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Showing 11801 - 11850Higher Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Level Associated With Improved Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
In an analysis of patients with operable triple-negative breast cancer in two Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) adjuvant trials, Adams and colleagues found that higher stromal compartment tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels were associated with significantly improved disease-free survival, ...
Tumor Downstaging After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Strongly Predicts Improved Outcome After Surgery in Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancer
In a European analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Davies et al found that pathologic tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was the strongest independent predictor of overall survival in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal and esophagogastric junction...
HLA Matching Finds Suitable Donors for Majority of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Candidates
A study reported by Gragert et al in The New England Journal of Medicine indicates that most candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the United States will have a suitable adult donor on the basis of HLA matching, although many will not have optimal donors. Few will have optimal...
Musculoskeletal Pain May Be Sign of Potential Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Withdrawal Syndrome in CML
In a letter to the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Richter et al describe a potential tyrosine kinase inhibitor withdrawal syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal pain after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Onset After Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor...
Growth-Driving Cancer Cells May Be Better Targets for Therapy Than Cells That Proliferate the Fastest, Study Suggests
Of the many subgroups of cells vying for control within a cancerous tumor, the most dangerous may not be those that can proliferate the fastest, researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute reported in a study published in Nature. The findings have important implications for the treatment of cancer...
Results of Genomic Analysis Suggest Strategy for Overcoming Ibrutinib Resistance in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Although the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) has shown unprecedented clinical activity in mantle cell lymphoma, about 32% of patients do not respond to the drug and majority of responders eventually relapse. Genomic sequencing of tumor and healthy tissue from patients...
Anti–IL-6 Antibody Siltuximab Produces Durable Responses in Multicentric Castleman's Disease
Multicentric Castleman’s disease is characterized by overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6). In a trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, van Rhee et al found that the anti–IL-6 antibody siltuximab (Sylvant) produced a significantly better response rate vs placebo in patients with the...
Improved Overall Survival With Primary Over Consolidation Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy After Optimal Cytoreduction for Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Compared with intravenous (IV) followed by consolidation intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy, primary IV/IP chemotherapy was associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall survival—but not progression-free survival—in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer...
Phase Ib Study Shows Activity of Ibrutinib Plus R-CHOP in First-Line Treatment of CD20-Positive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
The oral Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) has shown activity in relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies. In a phase Ib trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Younes et al identified no maximum tolerated dose of ibrutinib when combined with R-CHOP (rituximab [Rituxan],...
Study Helps Compare Risks of Endoscopic vs Surgical Resection for Early Esophageal Cancer
A new study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute by researchers at Northwestern Medicine shed new light on the risks associated with the growing popularity of endoscopic resection in the treatment of localized, early-stage esophageal cancer. Merkow et al found that the...
Promising Phase Ib Findings With Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition With Vemurafenib and Cobimetinib in Advanced BRAF V600–Mutant Melanoma
In a phase Ib study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Ribas et al found that the combination of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) and the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib was safe and active in the treatment of advanced BRAF V600–mutant melanoma. Preclinical studies have shown that the...
Failure to Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle More Than Doubles Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Cancer Survivors
A St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital study found that 73% of adult survivors of childhood cancer more than doubled their risk of developing metabolic syndrome and related health problems by failing to follow a heart-healthy lifestyle. The results were published online in the journal...
First Surveillance Imaging at 6 Months May Be Adequate for Most Patients After Treatment for Early-Stage Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer
Early surveillance imaging (< 6 months) after stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seems to be of limited benefit, resulting in definitive intervention in only 3% of patients, according to the findings of a study in Practical Radiation...
Adding Induction Chemotherapy to Chemoradiotherapy Does Not Improve Survival in Patients With N2 or N3 Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cohen et al found that induction chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival vs chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The study...
Adaptive Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Strategy May Ensure Adequate Target Coverage in Patients With Cervical Cancer
A novel, dosimetry-triggered, adaptive intensity-modulated radiation therapy strategy for patients with cervical cancer may minimize the risk of target underdosing in the setting of very small margins and substantial interfractional motion, according to a study by Lim et al in the International...
Dutch Phase II Study Supports Phase III Evaluation of Bevacizumab Plus Lomustine, but Not Bevacizumab Alone, in Recurrent Glioblastoma
Bevacizumab (Avastin) is frequently used in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, although it is unclear whether responses observed with such treatment result in improved overall survival. In the phase II Dutch BELOB study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Taal et al found that overall survival...
FDA Approves Idelalisib for Three Types of Blood Cancers
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved idelalisib (Zydelig) for the treatment of patients with three types of blood cancers. Idelalisib is being granted traditional approval to treat patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Used in combination with rituximab...
