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Showing 11901 - 11950Proteomic Signature for EGFR Inhibitor Therapy Predicts Survival Benefit of Second-Line Chemotherapy vs Erlotinib in NSCLC
There are conflicting data on whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy is beneficial in second-line treatment of lung cancer patients with unknown or wild-type EGFR status. In a phase III trial (PROSE) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Gregorc et al assessed the predictive...
The Cancer Community Mourns the Passing of Selma Schimmel
The cancer community is mourning the death of Selma Schimmel who passed away on May 21, 2014, from malignant psoas syndrome, a complication of ovarian cancer. Ms. Schimmel died at Providence Tarzana Medical Center near her home in Los Angeles, California. She was 59. A tireless and fierce advocate ...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Score Improves Assessment of Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Kaseb et al developed a plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)–based score for hepatic reserve in hepatocellular carcinoma and compared its predictive ability with that of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score in two...
High Expression of Brachyury Associated With Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Tamoxifen
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a key role in tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance and the transcription factor brachyury has recently been identified as a driver of this process. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Palena et al found that a...
Radium-223 Dichloride Significantly Prolongs Time to First Symptomatic Skeletal Event in Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
In an article in The Lancet Oncology, Sartor et al report symptomatic skeletal event outcomes in the phase III ALSYMPCA trial, which was the study supporting the May 2013 approval of radium-233 dichloride (Xofigo) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases. They found ...
Early Study Shows Improved Survival With Radioimmunotherapy/Gemcitabine Combination in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Cancer
A randomized phase Ib study of a combination of low radiosensitizing doses of gemcitabine and fractionated doses of 90Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal cancer who had received at least two prior systemic therapies, has found a significant survival advantage in...
Studies Evaluate Racial Variations, Cost, and Influence of Access to Care in the Management and Treatment of Testicular Cancer
A series of studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness, risks, and outcomes associated with detecting, diagnosing, and treating testicular cancer were presented at a press conference during the 2014 Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological Association in Orlando, Florida. Although...
Results of Three Studies Indicate 17-Gene Assay Is a Significant Predictor of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at the Time of Diagnosis
According to the results from three studies published in European Urology, the 17-gene Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score is a significant predictor of disease aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis before intervention with radiation or surgery. The test provides more precise and individualized...
Blocking CD47 Signals May Offer New Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Two preclinical studies of tumor samples taken from 39 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and 39 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has found that for both these pancreatic cancers, CD47 is expressed at elevated levels on the cells that make up the bulk of the tumors and on...
Neoadjuvant Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin With Pegfilgrastim: Safe and Effective in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Cancer
In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Choueiri et al found that a neoadjuvant four-cycle/8-week regimen of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin was well tolerated and effective in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer. Study Details ...
Obesity Substantially Increases Breast Cancer Mortality Only in Women With Premenopausal Estrogen Receptor–Positive Disease
A new study of 80,000 women with early breast cancer in 70 clinical trials finds that obesity is associated with a 34% higher risk of breast cancer–related death only among the 20,000 premenopausal women who had estrogen receptor–positive disease. Obesity had little effect in...
New EGFR Inhibitor AZD9291 Shows Promising Activity in Treatment-Resistant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Findings from a phase I study of a new mutant-selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AZD9291, point to a promising new treatment option for patients with advanced, EGFR-mutant, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is resistant to standard EGFR...
Delaying Androgen Deprivation Therapy May Be Safe for Men With Prostate Cancer Relapse Detected by PSA Testing
According to a large, population-based observational study of men who had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-only based relapse after prostate surgery or radiation therapy, delaying androgen deprivation therapy until the onset of symptoms or appearance of cancer on a scan does not substantially...
Novel Target Found for Chemotherapy-Resistant Leukemia Cells
Researchers at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles have discovered that by targeting a particular receptor, chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells can be killed in an acute form of childhood leukemia, offering the potential for a future treatment for patients who would otherwise experience relapse...
Diffuse Erythema Predicts Complete Remission of Skin Disease With Alemtuzumab in Leukemic Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
As reported in a research letter in JAMA Dermatology, Watanabe et al found that diffuse erythema at presentation in patients with leukemic T-cell lymphoma was associated with better response to low-dose alemtuzumab (Campath) compared with patients presenting with preexisting plaques or tumors....
Phase II Feasibility Study Tests Four Molecular-Based Hypotheses in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
In a phase II feasibility study (MRC FOCUS3) reported in British Journal of Cancer, Maughan et al used KRAS and BRAF mutation status and topoisomerase-1 expression status to randomly assign patients with advanced colorectal cancer to molecular hypothesis–driven treatment or control treatment. ...
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Within Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma During Vismodegib Treatment: Importance of Serial Biopsy
In a report in JAMA Dermatology, Zhu et al discuss two cases in which clinically significant squamous cell carcinoma was found within the tumor bed of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma during vismodegib (Erivedge) treatment for basal cell carcinoma. In one, basal cell carcinoma tumor shrinkage...
