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Showing 11901 - 11950Standard 24 Gy More Effective Than 4 Gy in Radiotherapy for Indolent Lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma has been found to respond to radiotherapy doses as low as 4 Gy. In the phase III FORT trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hoskin et al compared radiotherapy with 4 Gy in two fractions vs 24 Gy in 12 fractions in patients with indolent lymphoma, finding that the 24-Gy regimen...
Robotic-Assisted Prostate Surgery May Offer Better Cancer Control Than Open Radical Prostatectomy
An observational study from UCLA’s Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center comparing robotic-assisted surgery to traditional surgery for prostate cancer found that patients who had robotic surgery had fewer instances of cancer cells remaining after surgery and less need of additional cancer...
Lower Adenoma Miss Rate With Full-Spectrum vs Standard Forward-Viewing Colonoscopy
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Gralnek et al found that full-spectrum endoscopic colonoscopy had a lower adenoma miss rate compared with standard forward-viewing colonoscopy. Study Details In the study, performed at three sites in Israel, one in the Netherlands, and two in the United ...
Event-Free Survival at 24 Months Can Serve as Endpoint for Disease-Related Outcome in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Immunochemotherapy
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Maurer et al found that patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with immunochemotherapy who achieve event-free survival at 24 months have overall survival that does not differ significantly from that in the general...
CAR T-Cell Therapy Yields Promising Complete Response Rates in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell ALL
In a recent study published in Science Translational Medicine, Davila et al found that 88% of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were treated with genetically modified versions of their own immune cells achieved overall complete response. Most...
Adding Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Advanced Cervical Cancer
Retreatment with cisplatin has reduced effectiveness in patients with recurrent cervical cancer who have received cisplatin with radiation therapy. In a 2×2 factorial phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Tewari et al compared cisplatin/paclitaxel vs nonplatinum...
Bevacizumab Added to Radiotherapy/Temozolomide Improves Progression-Free Survival but Not Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
In a double-blind phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Chinot et al assessed adding bevacizumab (Avastin) to radiotherapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This was the second of two similar studies published in the February 20 issue of...
Adding Bevacizumab to Radiotherapy and Temozolomide Does Not Improve Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
In a double-blind phase III trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Gilbert et al assessed adding bevacizumab (Avastin), which is currently approved in recurrent glioblastoma, to radiotherapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The addition of bevacizumab...
Final Report From Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Supports Sentinel-Node Biopsy for Thick and Intermediate-Thickness Melanomas
The 10-year follow-up of the Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT), reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Morton et al in the MSLT Group, provides support for use of sentinel-node biopsy for thick melanomas, as well as for intermediate-thickness melanomas. Current...
No Progression-Free Survival Difference for Dovitinib vs Sorafenib in Third-Line Targeted Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway activation may be a mechanism of escape from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapies. In a phase III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Motzer et al compared the VEGF and FGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor dovitinib vs sorafenib...
Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients Report Benefit in Salivary Function With Reduction of Radiation Dose to Bilateral Submandibular Lymph Nodes
For head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, a reduction in the amount of radiation treatment volume to the submandibular (level IB) lymph nodes resulted in better patient-reported salivary function, according to research presented today at the 2014 Multidisciplinary Head and...
Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer Report Decreased Quality of Voice and Speech After Treatment
Patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy reported a decrease in their voice and speech quality for up to 1 year after the completion of treatment, according to research presented today at the 2014 Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Symposium....
Unilateral Radiotherapy for Advanced Tonsil Cancer Yields Favorable Outcome
New research suggests that it is safe to limit radiation therapy to lymph nodes on only one side of the neck for lateralized tonsil cancer. In addition, the study findings show that primary tumor location, rather than the amount of lymph node involvement on the tumor side of the neck, drives the...
Nonsentinel Lymph Node Status Independently Predicts Melanoma-Specific Survival in Patients With Two or Three Positive Nodes
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Pasquali et al assessed the prognostic utility of nonsentinel lymph node status in patients with cutaneous melanoma. They found that nonsentinel lymph node status was a significant independent predictor of melanoma-specific survival in...
Study Identifies Key Mechanism Involved in Promoting Melanoma Proliferation
Researchers have identified a microRNA, miR-146a, that accelerates in the presence of BRAF and NRAS genetic mutations—which occur in 70% of melanoma cases—by activating the Notch signaling pathway. The finding could provide a new drug development target for patients with melanoma. The...
Rituximab Active in Nodular Lymphocyte–Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Mature results of a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Advani et al indicate that rituximab (Rituxan) is active in nodular lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, which is characterized by expression of CD20 by malignant cells. Most patients relapsed, but durable...
Blacks, Hispanics, Older Americans Not Benefiting Equally From Improvements in Colon Cancer Treatment
While new and better treatments have improved the odds of survival for patients diagnosed with late-stage colorectal cancer, that progress has been largely confined to non-Hispanic whites and Asians and those under age 65, according to a new study published in Cancer Causes and Control. Sineshaw et ...