Metabolic Enzyme Stops Growth of Most Common Type of Kidney Cancer
In an analysis of metabolites in human kidney tissue, a research team from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania identified an enzyme key to applying the brakes on tumor growth. The new study, published in Nature by Simon et al, demonstrated that an enzyme called FBP1,...
Anti–PD-1 Antibody Pembrolizumab Shows Activity and Good Tolerability in Ipilimumab-Refractory Advanced Melanoma
As reported in The Lancet by Robert et al, the anti–programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab produced responses and was well tolerated at two dose levels in an expansion cohort of a phase I trial in patients with ipilimumab (Yervoy)-refractory advanced melanoma. In this...
FDA Grants Bevacizumab Priority Review for Recurrent Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted Genentech’s supplemental Biologics License Application and granted Priority Review for bevacizumab (Avastin) plus chemotherapy for the treatment of women with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. “The majority of women...
Integrated Safety Analysis Shows Favorable Safety Profile of Single-Agent Trastuzumab Emtansine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
The antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) is currently indicated in the United States for treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who previously received trastuzumab (Herceptin) and a taxane and who have either received prior therapy for metastatic...
Two Common Gene Variants Associated With Longer Telomere Length May Increase the Risk of Glioma
Two common gene variants that lead to longer telomere length may increase the risk of glioma, according to the results of a study presented by Walsh et al in Nature Genetics. This finding suggests that telomere length may prove to be a promising epidemiologic risk factor for cancer. It is well...
Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone Induction and Consolidation Effective in Multiple Myeloma in French Phase II Trial
In a phase II Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM) trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Roussel et al, induction and consolidation treatment with RVD (lenalidomide [Revlimid], bortezomib [Velcade], and dexamethasone) followed by lenalidomide maintenance was associated...
New Combination Drug Controls Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Mice
Researchers at UC Davis, University of Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School have developed a combination drug that controls both tumor growth and metastasis. By combining a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, similar to celecoxib, and a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, the drug...
Adjuvant Chemoradiation With Docetaxel Plus Cetuximab Shows Promise in High-Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
In the phase II Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)-0234 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Harari et al found that adjuvant chemoradiation with docetaxel or cisplatin plus cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and high-risk...
Gene Signature May Predict Which Breast Cancer Patients Will Benefit From Tamoxifen
A novel approach using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis in combination with RNA expression data has identified a gene called USP9X that may predict which patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer will benefit from tamoxifen therapy after surgery. The gene signature the researchers...
Blocking Tumor-Derived Protein Halts Cachexia in Preclinical Study
New research raises the prospect of more effective treatments for cachexia, a profound wasting of fat and muscle occurring in about half of all cancer patients, raising their risk of death, according to scientists from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. In a study reported in Nature, Spiegelman et al...
Testicular Cancer Rates Are on the Rise in Young Hispanic Americans
A new analysis has found that rates of testicular cancer have been rising dramatically in recent years among young Hispanic American men, but not among their non-Hispanic counterparts. Published early online in Cancer, the findings indicate that greater awareness is needed concerning the increasing ...
Adding Ziv-Aflibercept to Topotecan Improves Progression-Free Survival but Increases Toxicity in Platinum-Treated Small Cell Lung Cancer
The phase II Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S0802 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Allen et al showed that adding ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap) to topotecan improved 3-month progression-free survival, but increased toxicity and had no effect on overall survival, in patients...
Total-Body Photography and Sequential Digital Dermoscopy Assist in Early Diagnosis of Primary Melanoma in High-Risk Individuals
In a study intended to help define optimal screening in individuals at high risk of melanoma, Moloney et al evaluated use of full-body examinations every 6 months along with dermoscopy and total-body photography for all patients and sequential digital dermoscopy imaging as indicated. The study,...
Variations in Key Gene Predict Prostate Cancer Patients’ Risk for Radiation-Induced Toxicity
Key genetic variants may affect how cancer patients respond to radiation treatments, according to a study recently published in Nature Genetics. The research team, which included researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, found that variations in the TANC1 gene are associated with...
Study Identifies Novel Genomic Changes in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Researchers from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and other centers have identified novel mutations in a well-known cancer-causing pathway in lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of lung cancer. Knowledge of these mutations could potentially identify a...
Study Identifies Irinotecan Dosing Levels Based on UGT1A1 Genotype
Risk of severe irinotecan-associated neutropenia is related in part to presence of the UGT1A1*28 variant, which is linked to reduced elimination of the irinotecan active metabolite SN-38. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Innocenti et al identified appropriate irinotecan...
