Risk of Oral HPV Infection in Sexual Partners of HPV-Positive Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, D’Souza et al found that while human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients with oropharyngeal cancer had high prevelances of oncogenic oral HPV DNA and oral HPV16 DNA, their sexual partners did not appear to have increased risk of...
FDA Approves Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate for Injection for Home Administration
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved omacetaxine mepesuccinate (Synribo) for injection, for subcutaneous use, to include home administration, and also approved a related Medication Guide and Instructions for Use. With this approval, physicians who treat adults with chronic- or...
Modafinil Not Better Than Placebo for Fatigue in Lung Cancer Patients
In a trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Spathis et al found that that the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant modafinil had no effect on fatigue compared with placebo in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fatigue improved in both groups during the...
Increased Incidence of Thyroid Cancer: An Epidemic of Diagnosis?
In a study reported in JAMA Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Davies and Gilbert found that the incidence of thyroid cancer has nearly tripled since 1975. However, the increase appears to represent an “epidemic of diagnosis” and to almost exclusively represent increased diagnosis...
Cryoablation of Breast Tumors Successful in 69% of Patients With Early-Stage Disease in Phase II Trial
Cryoablation of breast tumors, which destroys lesions by exposing them to extremely low temperatures, may be a promising alternative to surgery in carefully selected women with early-stage disease, according to a study presented at the American Society of Breast Surgeons Annual Meeting in Las...
Breath Analysis Offers Noninvasive Method to Detect Early Lung Cancer
Researchers at the University of Louisville School of Medicine are using breath analysis to detect the presence of lung cancer. Preliminary data indicate that this noninvasive tool offers the sensitivity of PET scanning and has almost twice the specificity of PET for distinguishing patients with...
FDA Approves Ceritinib for Late-Stage Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted accelerated approval to ceritinib (Zykadia) for patients with a metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were previously treated with crizotinib (Xalkori). Ceritinib is an ALK tyrosine...
Severe Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer, Study Finds
A study investigating vitamin D status and prostate cancer diagnosis in high-risk men has found an association between vitamin D deficiency and aggressive prostate cancer. The study enrolled 667 men, ages 40 to 79 years, who were undergoing their first prostate biopsy following an abnormal...
Poor Quality of Life Does Not Predict Low Survival Rates in High-Risk Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery
Quality of life is rarely reported in surgical publications, yet it can be an important metric that can be of use to physicians and patients when making treatment decisions. Prior studies of average-risk patients undergoing lobectomy suggested that low baseline quality-of-life scores predict worse...
Computational Model Can Predict Therapy Outcomes in Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastasis
Active prostate cancer cells in the bone environment can disrupt the bone remodeling process, promoting a “vicious cycle” of extensive bone destruction and formation that yields nutrients allowing prostate cancer cells to grow. To simulate this complex biologic process, researchers have ...
Novel DNA Vaccine Generates Immunity Against Tumor Vasculature Protein in Preclinical Study
Researchers from the Abramson Cancer Center and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have employed a novel DNA vaccine that indirectly kills cancer cells by targeting a protein found in the tumor vasculature. The vaccine also indirectly creates an immune response to the ...
Receiving Chemotherapy After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis May Affect a Patient’s Long-Term Employment
A new study has found that loss of paid employment after a diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer may be common and potentially related to the type of treatment patients received. Published early online in Cancer, the findings by Jagsi et al support efforts to reduce the side effects and burden of...
First-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Associated With Poorer Progression-Free Survival vs Conventional Chemotherapy in EGFR Wild-Type NSCLC
Activating EGFR mutations are found in approximately 10% of Western patients and 50% of Asian patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are recommended for use in first-line treatment in this setting. Both tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cytotoxic...
FDA Approves First HPV Test for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved the first human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test that can be used as a primary cervical cancer screening test for women aged 25 years and older. The test also can provide information about the patient’s risk for developing cervical...
Researchers Identify Pathway That Drives Development of Cancer 'Stemness' and Drug Resistance
Most drugs used to treat lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers also promote drug resistance and ultimately spur tumor growth. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine have discovered a biomarker called CD61 on the surface of drug-resistant tumors that may be...
FDA Approves Ramucirumab for Stomach Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved ramucirumab (Cyramza) to treat patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with disease progression on or after prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine- or platinum-containing chemotherapy....
Researchers Uncover Link Between Down Syndrome and Leukemia
Although doctors have long known that people with Down syndrome have a heightened risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during childhood, they haven’t been able to explain why. In a new study published online in Nature Genetics, Lane et al tracked the genetic chain of events...
FDA Discourages Use of Laparoscopic Power Morcellation for Removal of Uterus or Uterine Fibroids
In a safety communication notice issued yesterday, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) discouraged the use of laparoscopic power morcellation for the removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or uterine fibroids (myomectomy) in women because, based on an analysis of currently available data, it...
Quality-of-Life Study in NCIC MAP.3 Trial Shows Limited Negative Impact of Daily Exemestane in Breast Cancer Prevention
The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 (Mammary Prevention 3) trial showed that daily exemestane treatment reduced invasive breast cancer risk by 65% among postmenopausal women. In a quality-of-life study in the MAP.3 population reported in the Journal of...
Study Finds a Quarter of Men Drop Out of Prostate Cancer Monitoring, Casting Doubt on Safety of Active Surveillance
Noncompliance appears to be a major challenge for active surveillance, according to the results of long-term follow-up of patients with prostate cancer presented at the European Association of Urology 29th Annual Congress in Stockholm. Over a quarter of men dropped out of the active surveillance...
Novel Blood-Based Biomarkers May Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence and Treatment Response
Researchers have developed a quantitative multiplexed methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay called cMethDNA for a panel of 10 breast cancer–specific genes. The blood-based assay was found to be highly sensitive in detecting advanced breast cancer and monitoring tumor burden and ...
ASCO Issues Adapted Guideline on Screening, Assessment, and Care of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Cancer
ASCO has adapted the Pan-Canadian Practice Guideline on Screening, Assessment, and Care of Psychosocial Distress (Depression, Anxiety) in Adults With Cancer for use in the screening, assessment, and care of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with cancer. The adapted guideline, reported in...
