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Showing 14551 - 14600Intraperitoneal Plus Intravenous Chemotherapy—an Underused Strategy—May Improve Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
An observational study investigating the use and effectiveness of a combination regimen of intraperitoneal and intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer has found that although the dual approach substantially improved survival—81% of those treated with the...
Improved Outcomes With Aromatase Inhibitors vs Tamoxifen in Early Breast Cancer
In a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials reported in The Lancet by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), 5 years of aromatase inhibitor treatment significantly reduced the recurrence risk vs 5 years of tamoxifen therapy during the first 4 years and...
Modified Mullerian-Inhibiting Substance Suppresses Growth of Some Recurrent Ovarian Tumors in Mouse Model
Use of gene therapy to deliver a protein that suppresses the development of female reproductive organs may improve the survival of patients with ovarian cancer that has recurred after chemotherapy. In a study published by Pepin et al in PNAS Early Edition, a Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)...
Phase II Study Evaluates Neoadjuvant Eribulin vs Paclitaxel Followed by Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide in Locally Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
In a randomized phase II trial (NSABP FB9) reported in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Abraham and colleagues found no improvement in pathologic complete response rate with neoadjuvant eribulin (Halavan) vs weekly paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in women with locally...
EORTC Trial Shows Marginal Overall Survival and Significant Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Regional Nodal Irradiation in Early Breast Cancer
In a phase III trial conducted by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Radiation Oncology and Breast Cancer Groups, the addition of regional nodal irradiation to whole-breast or thoracic-wall irradiation after surgery produced a marginal overall survival benefit...
ASCO Statement: A Conceptual Framework to Assess the Value of Cancer Treatment Options
As reported by Schnipper et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, the ASCO Value in Cancer Care Task Force has released an ASCO statement detailing a conceptual framework to assess the value of cancer treatment options. The aim of ASCO in developing the framework is to encourage more...
Reduced Relapse but No Overall Survival Benefit With Adjuvant Lymph-Node Field Radiotherapy in High-Risk Melanoma
The 6-year follow-up of the phase III ANZMTG 01.02/TROG 02.01 trial, reported in The Lancet Oncology by Henderson et al, showed that adjuvant lymph-node field radiotherapy in melanoma patients with high risk of lymph-node field recurrence reduced the rate of recurrence but did not improve overall...
Study Finds Exercise in Adolescence Is Linked to Reduced Mortality From Cancer and All Causes in Later Life
A large, population-based prospective cohort study of about 75,000 women has found that adolescent exercise is associated with reduced risk of death due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes among middle-aged and older women. After adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, the...
Omitting Doxorubicin From Postoperative Chemotherapy Has No Significant Survival Effect in Intermediate-Risk Wilms Tumor
In a phase III noninferiority trial (SIOP WT 2001) reported in The Lancet, Pritchard-Jones et al in the SIOP (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) Renal Tumours Study Group found that omission of doxorubicin from postoperative chemotherapy for stage II to III histologic intermediate-risk...
County-Based Analysis Suggests Widespread Overdiagnosis of Breast Cancer in Mammography Screening
In a study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Harding et al found that on the county level in the United States, mammography screening for breast cancer is associated with an increase in detection of small breast cancers but no reduction in breast cancer mortality. Study Details This ecologic...
Poor Survival in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Linked to Genetic Variation
As part of a multi-institutional effort, researchers with Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah have found that patients with multiple myeloma with a genetic variation in the gene FOPNL die, on average, 1 to 3 years sooner than patients without it. The finding was identified with...
FDA Approves Sonidegib for Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sonidegib (Odomzo) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma that has recurred following surgery or radiation therapy or those who are not candidates for surgery or radiation therapy. The approval was based on...
No Survival Benefit of Adding MET Inhibitor Tivantinib to Erlotinib in Previously Treated Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Scagliotti et al found that the addition of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor tivantinib to erlotinib (Tarceva) did not improve overall survival in previously treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous ...
T-cell Receptor Therapy Achieves Encouraging Clinical Responses in Multiple Myeloma
Results from a clinical trial investigating a new T-cell receptor therapy demonstrated a clinical response in 80% of patients with multiple myeloma who had advanced disease after undergoing autologous stem cell transplants. Researchers at Penn’s Abramson Cancer Center modified T cells to ...
Study Shows Palliative Chemotherapy in Patients With End-Stage Cancer Did Not Improve Quality of Life and May Be Harmful
Although palliative chemotherapy is used to improve quality of life for patients with end-stage cancer, a study evaluating its use found that palliative chemotherapy did not improve quality of life near death for patients with a moderate or poor performance status and that it worsened quality of...
Low Incidence of Infusion-Related Reactions Reported With 30-Minute Ipilimumab Infusion
In a single-institution study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Momtaz et al found that the rate of infusion-related reactions remained acceptably low when ipilimumab (Yervoy) 3 mg/kg was infused over 30 minutes in patients with advanced melanoma. The currently approved dose of...
