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Showing 12051 - 12100MicroRNA-181a Shows Promise as a Biomarker for Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer
In patients with late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, high levels of microRNA-181a may be predictive of chemotherapy resistance and disease progression, according to the results of a study reported by Parikh et al in Nature Communications. Thus, microRNA-181a may serve as a biomarker for prognosis ...
Promising Effects of High-Dose Parenteral Ascorbate in Ovarian Cancer
Oral ascorbate, or vitamin C, has been shown to be ineffective in cancer clinical trials. However, recent studies have indicated that millimolar concentrations of ascorbate achieved in blood and tissue with intravenous dosing is associated with cancer cell killing without harm to normal tissue. In...
Crizotinib Produces Durable Responses in Small Study of Patients With Advanced, Chemoresistant ALK-Positive Lymphoma
In a brief communication in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Passerini et al described compassionate use experience with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori) in a group of patients with chemoresistant advanced ALK-positive lymphoma. Response was observed in 10 of 11 patients, and...
Brachytherapy Offers Lower Rate of Breast Preservation vs Standard Radiation for Older Women With Breast Cancer
When comparing treatments designed to enable long-term breast preservation for older women with invasive breast cancer, researchers found those treated with brachytherapy were at higher risk for a later mastectomy, compared to women treated with standard radiation therapy. The findings, published...
Newly Created Risk Stratification Database Aids in Predicting Outcomes in Prostate Cancer
The pan-Canadian Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification database was created to report on the patient, tumor, and treatment factors that were predictive of biochemical and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Risk stratification in the management of those with...
Progression-Free Survival Can Be Used as Surrogate for Overall Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Trials With Dacarbazine Control Group
In a meta-analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Flaherty et al found that progression-free survival is a reliable surrogate for overall survival in clinical trials in metastatic melanoma that include dacarbazine as control treatment. Study Details In the analysis, 1,649 reports and meeting...
Unfavorable Prognosis in Advanced Serous Ovarian Cancer May Be Linked to Estrogen Receptor Beta Isoform
Anomalies in the cytoplasmic expression of estrogen receptor beta 2 appear to be associated with poorer outcomes in patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer, according to the results of a study reported by Ciucci et al in Gynecologic Oncology. This isoform may represent an independent...
Potential Therapeutic Role for Aspirin in the Management of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma
In patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma, aspirin may be of benefit in minimizing tumor growth, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Kandathil et al in Otology and Neurotology. This finding may eliminate the need for invasive therapy and may complement existing...
Yoga Improves Inflammation, Fatigue, and Vitality in Breast Cancer Survivors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kiecolt-Glaser et al found that yoga reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and fatigue and increased vitality in breast cancer survivors. Study Details In the study, 200 women with stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer who had completed...
Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Improves Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients With Longer Life Expectancy
Prior to the advent of targeted therapy, cytoreductive nephrectomy was associated with a 6-month improvement in overall survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. With the development of new and better targeted therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the appropriate use of cytoreductive...
Patients With Near-Complete Response After Induction Therapy May Be Candidates for Bladder-Sparing Therapy
Bladder-sparing approaches are typically reserved for patients with bladder cancer who have a complete response to combined modality induction therapy (radiation plus chemotherapy). A new phase II study suggests that patients with near-complete response should also be considered for bladder-sparing ...
New Findings Contradict Current Understanding of How to Manage Breast Biopsy Abnormalities
A long-term follow-up study by Hartmann et al of patients with two types of breast tissue abnormalities—atypical ductal hyperplasia and atypical lobular hyperplasia—suggests that both abnormalities have the same potential to advance to breast cancer. The findings could help improve...
Study Reports Success in Targeted Therapy for Lung Adenocarcinoma
The most common genetic subtype of lung cancer, which has long defied treatment with targeted therapies, has had its growth halted by a combination of two already-in-use drugs in laboratory and animal studies, setting the stage for clinical trials of the drugs in patients. The study, published in...
Is the Traumatic Impact of Cancer Overestimated in Children With Cancer?
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Phipps et al found no evidence of increased post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children with cancer and observed a heightened sense of perceived growth related to cancer events in these children. ...
Early Termination Not Unique to Genitourinary Cancer Clinical Trials
An analysis of 7,776 adult cancer clinical trials registered on Clinicaltrials.gov showed that approximately 20% of trials failed to be completed for reasons unrelated to the efficacy or side effects of the intervention. In 2010, a report from the Institute of Medicine entitled “A National...
Angiotensin System Inhibitors Improve Survival in Hypertensive Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
According to a retrospective study, the use of angiotensin system inhibitors, such as lisinopril, captopril, and losartan, improved the survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma by 9 months, compared with patients who were not receiving these types of agents. Survival was even...