Fox Chase Cancer Center Researchers Recommend Updating the Staging Criteria for Breast Cancers With Skin Involvement
Invasive breast cancers with skin involvement, regardless of size or lymph node involvement, are automatically classified as stage III locally advanced tumors, which suggests that they are a relatively serious form of cancer with poor survival. In a study published in the Journal of the American...
French Phase III Trial Shows No Benefit of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Stage I and II Esophageal Cancer
The effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in early-stage esophageal cancer is not clear. In the phase III FFCD 9901 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mariette et al found that neoadjuvant chemoradiation including fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin did not improve R0...
Preclinical Study Reveals Heparan Sulfate Suppresses Growth of Neuroblastoma
A heparin derivative differentiated cancer cells and caused neuroblastomas to regress without causing severe bleeding, according to the findings of a preclinical study presented in The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Knelson et al identified novel roles for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in...
Adding Oxaliplatin to Leucovorin/Fluorouracil Increases Survival in Second-Line Treatment of Gemcitabine-Refractory Pancreatic Cancer
In the German phase III CONKO-003 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Oettle et al found that second-line oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly increased overall survival and time to progression vs leucovorin/5-FU in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer...
FDA Approves Belinostat for Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted accelerated approval to belinostat (Beleodaq), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, a rare and fast-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). “This is...
HIV-Infected People With Early-Stage Cancers Are Up to Four Times More Likely to Go Untreated for Cancer
HIV-infected people diagnosed with cancer are two to four times more likely to go untreated for their cancer compared to uninfected cancer patients, according to a large retrospective study from researchers in Penn Medicine’s Abramson Cancer Center and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The ...
FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Blinatumomab for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to blinatumomab for adults with Philadelphia chromosome–negative relapsed/refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow....
New Screening Approach Identifies Cancer Mutations in Melanoma That May Lead to More Effective Immunotherapies
Although cancer immunotherapy with adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes represents an effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma, the antigen targets recognized by these effective tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes remain unclear. According to a new study, a novel...
No Benefit of Adding Telomerase Peptide Vaccine to Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
In a UK phase III TeloVac trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Middleton et al found that the sequential or concurrent addition of the telomerase peptide vaccine GV1001 to gemcitabine/capecitabine did not improve survival in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. GV1001...
HPV-Positive Disease Predicts Longer Overall Survival After Progression of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer have reduced risk of progression compared with those with HPV-negative disease, but the effect of HPV status on overall survival after progression has not been clear. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology,...
FDA Advisory Committee Votes Against Accelerated Approval for Olaparib in Ovarian Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) voted 11 to 2 that current evidence from clinical studies does not support an accelerated approval for use of olaparib as a maintenance treatment for women with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer who have...
No Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Cetuximab to FOLFOX4 in KRAS Exon 2 Wild-Type Resected Stage III Colon Cancer
In an interim analysis of the European phase III PETACC-8 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Taieb et al found no disease-free survival or overall survival benefit with the addition of cetuximab (Erbitux) to standard adjuvant FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, leucovorin) therapy in patients...
Synthetic Triterpenoids Show Promise in Preventing Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer in Preclinical Study
Researchers from Case Western Reserve and Dartmouth have shown that a class of small antioxidant molecules carries promise for suppressing colon cancer associated with colitis. These preclinical findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, offer hope that physicians ultimately will ...
No Overall Survival Improvement but Some Palliative Benefit With Gefitinib vs Placebo in Esophageal Cancer Progressing After Chemotherapy
In what may be the first randomized trial of systemic therapy in this setting, Dutton and colleagues evaluated gefitinib (Iressa) vs placebo in patients with esophageal cancer progressing after chemotherapy. As reported in The Lancet Oncology, the COG trial showed no survival benefit with gefitinib ...
Adding Antiangiopoietin Agent Trebananib to Paclitaxel Improves Progression-Free Survival in Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Trebananib inhibits angiogenesis by blocking the binding of angiopoietins 1 and 2 to the Tie2 receptor expressed on endothelial cells, a mechanism that differs from VEGF inhibitors and that involves a different signaling pathway. In the phase III TRINOVA-1 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology,...
Combining Multiple Imaging Approaches Can Better Distinguish Malignant and Benign Breast Tumors and Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies
A new study found that an imaging technique called multiparametric 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (18FDG PET-MRI), which combines four imaging approaches, can better distinguish malignant breast tumors from those that are benign, compared with imaging...
No Improvement in Long-Term Outcomes With Extended Colectomy for Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in Patients Younger Than Age 50
Extended colectomy in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer who were younger than age 50, in comparison with segmental resection, did not improve the risk of tumor recurrence or disease-free survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Klos et al in the Journal of...
