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Showing 501 - 550ASCO 2014: Patients With Metastatic Colon Cancer Respond to New Combination Therapy, Phase IB Study Shows
In a new study presented at the 2014 ASCO Annual Meeting in Chicago (Abstract 3516), researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found patients with advanced colorectal cancer responded well to a combination therapy of the drugs vemurafenib (Zelboraf), cetuximab (Erbitux),...
No Differences in Surgical Outcomes With Four Different Chemotherapy Regimens Plus Preoperative Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by O’Connell et al, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Trial R-04 is assessing four chemotherapy regimens given concurrently with preoperative radiotherapy in order to help identify optimal treatment in patients with ...
Korean Trial Shows Similar Disease-Free Survival With Laparoscopic vs Open Surgery in Mid- or Low-Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
In the noninferiority COREAN trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Jeong et al found that laparoscopic surgery was associated with disease-free survival similar to that with open surgery for mid- or low-rectal cancer. Study Details In this open-label trial, 340 patients with cT3N0–2M0...
FDA Approves Panitumumab Plus FOLFOX for Wild-Type KRAS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved panitumumab (Vectibix) for use in combination with FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) as first-line treatment in patients with wild-type KRAS (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer. This approval converts the accelerated...
Phase II Feasibility Study Tests Four Molecular-Based Hypotheses in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
In a phase II feasibility study (MRC FOCUS3) reported in British Journal of Cancer, Maughan et al used KRAS and BRAF mutation status and topoisomerase-1 expression status to randomly assign patients with advanced colorectal cancer to molecular hypothesis–driven treatment or control treatment. ...
No Difference in Postsurgery Fatigue With Laparoscopic vs Open Surgery for Colorectal Cancer With Enhanced Recovery Program
In a UK trial (EnROL) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kennedy et al compared outcomes with open vs laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer within a multimodality enhanced recovery program. Such programs are intended to improve all aspects of perioperative care and have been shown...
Lower Densities of Gastroenterologists, General Surgeons, and Radiation Oncologists in Rural vs Urban U.S. Counties
Geographic proximity to services has been identified as a potential barrier to cancer screening, and there is evidence of disparity in colorectal cancer outcomes between urban and rural U.S. residents. In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Aboagye et al identified a significantly greater density of...
Dual Method to Remove Precancerous Colon Polyps May Substantially Reduce Health-Care Costs
A surgical method combining two techniques for removing precancerous polyps during colonoscopies can substantially reduce the recovery time and the length of hospital stays, which may translate into significant cost savings, according to research presented this week at Digestive Disease Week in...
Tumor Regression Grading After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Carcinoma Predicts Distant Metastasis Risk and Disease-Free Survival
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fokas et al found that prospectively evaluated tumor regression grading was a significant prognostic factor for distant metastasis and disease-free survival after 132 months of follow-up in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma...
Study Shows Decreasing Numbers of Colorectal Cancer Resections and Improved In-Hospital Mortality in Older Patients
Nationwide data on mortality and morbidity from colorectal cancer resections in the aging population are lacking. In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Jafari et al found that there has been an overall decrease in numbers of resections and improved in-hospital mortality in older patients, although...
New Gene Variant Found That Increases the Risk of Colorectal Cancer From Eating Processed Meat
A common genetic variant that affects one in three people appears to significantly increase the risk of colorectal cancer from the consumption of processed meat, according to a study published today in PLOS Genetics by Figueiredo et al. The study of over 18,000 people from the United States,...
Colonoscopy Adenoma Detection Rate Is Inversely Proportional to Risk of Interval Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Cancer Mortality
In a study of health-care organization data reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Corley et al assessed the relationship between proportion of colonoscopies performed by a gastroenterologist that detect an adenoma and risk of subsequent interval colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer...
Panitumumab Not Inferior to Cetuximab in Overall Survival in Chemotherapy-Refractory Wild-Type KRAS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the open-label noninferiority phase III ASPECCT trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Price et al found that anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment with panitumumab (Vectibix) produced a noninferior overall survival outcome vs cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with chemotherapy-refractory...
Worse Progression-Free Survival With Addition of Cetuximab to Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Surgery for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer is associated with overall survival of approximately 40% at 5 years, and progression-free survival is increased with the addition of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU). The addition of cetuximab (Erbitux) to chemotherapy has produced a survival...
Phase II Study Suggests Promise of Intermittent Chemotherapy Plus Continuous Cetuximab in Advanced KRAS Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer
In a phase II study (COIN-B) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Wasan et al examined the addition of continuous or intermittent cetuximab (Erbitux) to intermittent chemotherapy in previously untreated advanced KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer. Continuous cetuximab appeared to be associated with...
High Prediagnosis BMI Is a Predictor for Poor Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Patients, Overriding Tumor Marker Linked to Better Prognosis
A large prospective study of patients with invasive colorectal cancer has found that higher body mass index 2 years before diagnosis increased risk of all-cause mortality after diagnosis, even in patients whose tumors harbored a marker that is usually associated with better prognosis. The...