Adding Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 After Chemoradiation May Improve Pathologic Complete Response Rate in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
In a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Garcia-Aguilar et al found that adding neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 (modified fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, oxaliplatin) after chemoradiation improved the pathologic complete response rate in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing...
German Study Shows Urea Cream Better Than Antioxidant Ointment in Preventing Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome
In a phase III study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hofheinz et al found that 10% urea cream was better at preventing capecitabine-related hand-foot syndrome than a new ointment (Mapisal) available in Germany that contains several antioxidants and exhibits high radical protection....
No Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Adding VEGF Inhibitor Cediranib to First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
In a UK randomized phase II trial (ABC-03) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Valle et al found that adding the VEGF inhibitor cediranib to first-line cisplatin/gemcitabine did not improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Study Details In the double-blind...
‘Pill on a String’ Could Help Spot Early Signs of Esophageal Cancer
A “pill on a string” developed by researchers at the University of Cambridge could help doctors detect esophageal cancer at an early stage, helping them overcome the problem of wide variation between biopsies, suggests research published by Ross-Innes et al in Nature Genetics. The...
Cancer Diagnosis Among Patients With Diabetes Reduced Adherence to Evidence-Based Diabetes Medications
“A cancer diagnosis among patients with diabetes reduced adherence with evidence-based medications, particularly if patients’ life expectancy was short,” according to a study among Medicare beneficiaries reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice. “These findings emphasize ...
No Benefit of Adding Gefitinib to Platinum-Based Doublet in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC After Progression on First-Line Gefitinib
In a phase III IMPRESS trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Soria et al found no progression-free survival benefit of adding gefitinib (Iressa) to platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had acquired resistance to...
Circulating DNA and Protein Biomarkers May Be Associated With Benefit of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a retrospective study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Tabernero et al used commercially available BEAMing technology to assess plasma tumor DNA and protein levels in a subgroup of patients from the CORRECT trial of regorafenib (Stivarga) in metastatic colorectal cancer and examined the...
Study Identifies Mechanism Fueling Growth of Pancreatic and Prostate Cancer Cells
UCLA Jonsson Cancer Center scientists have identified a new mechanism that delivers a key substance that fuels the growth of pancreatic and prostate cancer cells, a finding that offers new hope in the fight against two of the deadliest forms of the disease. Their findings were published by...
High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy and Watchful Waiting May Be Alternative to Surgery in Some Patients With Distal Rectal Cancer
In a Danish prospective observational study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Appelt et al found that high-dose chemoradiotherapy and watchful waiting may be an alternative to abdominoperineal resection in some patients with distal rectal cancer. Study Details In the study, 55 patients with...
Afatinib Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Erlotinib in Second-Line Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
In the phase III LUX-Lung 8 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Soria et al found that the irreversible ErbB-family inhibitor afatinib (Gilotrif) significantly improved progression-free and overall survival vs the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib as second-line treatment in patients with ...
Belinostat Active in Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
In the phase II BELIEF trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, O’Connor et al found that the pan–histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat (Beleodaq) produced durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The study supported the U.S. Food...
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Yields Similar Outcomes in Patients With Biopsy-Proven vs Radiographically Diagnosed Early-Stage NSCLC
In patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy, outcomes were similar between patients with biopsy-proven lesions and those with radiographically diagnosed disease, according to a study by Fischer-Valuck et al in Tumori Journal....
Extended-Field Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Cervical and Endometrial Cancers Does Not Increase Risk of Duodenal Toxicity
Women with cervical or endometrial cancer who require treatment to the para-aortic lymph nodes can safely receive extended-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy without increased risk of duodenal toxicity, according to a study by Xu et al in Practical Radiation Oncology. Extended-Field...
Study Finds Breast Cancer Survivors Gain More Weight Than Cancer-Free Women
A prospective study examining weight gain in breast cancer survivors compared with cancer-free women from a familial risk cohort has found that, overall, breast cancer survivors gained significantly more weight than cancer-free women of the same age and menopausal status. According to the study...
FDA Approves Gefitinib for EGFR-Mutated Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved gefitinib (Iressa) for the treatment of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an...
Treatment With PI3K Inhibitors May Cause Cancers to Become More Aggressive and Metastatic
The enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) appears to be exploited in almost every type of human cancer, making it the focus of considerable interest as a therapeutic target, with many PI3K-inhibiting drugs currently in various stages of clinical development. However, PI3K inhibitors have only ...
Modeling Indicates Greater Benefit Without Greater Cost for Increased Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate in Colonoscopy Screening
In a study reported in JAMA by Meester et al, microsimulation modeling of data from a U.S. community-based health-care system showed that colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were reduced with increased adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy screening, with no increase in total costs. Study...
Addition of Bevacizumab to Standard Chemotherapy Does Not Improve Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer
Final overall survival results of the phase III ICON7 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology by Oza et al indicate no significant increase with the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to standard chemotherapy in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. However, overall survival benefit of...