Compound Screening Identifies Novel Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Using high-throughput screening of already FDA-approved chemotherapeutic agents in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) cell lines, researchers have discovered that GIST cells display a high sensitivity to transcriptional and topoisomerase II inhibitors. The finding could bring new treatments to...
Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate Receives Full FDA Approval for CML
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted full approval to omacetaxine mepesuccinate (Synribo) for injection. The full approval was based on the final analysis of two phase II trials that evaluated the efficacy and tolerability data of omacetaxine. The agent received an accelerated...
No Difference in Recurrence After 5 Years With or Without Radiotherapy Following Sector Resection in Stage I Breast Cancer
The 20-year follow-up of the Swedish Uppsala/Örebro trial, reported by Wickberg et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, shows that improved control of recurrence over 5 years with radiotherapy after sector resection in patients with stage I breast cancer is followed by similar...
Findings With Comparative Genomic Hybridization Array and DNA Sequencing Indicate Feasibility of Personalized Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer
In the SAFIR01/UNICANCER study reported in The Lancet Oncology, André et al used comparative genomic hybridization and Sanger sequencing on metastatic breast cancer biopsy samples to determine the proportion of cases in which targeted therapy could be offered. They found that screening...
No Mortality Benefit of Mammography Screening in 25-Year Follow-up of Canadian National Breast Screening Study
As reported in BMJ by Miller et al, the 25-year follow-up of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study has shown no mortality benefit of annual mammography screening for breast cancer compared with physical examination or usual care. Mammography screening was associated with...
Antifungal Itraconazole Shows Activity in Basal Cell Carcinoma
In an open-label exploratory phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kim et al found that the antifungal agent itraconazole, which inhibits the Hedgehog signaling pathway, reduced tumor cell proliferation, Hedgehog pathway activity, and tumor area in patients with basal cell...
Radiotherapy for Bulky Disease Added to R-CHOP Improves Outcome in Elderly Patients With Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Held et al studied elderly patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and bulky disease in the most effective treatment arm of the RICOVER-60 trial, which included radiotherapy. The investigators compared outcomes ...
MicroRNA-181a Shows Promise as a Biomarker for Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer
In patients with late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, high levels of microRNA-181a may be predictive of chemotherapy resistance and disease progression, according to the results of a study reported by Parikh et al in Nature Communications. Thus, microRNA-181a may serve as a biomarker for prognosis ...
Promising Effects of High-Dose Parenteral Ascorbate in Ovarian Cancer
Oral ascorbate, or vitamin C, has been shown to be ineffective in cancer clinical trials. However, recent studies have indicated that millimolar concentrations of ascorbate achieved in blood and tissue with intravenous dosing is associated with cancer cell killing without harm to normal tissue. In...
Crizotinib Produces Durable Responses in Small Study of Patients With Advanced, Chemoresistant ALK-Positive Lymphoma
In a brief communication in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Passerini et al described compassionate use experience with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori) in a group of patients with chemoresistant advanced ALK-positive lymphoma. Response was observed in 10 of 11 patients, and...
Brachytherapy Offers Lower Rate of Breast Preservation vs Standard Radiation for Older Women With Breast Cancer
When comparing treatments designed to enable long-term breast preservation for older women with invasive breast cancer, researchers found those treated with brachytherapy were at higher risk for a later mastectomy, compared to women treated with standard radiation therapy. The findings, published...
Newly Created Risk Stratification Database Aids in Predicting Outcomes in Prostate Cancer
The pan-Canadian Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification database was created to report on the patient, tumor, and treatment factors that were predictive of biochemical and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Risk stratification in the management of those with...
Progression-Free Survival Can Be Used as Surrogate for Overall Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Trials With Dacarbazine Control Group
In a meta-analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Flaherty et al found that progression-free survival is a reliable surrogate for overall survival in clinical trials in metastatic melanoma that include dacarbazine as control treatment. Study Details In the analysis, 1,649 reports and meeting...
Unfavorable Prognosis in Advanced Serous Ovarian Cancer May Be Linked to Estrogen Receptor Beta Isoform
Anomalies in the cytoplasmic expression of estrogen receptor beta 2 appear to be associated with poorer outcomes in patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer, according to the results of a study reported by Ciucci et al in Gynecologic Oncology. This isoform may represent an independent...
Potential Therapeutic Role for Aspirin in the Management of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma
In patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma, aspirin may be of benefit in minimizing tumor growth, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Kandathil et al in Otology and Neurotology. This finding may eliminate the need for invasive therapy and may complement existing...
Yoga Improves Inflammation, Fatigue, and Vitality in Breast Cancer Survivors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kiecolt-Glaser et al found that yoga reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and fatigue and increased vitality in breast cancer survivors. Study Details In the study, 200 women with stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer who had completed...
Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Improves Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients With Longer Life Expectancy
Prior to the advent of targeted therapy, cytoreductive nephrectomy was associated with a 6-month improvement in overall survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. With the development of new and better targeted therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the appropriate use of cytoreductive...
Patients With Near-Complete Response After Induction Therapy May Be Candidates for Bladder-Sparing Therapy
Bladder-sparing approaches are typically reserved for patients with bladder cancer who have a complete response to combined modality induction therapy (radiation plus chemotherapy). A new phase II study suggests that patients with near-complete response should also be considered for bladder-sparing ...
New Findings Contradict Current Understanding of How to Manage Breast Biopsy Abnormalities
A long-term follow-up study by Hartmann et al of patients with two types of breast tissue abnormalities—atypical ductal hyperplasia and atypical lobular hyperplasia—suggests that both abnormalities have the same potential to advance to breast cancer. The findings could help improve...
Study Reports Success in Targeted Therapy for Lung Adenocarcinoma
The most common genetic subtype of lung cancer, which has long defied treatment with targeted therapies, has had its growth halted by a combination of two already-in-use drugs in laboratory and animal studies, setting the stage for clinical trials of the drugs in patients. The study, published in...
Is the Traumatic Impact of Cancer Overestimated in Children With Cancer?
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Phipps et al found no evidence of increased post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children with cancer and observed a heightened sense of perceived growth related to cancer events in these children. ...
Early Termination Not Unique to Genitourinary Cancer Clinical Trials
An analysis of 7,776 adult cancer clinical trials registered on Clinicaltrials.gov showed that approximately 20% of trials failed to be completed for reasons unrelated to the efficacy or side effects of the intervention. In 2010, a report from the Institute of Medicine entitled “A National...
Angiotensin System Inhibitors Improve Survival in Hypertensive Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
According to a retrospective study, the use of angiotensin system inhibitors, such as lisinopril, captopril, and losartan, improved the survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma by 9 months, compared with patients who were not receiving these types of agents. Survival was even...
Radiation Plus Hormone Therapy Extends Survival in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer
The addition of radiation to lifelong hormone therapy with oral antiandrogens vs antiandrogens alone reduced the prostate cancer–specific death rate by more than 50% at 10 and 15 years in men with locally advanced prostate cancer, according to an updated analysis of the Scandinavian Prostate...
Enzalutamide Improves Survival in Chemotherapy-Naive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Enzalutamide (Xtandi) improved survival by 29% in men with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and reduced the risk of radiographic progression by 81%, according to complete results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, phase III PREVAIL...
New Clues May Link Hereditary Cancer Genes to Increased Risk of Cancer From Alcohol
In laboratory experiments conducted on human cell lines at the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, scientists have shown that people carrying certain mutations in two hereditary cancer genes, BRCA2 and PALB2, may have a higher than usual susceptibility to DNA damage caused by acetaldehyde, a ...
PI3K-Delta Inhibitor Idelalisib Produces High Response Rates in Relapsed Indolent Lymphoma
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-delta mediates B-cell receptor signaling and microenvironment support signals that promote the growth and survival of malignant B lymphocytes. In a phase II study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Gopal et al found that the PI3K-delta inhibitor...
NCI Scientists Map Genetic Changes in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors
Researchers from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have found two distinct genotypes in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors: those characterized by the PAX3 or PAX7 fusion and those that lack these fusions but harbor mutations in key signaling pathways. The discovery could lead to the development of targeted ...
No Survival Benefit of Adjuvant 5-FU–Based Chemotherapy After Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy or Chemoradiation for Resectable Rectal Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Bosset et al, long-term results of the European Organisaton for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 22921 indicate that adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy after preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy does not affect...
Dermoscopy Shows Characteristics of Cutaneous Metastases of Visceral Cancers
In a case series reported in JAMA Dermatology, Chernoff et al found that dermoscopic identification of vascular structures in cutaneous nodules in patients with known cancer diagnosis should raise suspicion for cutaneous metastasis. Study Details In the study, high-quality dermoscopic images of...
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Improves Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Patients with cancers of the head and neck who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy experienced improved outcomes, as well as reduced toxicities, compared to patients receiving conventional radiation therapy, according to findings published online in Cancer by Beadle et al. The study is...
One-Fifth of Hospitalizations for Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer Considered Avoidable
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Brooks et al found that oncology clinicians considered 19% of hospitalizations for patients with gastrointestinal cancers to be avoidable. Study Details In the study, 201 sequential hospital admissions in 154 patients with gastrointestinal...
Pilot Study Shows Promise of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Without Routine Radiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy delays administration of optimal chemotherapy in stage II to III rectal cancer. In a pilot study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schrag et al assessed outcomes with neoadjuvant FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)/bevacizumab (Avastin) with...