Similar Progression-Free Survival With Panitumumab vs Bevacizumab Plus Modified FOLFOX6 in Wild-Type KRAS Exon 2 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a phase II trial (PEAK) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schwartzberg et al compared the EGFR inhibitor panitumumab (Vectibix) vs the VEGF-A inhibitor bevacizumab (Avastin) combined with modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX6) in patients with previously...
HLA Class I Antigen Expression Predicts Overall Survival Benefit With Aspirin Use in Colon Cancer
In a cohort study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Reimers et al found that aspirin use was associated with a significant 47% reduction in mortality risk after diagnosis of colon cancer expressing HLA class I antigen. There was no difference in aspirin benefit according to strong or weak...
Obesity Primes the Colon for Cancer, According to NIH Study
Obesity, rather than diet, causes changes in the colon that may lead to colorectal cancer, according to a study in mice by the National Institutes of Health. The finding bolsters the recommendation that calorie control and frequent exercise are not only key to a healthy lifestyle, but a strategy to ...
FDA Panel Endorses Stool-Based DNA Colon Cancer Test
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) committee of genetic experts has determined that Cologuard, a stool-based DNA, noninvasive screening test for colorectal cancer, has demonstrated safety, effectiveness, and a favorable risk-benefit profile. The FDA is now considering the...
Stool Multitarget DNA Test More Sensitive, But Less Specific Than Fecal Immunochemical Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Persons at Average Risk
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Imperiale et al found that a noninvasive, multitarget stool DNA test—including assays for KRAS mutations, aberrant NDRG4 and BMP3 methylation, β-actin, and hemoglobin—was significantly more sensitive but significantly less ...
Report Shows More Screening Has Led to a 30% Drop in Colon Cancer Rates
Findings from a report by Siegel et al of the American Cancer Society (ACS) show that the rate at which people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States has dropped by 30% in the last 10 years among people aged 50 years and older. The researchers say the decline in incidence is due...
NCCN Advocates for Universal Lynch Syndrome Screening in Newly Diagnosed Colorectal Cancer
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is recommending that newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients be screened for Lynch syndrome, previously called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. The NCCN’s proactive position should greatly help identify individuals and their...
Only Small Number of Genetic Markers Show Association With Capecitabine Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rosmarin et al assessed the association of reported fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity genetic markers with occurrence of capecitabine toxicity of grade ≥ 3 in the QUASAR2 trial in colorectal cancer and with occurrence of capecitabine and 5-FU...
Higher Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Levels Associated With Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer
It is known that chronic inflammation plays a role in the development of colorectal cancer. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Mehta et al evaluated the association of the novel plasma inflammatory biomarker macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1; growth...
Lower Adenoma Miss Rate With Full-Spectrum vs Standard Forward-Viewing Colonoscopy
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Gralnek et al found that full-spectrum endoscopic colonoscopy had a lower adenoma miss rate compared with standard forward-viewing colonoscopy. Study Details In the study, performed at three sites in Israel, one in the Netherlands, and two in the United ...
Blacks, Hispanics, Older Americans Not Benefiting Equally From Improvements in Colon Cancer Treatment
While new and better treatments have improved the odds of survival for patients diagnosed with late-stage colorectal cancer, that progress has been largely confined to non-Hispanic whites and Asians and those under age 65, according to a new study published in Cancer Causes and Control. Sineshaw et ...
Coordination of Care Improves Patient-Reported Quality of Supportive Care Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, van Ryn et al assessed patient-reported quality of care among patients with colorectal cancer in the Veterans Affairs health-care system. The investigators found significant gaps in patient-centered quality of supportive care, but also found...
Telephone-Based Intervention Improves Colorectal Cancer Screening in At-Risk Relatives of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Individuals at increased familial risk of colorectal cancer have poor adherence to colonoscopy screening recommendations, especially those in rural and other geographically underserved populations. In a study (Family CARE trial) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kinney et al found that...
Intensive Follow-up Increases Surgical Treatment of Recurrence With Curative Intent in Colorectal Cancer
In a study (FACS trial) reported in JAMA, Primrose et al compared outcomes with intensive follow-up with carcinoembryonic antigen measurement (CEA), computed tomography (CT), both, or minimum follow-up after curative surgery for primary colorectal cancer. Intensive strategies resulted in a...
No Survival Benefit of Adjuvant 5-FU–Based Chemotherapy After Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy or Chemoradiation for Resectable Rectal Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Bosset et al, long-term results of the European Organisaton for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 22921 indicate that adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy after preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy does not affect...
Pilot Study Shows Promise of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Without Routine Radiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy delays administration of optimal chemotherapy in stage II to III rectal cancer. In a pilot study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schrag et al assessed outcomes with neoadjuvant FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)/bevacizumab (Avastin) with...
Long-Term/High-Dose Use of ACE Inhibitors Associated With Reduced Colorectal Cancer Risk in Hypertensive Subjects
Preclinical data suggest a role of angiotensin II in colorectal cancer. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Makar et al assessed whether use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment for hypertension was...
