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Showing 1451 - 1500Rucaparib Leads to Frequent Durable Remissions in BRCA-Mutated Relapsed Ovarian Cancer
Rucaparib (Rubraca) led to frequent durable remissions among patients with relapsed high-grade ovarian cancer with BRCA mutations, regardless of whether the mutations were germline or somatic, according to the results of the ARIEL2 trial presented at the 2017 Society of Gynecologic Oncology Annual...
FDA Grants Marketing Authorization for Ipsogen JAK2 RGQ PCR Kit to Detect JAK2 Genetic Mutations
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted marketing authorization to the ipsogen JAK2 RGQ PCR Kit, manufactured by QIAGEN GmbH, to detect mutations affecting the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. This is the first FDA-authorized test intended to help physicians in evaluating...
AACR 2017: Telomere Length May Predict Cancer Risk, According to Large Epidemiologic Study
The length of the telomeres that protect the tips of chromosomes may predict cancer risk and be a potential target for future therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI) scientists reported at the 2017 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting in...
AACR Inducts 2017 Class of Fellows at Annual Meeting
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) inducted its newly elected class of Fellows of the AACR Academy at its Annual Meeting, held April 1–5, 2017, in Washington, DC. 2017 Class of Fellows Sir Adrian P. Bird, PhD, Buchanan Professor of Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, ...
Forging a New Role to Make Curing More Cancers a Reality
For more than 3 decades, Nancy E. Davidson, MD, has dedicated her clinical and research career to better understanding the molecular mechanisms driving the development of breast cancer and to the discovery of more effective therapies to treat the disease. The recipient of an ASCO Young...
Conquer Cancer Foundation Honors 65 Young Oncology Professionals With Merit Awards
The Conquer Cancer Foundation of ASCO (CCF) is pleased to announce the recipients of its 2017 CCF Merit Awards in Gastrointestinal Cancers, Cancer Survivorship, Genitourinary Cancers, Immuno-Oncology, and Quality Care. The following 65 young researchers, recognized for the scientific merit of their ...
FDA Approves Maintenance Niraparib for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved niraparib (Zejula) for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, whose tumors have achieved complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy....
AACR 2017: PRMT1 Identified as Potential Druggable Target for Pancreatic Cancer
A protein known as arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) may be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, according to results presented by Giuliani et al the 2017 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Washington, DC (Abstract 3016)....
AACR 2017: IDH-Mutant Cancers May Be More Amenable to Treatment With PARP Inhibitors Than IDH Inhibitors, According to Preclinical Findings
Tumors with mutations in the proteins isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 or -2 (IDH1/2) exhibited features similar to BRCA-mutant tumors and were more likely to respond better to PARP inhibitors than to IDH inhibitors, according to preclinical data presented by Sulkowski et al at the 2017 American...
FDA Approves Maintenance Niraparib for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved niraparib (Zejula) for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, whose tumors have achieved complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy....
New Study Finds Most Cancer Mutations Due to Random DNA-Copying Errors
Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists report data from a new study providing evidence that random, unpredictable DNA copying “mistakes” account for nearly two-thirds of the mutations that cause cancer. Their research is grounded on a novel mathematic model based on DNA...
Expert Point of View: Shridar Ganesan, MD, PhD
Shridar Ganesan, MD, PhD, of Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, discussed the study by Cristescu et al at the 2017 ASCO-SITC Clinical Immuno-Oncology Symposium. He noted that data from many sources have shown that point mutation burden correlates with response rate to checkpoint blockade....
New Antiviral Agent May Prevent Posttransplant Cytomegalovirus Infections
Patients receiving the antiviral letermovir (MK-8228, AIC246), as compared to placebo, were almost twice as likely to avoid infection with cytomegalovirus or fail for other reasons in a randomized phase III international trial presented at the 2017 BMT Tandem Meetings, the joint meeting of the...
Adding Temozolomide to Short-Course Radiotherapy in Older Patients With Glioblastoma
In a phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Perry et al found that adding temozolomide to short-course radiotherapy improved overall survival in patients aged ≥ 65 years with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The survival advantage was largest among patients with methylated ...
Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD, on Liquid Biopsies/Cell-Free DNA: Clinical Uses
Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD, of Stanford School of Medicine, discusses promising clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in patients with thoracic malignancies: noninvasive detection of resistance mechanisms to targeted agents and treatment response assessment.
Thoracic 2017: Genetic Profile of Treatment-Resistant Lung Cancer More Variable Than Previously Thought
The genetic mutations underlying treatment resistance in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are more complex and dynamic than previously thought. Analysis of 355 biopsied tumors from patients who acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, the most common form...
