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Showing 451 - 500No Survival Difference for Adjuvant Capecitabine vs 5-FU With or Without Oxaliplatin in Stage III Colon Cancer
In an analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Schmoll et al found no difference in survival outcomes with adjuvant capecitabine vs fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage III colon cancer and no adverse impact of adjuvant oxaliplatin on post-relapse...
Colon Cancer Gene-Expression Risk Scores Contribute Little to Prognostic Ability of Established Risk Factors
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Di Narzo et al found that individual colon cancer gene-expression risk scores contributed little to the prognostic ability of traditional risk factors. Study Details The study involved evaluation of four gene-expression risk...
Adjuvant Chemotherapy May Provide Survival Advantage in Patients With T1 Node-Positive Colon Cancer
In an analysis of patients with T1 node-positive colon cancer who had previous surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy provided a significant survival advantage, according to a study by Ganapathi et al in Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. However, the investigators noted that a significant minority of this...
Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival Linked to Advanced Disease and Comorbidities at Diagnosis
Racial disparities in colon cancer survival rates may be explained by differences in the health of the patients at diagnosis—both in the stage of the cancer and comorbid conditions—rather than by differences in subsequent treatment, a new study has found. Focusing efforts on prevention...
Modest Correlation of Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Modern First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Trials
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shi et al found a modest correlation of progression-free survival with overall survival as first-line treatment endpoints in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The study involved individual patient- and trial-level data from 16,762...
Small Variation in Risk-Adjusted Hospital Readmission After Colorectal Cancer Surgery
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Lucas et al found wide variation in raw hospital readmission rates after colorectal cancer surgery but little variation in readmission in risk-adjusted analysis. Thirty-day readmission rates have been reported at 10% to 14% in this setting. Study Details The...
Number of Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Colorectal Cancer Anticipated to Double
In the next 15 years, more than 1 in 10 colon cancers and nearly 1 in 4 rectal cancers will be diagnosed in patients younger than the traditional screening age, according to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. This growing public health problem is underscored by data...
FOLFOXIRI/Bevacizumab Bests FOLFIRI/Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer who received FOLFOXIRI (fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, oxaliplatin, irinotecan) plus bevacizumab (Avastin) had improved survival compared to patients who received FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan) plus bevacizumab in a phase III...
Wide Geographic Variation in Use of Laparoscopic Colectomy for Colon Cancer
There has been a dramatic increase in the use of laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer. In a Medicare data study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Reames and colleagues found that use of laparoscopic colectomy varied from 0% to 66.8% across hospital referral regions in the United...
Rewiring Cell Metabolism Slows Colorectal Cancer Growth
Cancer is an unwanted experiment in progress. As the disease advances, tumor cells accumulate mutations, eventually arriving at ones that give them the insidious power to grow uncontrollably and spread. Distinguishing drivers of cancer from benign mutations open opportunities for developing...
Higher Levels of Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase Hypermethylation May Correlate With Earlier Stage of Colorectal Cancer
Compared with normal colorectal mucosae, nearly half of colorectal tumors showed medium-to-high levels of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) hypermethylation, according to the results of a study reported by Cheng et al in Medical Oncology. This finding was noted more frequent in earlier tumor...
Increased Prediagnosis BMI Associated With Increased Risk of Second Obesity-Associated Cancers in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of primary colorectal cancer, as well as increased risk of breast, endometrial, esophageal, pancreatic, and kidney cancers. In a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gibson et al found...
TAS-102 Receives FDA Fast Track Designation for Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track designation for Taiho Oncology’s TAS-102, a novel agent currently under investigation for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. TAS-102 is an oral combination investigational anticancer drug consisting of...
Personalized Genetic Risk Assessment Does Not Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Average-Risk Population
A large prospective, randomized, controlled trial investigating whether individualized genetic and environmental risk assessment of colorectal cancer susceptibility improves adherence to screening in average-risk persons, has found that the information was not enough to persuade nonadherent...
14 Million Major Medical Conditions Attributable to Cigarette Smoking
At least 14 million major medical conditions among U.S. adults aged 35 years and older were attributed to cigarette smoking by a study estimating the disease burden of cigarette smoking, which, according to the study’s authors, “remains immense.” Among current and former smokers,...
LINE-1 Hypomethylation Associated With Poorer Survival in Microsatellite Instability–High vs Microsatellite-Stable Tumors in Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Inamura et al found that hypomethylation in long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) is associated with greater colorectal cancer–specific and overall mortality in high-degree microsatellite instability vs...
Hormone Loss Could Be Involved in Colon Cancer
Some cancers, like breast and prostate cancer, are driven by hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, but to date, there are none that are understood to be driven by the lack of a hormone. New evidence reported by researchers at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, suggests that human...