Maintenance Capecitabine/Bevacizumab Delays Disease Progression in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Extends Survival in Subgroups
According to the final results of the phase III CAIRO3 trial by the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group, maintenance treatment with capecitabine plus bevacizumab (Avastin) significantly delayed progression compared to observation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and in a subset of patients, ...
Irinotecan Drug-Eluting Beads Improve Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Liver Metastases
Irinotecan drug-eluting beads given simultaneously with FOLFOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin) and bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with unresectable liver metastasis from colorectal cancer improved response rates, increased resectability and prolonged hepatic progression-free survival in...
RAS Status Predicts Response to Second-Line Treatment With Panitumumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
New data from a phase III clinical trial shows that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer tumors that contain RAS mutations beyond KRAS exon 2 are unlikely to benefit from the addition of panitumumab (Vectibix) to second-line FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan) chemotherapy....
Preoperative Oral Capecitabine Chemotherapy Is Equivalent to Infusional 5-FU for Rectal Cancer
New findings from a four-arm phase III clinical trial in patients with stage II or stage III rectal cancer indicate that combining preoperative radiation with either capecitabine or fluorouracil (5-FU) results in equivalent outcomes. This study provides strong clinical evidence that using either...
Known Lung Cancer Oncogenes ALK and ROS1 May Also Drive Certain Colorectal Tumors
ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangements, which are known to drive subsets of lung cancer, appear to be present in some colorectal cancers as well, according to the results of a study published in Molecular Cancer Research. The findings by Aisner et al suggest that therapies used to target these two...
Protective Effect of Aspirin for Colorectal Cancer Is Associated With rs6983267 T Allele
It has been posited that aspirin treatment may reduce risk for colorectal cancer through inhibition of WNT/cadherin-associated protein β1 (CTNNB1, or β-catenin) signaling. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Nan et al investigated the potential role of the ...
No Benefit of Calcium/Magnesium in Preventing Oxaliplatin-Induced Sensory Neurotoxicity in Patients With Colon Cancer
In a phase III N08CB/Alliance trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Loprinzi et al assessed whether calcium and magnesium treatment reduced oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity in patients with colon cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin). They found ...
Preoperative MRI Assessment of Circumferential Resection Margin Predicts Survival and Local Recurrence in Rectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Taylor et al evaluated the ability of preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of circumferential resection margin to predict outcome in patients with rectal cancer. They found that MRI assessment was...
Reduced Specialist Consultation and Multimodality Therapy May Account for Poorer Survival in Black Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Black patients with metastatic colorectal cancer have been found to have poorer survival than white patients. In a study reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Simpson et al found that black patients were less likely to have specialist consultations and to receive multimodality...
ASCO Endorses Cancer Care Ontario Guideline for Follow-up in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
ASCO has policy and procedures for endorsing clinical practice guidelines developed by other professional organizations. As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Meyerhardt et al of the ASCO Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee, ASCO has endorsed the Cancer Care Ontario (CCO)...
PIK3CA Mutation Fails to Predict Outcome of Irinotecan-Based Therapy in Stage III Colon Cancer
In a study reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Shuji Ogino, MD, PhD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, and colleagues from the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology evaluated the association of PIK3CA mutations with outcome in patients with stage III...
12-Gene Recurrence Score Independently Predicts Recurrence in Patients With Stage II/III Colon Cancer
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Greg Yothers, PhD, of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Biostatistical Center and the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, and colleagues assessed performance of the 12-gene colon cancer...
MicroRNA Signature Predicts Risk of Recurrence After Surgery for Stage II Colon Cancer
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Jia-Xing Zhang, MD, of Sun Yat-sen University, and colleagues identified a six-microRNA (miRNA) signature that predicted risk of recurrence after surgery for stage II colon cancer and that may help to identify patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant ...
Alternate VEGF Ligands Associated With Bevacizumab Resistance in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Results from a University of Colorado Cancer Center study indicated that bevacizumab (Avastin) resistance in patients with colorectal cancer may be due to increases in growth factors other than the targeted VEGF-A. The study, led by Christopher Lieu, MD, and published in the journal PLoS One,...
Novel Oral Agent Extends Survival in Relapsed/Refractory Colorectal Cancer, Phase II Study Shows
Hopes are high that TAS-102, a novel oral nucleoside agent, will turn out to be an advance in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, said Howard Hochster, MD, of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Program at Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, speaking at the Chemotherapy Foundation...
Increased Use of Local Excision to Treat Early-Stage Rectal Cancer
Recommended treatment for most stage I rectal cancers is total mesorectal excision. However, local excision is considered an alternative for T1 tumors that are < 30% of the bowel circumference, < 3 cm in size, mobile, well to moderately differentiated, and lack lymphovascular invasion in...
Most Gastroenterologists and Endoscopy Nurses Prefer Propofol Over Moderate Sedation in Screening Colonoscopies, but Would Pay Little Extra for It
Propofol is increasingly being used for sedation in screening colonoscopies in low-risk patients. In the United States, propofol can be administered only by an anesthesiologist, which can raise the cost of the procedure by $600 to $2,000. In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Internal...