Thoracic 2017: Biomarker Test Shows Cancer Recurrence Months Before CT Scans
Results from a prospective clinical trial showed that a blood test looking at specific biomarkers was able to detect recurrences of lung cancer an average of 6 months before conventional imaging methods found evidence of recurrence. In the largest prospective clinical trial to date of circulating...
Association of DNA Thioguanine Nucleotide Concentration and Outcome During Maintenance Therapy for Childhood ALL
In a substudy of a European phase III trial (Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology ALL2008) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Nygaard Nielsen et al found that higher leukocyte DNA-incorporated thioguanine nucleotide (DNA-TGN) levels were associated with an improved relapse-free...
Can Antiviral Therapy Prevent Liver Cancer in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis?
Chronic viral hepatitis is a major causative factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, but antiviral therapy might reduce the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma by preventing or eliminating chronic hepatitis infections, according to Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, MD, Professor of Internal Medicine at Saint ...
Germline Cancer Susceptibility Mutations in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Pearlman et al found that 16% of patients with early-onset colorectal cancer had germline cancer susceptibility mutations, with a wide array of such mutations being identified. Heather Hampel, MS, CGC, of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center,...
A Decade of Lessons Learned From EGFR-Targeted Therapy
To summarize the lessons learned from the development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy, one only has to go back about 10 years, according to Frances A. Shepherd, MD, Scott Taylor Chair in Lung Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Professor of Medicine at ...
Phase II Trial Evaluates New Gene Therapy for Non–Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer After BCG
A novel approach using intravesical gene therapy showed promising activity in a phase II trial that enrolled patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-refractory or -relapsed nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.1 The rate of high-grade relapse-free survival at 12 months was 35% in patients treated ...
Circulating Tumor DNA as a Prognostic Marker in Pancreatic Cancer
Translational research in pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been limited by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient quality and quantity tumor tissue from patients. A study by Pietrasz et al assessing the feasibility and prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma has...
Bright Future for Osimertinib in EGFR T790M–Positive Lung Cancer
The AURA3 study—reported by Mok and colleagues and reviewed in this issue of The ASCO Post—confirms the dramatic activity of osimertinib (Tagrisso) in patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acquired resistance to prior EGFR...
Update on Fertility Outcomes Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer
“Estimates suggest that by the year 2020, there will be over 500,000 adult survivors of childhood cancer in the United States,” Daniel A. Mulrooney, MD, MS, of the Division of Cancer Survivorship, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, reported at the 10th Oncofertility Conference in...
Guru Sonpavde, MD, on Prostate Cancer: Targeting DNA Alterations
Guru Sonpavde, MD, of the UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, discusses his study on circulating tumor DNA alterations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and the therapeutic direction the data suggest. (Abstract 149)
Sumanta K. Pal, MD, on RCC and Tumor Profiling
Sumanta K. Pal, MD, of the City of Hope, discusses the evolution of circulating tumor DNA profile from first-line to second-line therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (Abstract 434)
Joshua M. Lang, MD, on Prostate Cancer: Best of the Journals
Joshua M. Lang, MD, of the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, discusses genomic alterations in DNA damage–repair pathways––more common in patients with prostate cancer than previously recognized–– and clinical trials with PARP inhibitors.
Expert Point of View: Frank Sinicrope, MD
Frank Sinicrope, MD, Professor of Medicine and Oncology at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, told The ASCO Post that anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1) agents “have already changed the landscape” of metastatic colorectal cancer. “We are currently treating microsatellite...
CheckMate 142 Update: Prolonged Disease Control With Nivolumab in Deficient Mismatch Repair Colorectal Cancer
With 6 additional months of follow-up since the initial presentation of results, in the phase II CheckMate 142 trial, 74% of heavily pretreated patients with metastatic colorectal microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) cancers are alive after single-agent treatment with nivolumab (Opdivo).1...
2017 GU Cancers Symposium: Blood Test Uncovers Potential New Treatment Targets in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Analysis of free-floating cancer DNA from blood samples has yielded leads for new prostate cancer treatment targets. Using a commercially available “liquid biopsy” test in patients with advanced prostate cancer, researchers found a number of genetic changes in cell-free, circulating...
Researchers Identify ‘Synthetic Essentiality’ as Novel Approach for Locating Cancer Therapy Targets
A new method has been found for identifying therapeutic targets in cancers lacking specific key tumor suppressor genes. The process, which located a genetic site for the most common form of prostate cancer, has potential for developing precision therapy for other cancers, such as breast, brain, and ...
Oliver Smithies, PhD, Nobel Laureate Who Discovered Gene Targeting, Dies
The ability to artificially alter DNA opens the door to new scientific understanding and treatments for various diseases. Oliver Smithies, PhD, made the crucial discovery that a disease-causing gene could be modified. For that and other groundbreaking work, he, along with two other scientists, was ...