Fiber-Based Laxatives Linked to Decreased Risk of Colorectal Cancer
A large, prospective study involving more than 75,000 adults in western Washington has found that frequent use of fiber-based laxatives is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. The study also found that use of nonfiber laxatives is linked to significantly increased risk of...
Study Finds Increase in Colonoscopy Rates Has Lead to Overuse
A retrospective study led by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital has found an overuse of colonoscopies for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance. The study demonstrated that endoscopists commonly recommended shorter follow-up intervals than established guidelines support, and these...
Enhanced Benefit Shown With FOLFIRI/Ziv-Aflibercept in Subset of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The survival benefit demonstrated in the VELOUR study for FOLFIRI (irinotecan, fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin) plus ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap) vs FOLFIRI plus placebo in metastatic colorectal cancer patients who had disease progression on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy persisted beyond median...
ESMO 2014: Phase III Study Confirms Regorafenib’s Survival Benefit in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The phase III CONCUR trial of regorafenib (Stivarga) monotherapy in Asian patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer confirmed the overall survival benefit seen in the previous CORRECT trial and in an exploratory analysis suggested the benefit is substantial in patients not...
Improved Survival with Adjuvant FOLFOX vs Fluorouracil/Leucovorin After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
In a Korean phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hong et al found that adjuvant FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin) prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival vs 5-FU/leucovorin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had received neoadjuvant...
Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Mortality After Removal of Adenomas
There are few data available on long-term risk of colorectal cancer mortality after adenoma removal. In a Norwegian study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Løberg et al found that patients who had low-risk adenomas removed had lower colorectal cancer mortality risk and those...
Modeling Study Critical of Intensive Colonoscopy Screening in Medicare Population
A modeling study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine by van Hees and colleagues showed that colonoscopy screening at intervals shorter than 10 years or continuing past 75 years of age in the Medicare population is associated with a reduced net health benefit from a societal perspective. Study ...
Addition of Irinotecan to Standard Chemotherapy Improves Survival in a Subset of Stage III Colon Cancer Patients
A subset of patients with stage III colon cancer had improved survival rates when treated with irinotecan-based therapy, according to a new study in Gastroenterology. When added to the standard chemotherapy treatment—fluorouracil [5-FU] and leucovorin—adjuvant irinotecan therapy...
Study Shows Curcumin Blocks the Metastasis of Colon Cancer by a Novel Mechanism
A team of researchers led by the University of Arizona Steele Children’s Research Center discovered that curcumin—the bioactive molecule derived from the spice turmeric—blocks the protein cortactin in colon cancer. Cortactin, a protein essential for cell movement, is frequently...
Low Incidence of Colorectal Cancer, Elevated Rate of Postprocedure Hospitalization in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surveillance Colonoscopy
In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Tran et al found a low rate of colorectal cancer and a relatively high rate of postprocedure hospitalization in elderly patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. Study Details The study involved patients aged ≥ 50 years...
Oncologists Respond Rapidly to Clinical Trial Evidence on Use of EGFR Inhibitors
Use of panitumumab (Vectibix) and cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer decreased significantly after the publication of clinical trial evidence that anti-EGFR antibodies should be restricted to wild-type KRAS tumors, subsequent ASCO guidelines recommending testing for...
NORCCAP Trial Shows Reduced Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality With Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening at 11-Year Follow-up
The Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention Trial comparing colorectal cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy vs no screening showed no reduction in colorectal cancer incidence or mortality after 7 years of follow-up. As reported by Holme et al in JAMA, the 11-year follow-up shows significant...
No Difference in Response Rate but Overall Survival Benefit With First-Line FOLFIRI/Cetuximab vs FOLFIRI/Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a European phase III FIRE-3 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Heinemann et al found no difference in response rate, the primary endpoint, between FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (Erbitux) vs FOLFIRI plus the anti-VEGF-A antibody...
FDA Approves First Noninvasive DNA Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved Cologuard, the first stool-based colorectal screening test that detects the presence of red blood cells and DNA mutations that may indicate the presence of certain kinds of abnormal growths that may be cancers such as colon cancer or...
Large Differences in Survival According to Hospital Risk-Adjusted Margin Positivity Rate Status in Rectal Cancer Surgery
Risk-adjusted margin positivity rate has been suggested for use as a rectal cancer surgery quality metric. In an observational cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Massarweh et al from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center identified risk-adjusted margin positivity ...
Statin Use After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Reduces Colorectal Cancer–Specific and All-Cause Mortality
In a UK population-based cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cardwell et al found that statin use after diagnosis of colorectal cancer was associated with a 29% reduction in colorectal cancer–specific mortality and a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality. Improvements...