Immunotherapy May Be Effective in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
A new study by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC–James) provides evidence that genetically modifying immune cells might effectively treat multiple myeloma. The findings by ...
Tools for Identifying Pathologically Insignificant Prostate Cancer Are Inaccurate In Unscreened Men
In a study reported in British Journal of Cancer, Shaw et al assessed the accuracy of several reported criteria for identifying insignificant prostate cancer for active surveillance in a population of unscreened men. None of the examined tools provided sufficient discrimination of insignificant...
Phase I Study Finds Novel Antibody Shows Promise in Children With Advanced Neuroblastoma
Researchers from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital conducted a phase I study of hu14.18K322A, an experimental monoclonal antibody genetically engineered at the hospital, in 38 children with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma. The patients received escalating doses of hu14.18K322A...
No Difference in Postsurgery Fatigue With Laparoscopic vs Open Surgery for Colorectal Cancer With Enhanced Recovery Program
In a UK trial (EnROL) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kennedy et al compared outcomes with open vs laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer within a multimodality enhanced recovery program. Such programs are intended to improve all aspects of perioperative care and have been shown...
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound Reduces Pain From Bone Metastases
Few options are available to treat pain from bone metastases in patients refractory to drug and radiation therapy. In a phase III study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Hurwitz et al found significant pain relief using magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound...
Researchers Identify Enzymes Associated With Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer
Inhibiting enzymes that cause changes in gene expression could decrease chemotherapy resistance in patients with ovarian cancer, according to research by Cacan et al. The study investigated the silencing of RGS10 expression in ovarian cells by epigenetics and identified two epigenetic regulators,...
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Physician’s Choice in Previously Treated Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
There are few treatment options for breast cancer patients with progressive disease after two or more HER2-directed regimens for recurrent or metastatic disease. In the open-label phase III TH3RESA trial reported in The Lancet Oncology by Krop and et al, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla)...
Dual Method to Remove Precancerous Colon Polyps May Substantially Reduce Health-Care Costs
A surgical method combining two techniques for removing precancerous polyps during colonoscopies can substantially reduce the recovery time and the length of hospital stays, which may translate into significant cost savings, according to research presented this week at Digestive Disease Week in...
ASCO Releases Companion Guideline on Disease Management for Patients With Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer and Brain Metastases
As many as half of patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer develop brain metastases over time. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recently released a clinical practice guideline on disease management for patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases. A...
ASCO Releases Clinical Practice Guideline on Systemic Therapy for Patients With Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Approximately 15% of patients with breast cancer have tumors that overexpress the HER2 protein, and these patients can benefit from HER2-targeted therapies. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recently released a clinical practice guideline on systemic therapy for patients with advanced...
FDA Approves Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate for Injection for Home Administration
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved omacetaxine mepesuccinate (Synribo) for injection, for subcutaneous use, to include home administration, and also approved a related Medication Guide and Instructions for Use. With this approval, physicians who treat adults with chronic- or...
Final Overall Survival Results Show No Difference for Pazopanib vs Sunitinib in First-Line Treatment of Clear Cell Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
A phase III trial reported in 2013 showed noninferiority of pazopanib (Votrient) vs sunitinib (Sutent) for progression-free survival in first-line treatment of clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In a letter to the editor in The New England Journal of Medicine, Motzer et al provided the...
Hyperfractionated Radiation Therapy Improves Local-Regional Control Without Increasing Late Toxicity in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy experienced improved local-regional control and, with patients censored at 5 years, improved overall survival with no increase in late toxicity, according to a study...
Cryoablation of Breast Tumors Successful in 69% of Patients With Early-Stage Disease in Phase II Trial
Cryoablation of breast tumors, which destroys lesions by exposing them to extremely low temperatures, may be a promising alternative to surgery in carefully selected women with early-stage disease, according to a study presented at the American Society of Breast Surgeons Annual Meeting in Las...
Anti–Interleukin-1 Alpha Antibody MABp1 Is Well Tolerated, Safe, and Active in Phase I Trial in Refractory Cancers
Expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 alpha is a very early step in the inflammatory response that characterizes the malignant phenotype and that is associated with angiogenesis, tumor invasiveness, metastasis, and cachexia. In a phase I dose-escalation study reported in The...
Irradiated Stents Prolong Survival and Reduce Dysphagia Compared With Conventional Stents as Palliative Treatment in Unresectable Esophageal Cancer
In a single-blind phase III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Zhu et al compared the use of 125iodine seed–loaded vs conventional covered stents along with single high-dose brachytherapy as palliative treatment in patients with unresectable esophageal cancer. Use of the irradiated stents ...