Radiation Plus Hormone Therapy Extends Survival in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer
The addition of radiation to lifelong hormone therapy with oral antiandrogens vs antiandrogens alone reduced the prostate cancer–specific death rate by more than 50% at 10 and 15 years in men with locally advanced prostate cancer, according to an updated analysis of the Scandinavian Prostate...
Enzalutamide Improves Survival in Chemotherapy-Naive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Enzalutamide (Xtandi) improved survival by 29% in men with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and reduced the risk of radiographic progression by 81%, according to complete results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, phase III PREVAIL...
New Clues May Link Hereditary Cancer Genes to Increased Risk of Cancer From Alcohol
In laboratory experiments conducted on human cell lines at the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, scientists have shown that people carrying certain mutations in two hereditary cancer genes, BRCA2 and PALB2, may have a higher than usual susceptibility to DNA damage caused by acetaldehyde, a ...
PI3K-Delta Inhibitor Idelalisib Produces High Response Rates in Relapsed Indolent Lymphoma
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-delta mediates B-cell receptor signaling and microenvironment support signals that promote the growth and survival of malignant B lymphocytes. In a phase II study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Gopal et al found that the PI3K-delta inhibitor...
NCI Scientists Map Genetic Changes in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors
Researchers from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have found two distinct genotypes in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors: those characterized by the PAX3 or PAX7 fusion and those that lack these fusions but harbor mutations in key signaling pathways. The discovery could lead to the development of targeted ...
No Survival Benefit of Adjuvant 5-FU–Based Chemotherapy After Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy or Chemoradiation for Resectable Rectal Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Bosset et al, long-term results of the European Organisaton for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 22921 indicate that adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy after preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy does not affect...
Dermoscopy Shows Characteristics of Cutaneous Metastases of Visceral Cancers
In a case series reported in JAMA Dermatology, Chernoff et al found that dermoscopic identification of vascular structures in cutaneous nodules in patients with known cancer diagnosis should raise suspicion for cutaneous metastasis. Study Details In the study, high-quality dermoscopic images of...
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Improves Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Patients with cancers of the head and neck who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy experienced improved outcomes, as well as reduced toxicities, compared to patients receiving conventional radiation therapy, according to findings published online in Cancer by Beadle et al. The study is...
One-Fifth of Hospitalizations for Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer Considered Avoidable
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Brooks et al found that oncology clinicians considered 19% of hospitalizations for patients with gastrointestinal cancers to be avoidable. Study Details In the study, 201 sequential hospital admissions in 154 patients with gastrointestinal...
Pilot Study Shows Promise of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Without Routine Radiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy delays administration of optimal chemotherapy in stage II to III rectal cancer. In a pilot study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schrag et al assessed outcomes with neoadjuvant FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)/bevacizumab (Avastin) with...
Addition of Nintedanib to Docetaxel Improves Progression-Free Survival as Second-Line Treatment in NSCLC
In a phase III trial (LUME-Lung 1) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Reck et al assessed the addition of nintedanib to docetaxel in second-line treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The combination significantly improved progression-free survival in all patients and improved overall ...
Adding Chemotherapy to Radiotherapy Does Not Appear to Affect Cognitive Function in Patients With Low-Grade Glioma
The addition of PCV (procarbazine [Matulane], lomustine [CeeNu], vincristine) chemotherapy to radiotherapy improves progression-free survival in patients with grade 2 glioma, but the potential effect of treatment intensification on cognitive function is a concern in this group of patients with good ...
Seven-Gene Score Incorporating Methylation and Expression Distinguishes AML Risk Groups
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Marcucci et al assessed whether including epigenetic changes—ie, DNA methylation—as molecular risk factors could improve risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They found that a seven-gene score integrating DNA...
Breast-Conservation Therapy Associated With Better Cancer-Specific Survival Than Mastectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Agarwal et al compared breast cancer–specific survival rates of patients with early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma undergoing breast-conservation therapy (lumpectomy followed by radiation), mastectomy alone, or mastectomy with radiation using the SEER...
MicroRNA Test Reduces False-Positive CT Screening Rate for Lung Cancer
Although recent data indicate that low-dose computed tomography (CT) reduces lung cancer mortality in high-risk patients, high false-positive rates, costs, and the potential for harm point out the need for biomarkers that can improve risk assessment. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical...
Irinotecan Drug-Eluting Beads Improve Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Liver Metastases
Irinotecan drug-eluting beads given simultaneously with FOLFOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin) and bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with unresectable liver metastasis from colorectal cancer improved response rates, increased resectability and prolonged hepatic progression-free survival in...
Surgeon Experience Affects Likelihood of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Older Women With Breast Cancer
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is standard of care for axillary staging in clinically node-negative breast cancer, and underuse of sentinel lymph node biopsy could be associated with unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection and lymphedema. In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Yen et al assessed the...