Serum DNA Methylation as Predictive Marker in Metastatic Breast Cancer
In the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium (TBCRC) 005 prospective biomarker study, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Kala Visvanathan, MBBS, MHS, of Johns Hopkins University, and colleagues, a cumulative methylation index was found to be predictive of progression-free...
Liquid Biopsies Show Promise in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Technologic advances for detecting and analyzing cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from peripheral blood offer a precision method for monitoring diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Although most patients with DLBCL are cured with initial therapy, those who are not cured have a poor...
Circulating Tumor DNA Profiling Identifies Clonal Evolution Patterns and Permits Classification of Tumor Subtypes in DLBCL
In a study reported in Science Translational Medicine, Florian Scherer, MD, David M. Kurtz, MD (Conquer Cancer Foundation Young Investigator), Aaron M. Newman, PhD, and colleagues from Stanford University found that analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) permits identification of patterns of...
On the Horizon: New Tools for Prostate Cancer
The field of prostate cancer is being energized by discoveries in genetics, novel imaging techniques, and the potential of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer. Not all of these advances are currently clinically actionable, but all have the potential to change clinical...
Early Success Reported With Two New Agents for High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes
At the 2016 American Society for Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition, researchers reported early success with two new experimental agents for high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes—enasidenib (also known as AG-221), a potent oral inhibitor of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) enzyme,...
Immunotherapy 2.0 Named Advance of the Year in ASCO's Report
A growing number of patients with cancer are benefiting from research advances in immunotherapy, leading ASCO to name immunotherapy as the Society's Advance of the Year for a second year in a row. Released today, Clinical Cancer Advances 2017: ASCO's Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer...
New Molecular-Based Prognostic Model for Glioblastoma in Temozolomide Era
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Bell et al derived a molecular-based recursive partitioning analysis model for overall survival in glioblastoma multiforme in the temozolomide era with the aim of refining existing clinically based models. Study Details The study involved analysis of 452...
24-Gene Predictor of Response to Postoperative Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer
In a matched retrospective analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Zhao et al identified and validated a 24-gene predictor of response to postoperative radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Felix Y. Feng, MD, of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author of The Lancet...
Rucaparib in Previously Treated BRCA Mutation–Associated Ovarian Cancer
On December 19, 2016, rucaparib (Rubraca) was granted accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with deleterious BRCA mutation–associated (germline or somatic) advanced ovarian cancer who have received two or more prior chemotherapy regimens.1,2 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ...
ASCO Launches First Journal Dedicated to Precision Oncology
ASCO has launched a new journal dedicated to precision oncology, JCO Precision Oncology (JCO PO). JCO PO features original clinical research, scientific reviews, and editorials on genomics. James M. Ford, MD, the journal’s Editor-in-Chief, said JCO PO offers precision oncologists a place to...
PARP Inhibitor Niraparib Yields ‘Unprecedented’ Results in Ovarian Cancer in Phase III Trial
The first phase III trial of an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) yielded unprecedented results in treating ovarian cancer. The trial was presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) in Copenhagen, Denmark, and electronically reported concurrently in The New England ...
Understanding Cancer Epigenetics and Its Clinical Implications
The field of epigenetics emerged in the 1990s and has been described with somewhat variable meanings. In 2008, a meeting at the Cold Spring Harbor laboratory arrived at a definition of epigenetics by consensus: “A stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without...
Eileen M. O’Reilly, MD, on Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Cancers: Selecting High-Impact Targets
Eileen M. O’Reilly, MD, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, discusses a range of topics, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune therapies, targeted approaches, and DNA damage repair strategies.
ASCO Endorses ASTRO Guideline on Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma
As reported by Erik P. Sulman, MD, PhD, of MD Anderson Cancer Center, and colleagues in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ASCO has endorsed the 2016 American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based guideline on radiation therapy for glioblastoma.1 The endorsement was based on review ...
Michael J. Overman, MD, on Colorectal Cancer: Updated Results From CheckMate 142
Michael J. Overman, MD, of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses study findings on nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab in patients with DNA mismatch repair–deficient/microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer (Abstract 519).
What Precisely Is Precision Oncology—and Will It Work?
We know from chaos theory that even if you had a perfect model of the world, you’d need infinite precision in order to predict future events. —Nassim Nicholas Taleb The term “precision oncology” is used to describe diverse strategies in cancer medicine ranging from the use of targeted therapies...
Identification and Characterization of HPV-Independent Cervical Cancers
A team of University of South Carolina scientists led by Carolyn Banister, PhD, and Phillip Buckhaults, PhD, identified a new subtype of cervical cancer that, like most cervical cancers, is triggered by human papillomavirus (HPV), but whose growth is not directed by the virus, suggesting that...