Poor Quality of Life Does Not Predict Low Survival Rates in High-Risk Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery
Quality of life is rarely reported in surgical publications, yet it can be an important metric that can be of use to physicians and patients when making treatment decisions. Prior studies of average-risk patients undergoing lobectomy suggested that low baseline quality-of-life scores predict worse...
Differences in Lifestyle Habits and Poorer Adherence to Radiation Therapy in Patients With HPV-Negative vs HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Different mechanisms of carcinogenesis and molecular characteristics have been proposed for human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinomas, and better outcomes have been observed in patients with HPV-positive tumors. Some experts advocate classification of the two as...
Computational Model Can Predict Therapy Outcomes in Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastasis
Active prostate cancer cells in the bone environment can disrupt the bone remodeling process, promoting a “vicious cycle” of extensive bone destruction and formation that yields nutrients allowing prostate cancer cells to grow. To simulate this complex biologic process, researchers have ...
No Difference in Disease-Free Survival but Less Steroid Dependence With Adrenal-Sparing Surgery vs Adrenalectomy in Pheochromocytoma
Molecular diagnosis and preventive surgery have been successful in preventing medullary thyroid cancer in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome. In a retrospective population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Castinetti et al found no difference in disease-free...
FDA Proposes to Extend Its Tobacco Authority to Additional Tobacco Products, Including E-Cigarettes
As part of its implementation of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act signed by the President in 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today proposed a new rule that would extend the agency’s tobacco authority to cover additional tobacco products. ...
Adding Everolimus to Trastuzumab/Vinorelbine Prolongs Progression-Free Survival but Increases Toxicity in Trastuzumab-Resistant Advanced Breast Cancer
Disease progression in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin) may be associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation, and use of an mTOR inhibitor might restore trastuzumab sensitivity. In the double-blind phase III BOLERO-3 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology,...
Use of Intraoperative Frozen Section Margin Assessment May Decrease Reoperations in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Lumpectomy
In female patients undergoing breast cancer lumpectomies, intraoperative frozen section margin assessment has been shown to decrease overall reoperation rates, according to the results of a study reported by Boughey et al in the journal Surgery. This finding may lead to lower health-care costs, a...
FDA Approves Ramucirumab for Stomach Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved ramucirumab (Cyramza) to treat patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with disease progression on or after prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine- or platinum-containing chemotherapy....
Researchers Uncover Link Between Down Syndrome and Leukemia
Although doctors have long known that people with Down syndrome have a heightened risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during childhood, they haven’t been able to explain why. In a new study published online in Nature Genetics, Lane et al tracked the genetic chain of events...
Interim Analysis of Phase III AVAST-M Trial Shows No Overall Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Bevacizumab vs Observation in High-Risk Melanoma
Bevacizumab has exhibited limited activity in advanced melanoma. In an interim analysis of the open-label phase III AVAST-M trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Corrie et al found that adjuvant bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence has thus far...
Gene Signatures Identified by Meta-Analysis Predict Survival and Suboptimal Debulking in Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer
As reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Riester et al have identified gene-expression signatures predictive of survival and debulking status in late-stage ovarian cancer. Study Details The study involved meta-analytic techniques using integrated data from 13 publicly...
FDA Approves Ofatumumab for Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved ofatumumab (Arzerra) injection in combination with chlorambucil (Leukeran) for the treatment of previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), for whom fludarabine-based therapy is considered inappropriate. Trial...
Unexpected Protein Partnership Has Implications for Cancer Treatment
Scientists have identified two unlikely partners found in macrophages that work together in response to cancer drugs to increase inflammation in a way that may alter tumor growth. The study by Lowe et al was published in Cancer Research. These partners are the p53 protein that suppresses tumors...
Breast Cancer Risk Variant Associated With Increased Lung Cancer Risk in Women
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Park et al examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with other cancers for potential associations with lung cancer. They found that the breast cancer SNP LSP1 rs3817198 was associated with significant risk of...
Quality-of-Life Study in NCIC MAP.3 Trial Shows Limited Negative Impact of Daily Exemestane in Breast Cancer Prevention
The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 (Mammary Prevention 3) trial showed that daily exemestane treatment reduced invasive breast cancer risk by 65% among postmenopausal women. In a quality-of-life study in the MAP.3 population reported in the Journal of...
Study Finds a Quarter of Men Drop Out of Prostate Cancer Monitoring, Casting Doubt on Safety of Active Surveillance
Noncompliance appears to be a major challenge for active surveillance, according to the results of long-term follow-up of patients with prostate cancer presented at the European Association of Urology 29th Annual Congress in Stockholm. Over a quarter of men dropped out of the active surveillance...
Novel Blood-Based Biomarkers May Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence and Treatment Response
Researchers have developed a quantitative multiplexed methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay called cMethDNA for a panel of 10 breast cancer–specific genes. The blood-based assay was found to be highly sensitive in detecting advanced breast cancer and monitoring tumor burden and ...