Cetuximab Fails to Improve Survival in Nonoperable Esophageal Cancer
More data have emerged that discount the potential for benefit with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in esophageal cancer. The latest comes from the RTOG 0436 randomized phase III trial in patients with nonoperable esophageal cancer, the results of which were presented at the 2014 ...
Both Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and, More So, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Improve Insomnia in Cancer Patients
In a noninferiority trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Garland et al compared the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction vs cognitive-behavioral therapy for treatment of insomnia in patients with cancer. They found that both techniques improved insomnia, with...
Study Questions the Anticancer Mechanism of Metformin
The drug metformin, which is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been tested in clinical trials as a tumor suppressor in different cancers due to its role in activating the AMPK signaling pathway. However, a new study by Liu et al published in Proceedings of the National Academy of...
Immunotherapy Strategy Boosts Survival in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Overall survival was improved in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer through an innovative immunotherapy strategy in a multicenter study to be reported at the 2014 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (Abstract 177). The results were announced at a press briefing prior to the meeting....
High Presurgical Levels of Angiogenic and Growth Factors Are Associated With Poorer Survival After Gastric Resection
In patients undergoing gastric resection for gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancers, high levels of angiogenic and growth factors are associated with poorer overall survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Park et al in the Annals of Surgical Oncology. Thus, these ...
Preoperative Oral Capecitabine Chemotherapy Is Equivalent to Infusional 5-FU for Rectal Cancer
New findings from a four-arm phase III clinical trial in patients with stage II or stage III rectal cancer indicate that combining preoperative radiation with either capecitabine or fluorouracil (5-FU) results in equivalent outcomes. This study provides strong clinical evidence that using either...
Combination Capecitabine/Temozolomide Appears Highly Effective in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Neuroendocrine Tumors
Interim results from an ongoing phase II clinical trial in patients with various types of advanced neuroendocrine tumors show that a new chemotherapy combination of capecitabine and temozolomide either stalled disease progression or shrank tumors in 95% of patients whose disease worsened after...
Known Lung Cancer Oncogenes ALK and ROS1 May Also Drive Certain Colorectal Tumors
ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangements, which are known to drive subsets of lung cancer, appear to be present in some colorectal cancers as well, according to the results of a study published in Molecular Cancer Research. The findings by Aisner et al suggest that therapies used to target these two...
Ibrutinib Promising as Initial Therapy for Elderly Patients With CLL in Phase IB/II Trial
Chemoimmunotherapy has produced improved response and survival in young patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but its use in elderly patients has been limited by myelosuppression and infection. In a phase IB/II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, O’Brien et al assessed the use...
Nurse- and Gastroenterologist-Led Algorithm-Based Management Improve GI Symptoms After Pelvic Radiotherapy
In the ORBIT trial, reported in The Lancet, Andreyev et al compared outcomes with usual care, gastroenterologist-led algorithm-based management, and nurse-led algorithm-based management for patients with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy for cancer. The findings...
Half of Patients With Stage I Pediatric Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Can Be Spared Chemotherapy After Initial Surgery With Surveillance Strategy
In a Children’s Oncology Group study (AGCT0132) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Billmire et al found that overall survival can be preserved in patients with stage I pediatric malignant ovarian germ cell tumor with a strategy of initial surveillance after surgical resection....
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Associated With Survival Advantage in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
In patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, sentinel lymph node biopsy was shown to be associated with improved survival, according to the results of a retrospective study reported by Kachare et al in the Annals of Surgical Oncology. Thus, sentinel lymph node biopsy offers prognostic information that...
Good Results Using Loss of Major Molecular Response as Criterion for Restarting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in CML
Many patients with chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in complete molecular response have molecular relapse after discontinuation of imatinib (Gleevec) treatment. In a French multicenter observational study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rousselot et al assessed the...
No Survival Difference for Autologous vs Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Chemotherapy-Sensitive Mantle Cell Lymphoma
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fenske et al compared outcomes with early or late autologous vs reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a population of patients with chemotherapy-sensitive mantle cell lymphoma. They found no...
No Difference for Aprepitant vs Dexamethasone for Chemotherapy-Induced Delayed Emesis in Patients With Breast Cancer
In a phase III study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Roila et al compared aprepitant vs dexamethasone in prevention of delayed emesis in breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline/cyclophosphamide who had received palonosetron/aprepitant/dexamethasone prophylaxis for acute...
Oral Insulin Sensitizers Associated With Decreased Cancer Risk in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
According to the findings of a meta-analysis by Sun et al published in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are on certain therapies, such as insulin secretagogues, may be at higher risk for cancer. This increased risk was seen more frequently in women, and...
Imiquimod 5% Cream Inferior to Surgical Excision in Nodular and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
In a noninferiority trial (SINS) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Bath-Hextall et al compared imiquimod 5% cream vs surgical excision for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinomas. Imiquimod cream was found to be inferior to surgical excision, but it may have a role in treatment of low-risk...