DNA Shed From Head and Neck Tumors Detected in Blood and Saliva
On the hunt for better cancer screening tests, Johns Hopkins scientists led a proof-of-principle study that successfully identified tumor DNA shed in the blood and saliva of 93 patients with head and neck cancer. A report on the findings was published by Wang et al in Science Translational...
Pembrolizumab Increases Progression-Free Survival vs Chemotherapy in Ipilimumab-Refractory Advanced Melanoma
In the randomized phase II KEYNOTE-002 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Ribas et al found that treatment with the anti–PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab (Keytruda) prolonged progression-free survival vs investigator-choice chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma progressing on...
Study Finds More Selective Ordering of Breast Biomarker Tests Could Save Millions in Health-Care Dollars
A review of medical records for almost 200 patients with breast cancer suggests that more selective use of biomarker testing for such patients has the potential to save millions of dollars in health-care spending without compromising care, according to Johns Hopkins researchers. Specifically,...
ASCO Endorses ASTRO Guideline on Radiation Therapy After Surgery for Endometrial Cancer
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) issued an endorsement of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) clinical practice guideline on postoperative radiation therapy for women with endometrial (uterine) cancer. The endorsement was published by Meyer et al in the Journal of...
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction Associated With Risk of Melanoma
In a study in Swedish men reported in JAMA, Loeb et al found a statistically significant increase in risk of malignant melanoma in those using oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. However, risk was not significantly elevated in men filling multiple PDE5...
Community-Based Trial Suggests No Benefit of Adding Thalidomide or Melphalan to Bortezomib-Based First-Line Treatment of Myeloma
In the U.S. community-based phase IIIB UPFRONT trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Niesvizky et al found no benefit of adding thalidomide (Thalomid) or melphalan to first-line bortezomib (Velcade)-based treatment in transplant-ineligible myeloma patients. Study Details In the...
Study Identifies Geographic Hot Spots With the Highest Colorectal Cancer Death Rates
Gains have been made in the overall reduction in the death rates of colorectal cancer in the United States. A new study by Siegel et al has identified three distinct geographic hot spots where colorectal cancer death rates remain elevated over other parts of the country. These hot spots were found...
ESMO World GI 2015: Studies Confirm Regorafenib Benefit in Pretreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The phase IIIb CONSIGN trial has confirmed the benefit of regorafenib (Stivarga) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer, researchers announced July 3 at the European Society for Medical Oncology World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer in Barcelona, Spain (Abstract...
Molecular Classification of Glioma Based on IDH Mutation, 1p/19q Codeletion, and TERT Promoter Mutation Status
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Eckel-Passow et al identified a molecular classification scheme for gliomas based on IDH mutation, codeletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q (1p/19q codeletion), and TERT promoter mutation status. Molecular Classification The study...
Chinese Study Finds Serum MicroRNA Classifier Better Than Alpha-Fetoprotein for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Lin et al developed a serum microRNA classifier that was more accurate than alpha-fetoprotein in detecting preclinical hepatocellular carcinoma. Study Details The study involved healthy controls, inactive hepatitis B surface antigen carriers,...
MASCC/ISOO 2015: Phase III Study of Single-Dose Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine in Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Researchers from Merck presented results from a phase III study investigating the safety and efficacy of single-dose fosaprepitant dimeglumine (Emend) for injection, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, in combination with other antivomiting medicines, for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced...
Better Outcome With Paclitaxel vs Nab-Paclitaxel or Ixabepilone Plus Bevacizumab in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer
In the phase III CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H/Alliance trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rugo et al found that outcomes in first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer were better with weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab (Avastin) compared with weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound...
Dutch Study Indicates No Survival Benefit of Adding Metformin to Gemcitabine-Erlotinib in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
In a Dutch phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Kordes et al found that adding metformin to gemcitabine-erlotinib (Tarceva) did not improve overall survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Study Details In the double-blind study, 121 patients from four centers in the...
Phase II Trial Shows Activity of mTOR Inhibitor Ridaforolimus in Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma
In a randomized phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Oza et al found that the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus was active in previously treated advanced endometrial carcinoma. Study Details In the open-label study, 130 patients with progressive disease after one or two lines...
Survival Benefit of Surgery Lower for Low-Grade vs Higher-Grade Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
In a population-based cohort study reported in JAMA Surgery, Sagara et al found that the breast cancer–specific survival benefit associated with surgery for low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ is lower than that associated with surgery for intermediate- or high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ. ...
Low Axillary Recurrence/Mortality Among Older Women With Node-Negative Breast Cancer Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery Without Sentinel Node Biopsy
In a single institution study reported in JAMA Surgery, Chung et al found a low axillary recurrence rate and low mortality among women with clinical T1–2N0 breast cancer aged ≥ 70 years who underwent breast-conserving surgery without sentinel node biopsy. Study Details The study involved ...