Gut Microbiome Analysis May Provide an Effective Screening Tool for Colorectal Cancer
An analysis of the gut microbiome in patients from three clinical groups representing the multistage progression in colorectal cancer has found that the composition of the gut microbiome differentiates individuals with healthy colons from those with adenomas and carcinomas. Adding gut microbiome...
Higher Plasma Vitamin D Concentration Associated With Reduced Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
In a Scottish study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zgaga et al found strong associations between plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer–specific and all-cause mortality. Significant interactions of vitamin D...
Poorer Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival Seen in Youngest and Oldest Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Lieu et al recently analyzed the effect of age on outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using the ARCAD (Aide et Recherche en Cancérologie Digestive) database. The findings, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, indicate a U-shaped risk of death and death or...
Effects of Aspirin, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Smoking, and BMI on Age- and Cancer-Associated DNA Methylation in the Colon in Women
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Noreen et al found that aspirin and hormone-replacement therapy reduced age-related gene promoter DNA methylation, and smoking and high body mass index (BMI) increased methylation in the colonic mucosa in women. Similar...
Multidimensional Analysis Provides More Accurate Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Using a multidimensional platform that combined nanofluidic technology for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and quantitative fluorescent immunohistochemistry for protein analysis, researchers at the Danbury Hospital Biomedical Research Institute were able to accurately predict...
Study Identifies Patient and Tumor Characteristics Associated With BRAF and KRAS Mutations in Colon Cancer
In a study in the population of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG)/Alliance N0147 adjuvant trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Gonsalves et al identified patient and tumor characteristics that are associated with KRAS and BRAF V600E mutations in colon...
Multifaceted Intervention Improves Adherence to Annual Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primarily Latino Community Health Centers
Colorectal cancer screening rates are low among Latinos and people living in poverty. In a study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Baker et al found that a multifaceted intervention more than doubled adherence to screening with fecal occult blood testing in a largely Latino and uninsured...
5-Year Results of the European EXPERT-C Trial Show Benefit of Cetuximab in TP53 Wild-Type Rectal Cancer Subgroup
In an updated analysis of the European phase II EXPERT-C trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Sclafani et al found that adding cetuximab (Erbitux) to neoadjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) followed by chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant CAPOX produced no...
Postdiagnosis Calcium and Milk Intake May Be Associated With Improved Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Higher intakes of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product are associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer, but the effect of such intake on survival in colorectal cancer is unclear. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yang et al found that higher postdiagnosis intake of...
Phase III Trial Shows Improved Survival With TAS-102 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Standard Therapies
The new combination agent TAS-102 can improve overall survival compared to placebo in patients whose metastatic colorectal cancer is refractory to standard therapies, researchers reported at the ESMO 16th World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer in Barcelona (Abstract O-0022). “Around 50%...
No Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Cetuximab to FOLFOX4 in KRAS Exon 2 Wild-Type Resected Stage III Colon Cancer
In an interim analysis of the European phase III PETACC-8 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Taieb et al found no disease-free survival or overall survival benefit with the addition of cetuximab (Erbitux) to standard adjuvant FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, leucovorin) therapy in patients...
Synthetic Triterpenoids Show Promise in Preventing Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer in Preclinical Study
Researchers from Case Western Reserve and Dartmouth have shown that a class of small antioxidant molecules carries promise for suppressing colon cancer associated with colitis. These preclinical findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, offer hope that physicians ultimately will ...
No Improvement in Long-Term Outcomes With Extended Colectomy for Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in Patients Younger Than Age 50
Extended colectomy in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer who were younger than age 50, in comparison with segmental resection, did not improve the risk of tumor recurrence or disease-free survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Klos et al in the Journal of...
Surgical Treatment Delay May Not Result in Worse Outcomes in Patients With Colon Cancer
A “reasonable” delay prior to surgery for colon cancer may not result in worse outcomes, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Amri et al in the Annals of Surgical Oncology. Flexibility in scheduling surgery may lead to an improvement in the quality and safety...
Study Finds Anorectal Melanoma Is Diagnosed at Later Stages and Is Often Misdiagnosed
Anorectal melanoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that has a variable natural history and nonspecific presentation. A review by Hicks et al of 18 patients treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital between October 1991 and August 2012, finds that the cancer tends to be diagnosed at stage II or later and is...
Palliative Resection of Primary Tumor May Improve Survival in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Palliative resection of the primary tumor was associated with a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, according to the results of a study reported in the Annals of Surgical Oncology. Gresham et al noted...
ASCO 2014: Chemotherapy Plus Either Bevacizumab or Cetuximab Results in Similar Survival Benefits in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Bevacizumab (Avastin) plus chemotherapy and cetuximab (Erbitux) plus chemotherapy produced equal survival benefits for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and no KRAS mutations, according to results from a large federally funded phase III study presented at the 2014 ASCO Annual Meeting...
