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Showing 9551 - 9600ASCO 2015: First Effective Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk, Localized Prostate Cancer
“For the first time, improvement in overall survival was observed with tolerable adjuvant chemotherapy for localized, high-risk prostate cancer,” Howard Sandler, MD, Professor of Radiation Oncology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, announced at a press briefing at the...
ASCO 2015: Tumor Sequencing Study Highlights Benefits of Profiling Healthy Tissue
As the practice of genetically profiling patient tumors for clinical treatment decision-making becomes more commonplace, a recent study from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center suggests that profiling normal DNA also provides an important opportunity to identify inherited mutations...
ASCO 2015: Elective Neck Dissection Improves Early Oral Cancer Survival
A randomized phase III study resolves long-standing questions about the optimal timing of neck lymph node surgery for patients with early-stage oral cancer by showing that elective neck dissection both improves survival and lowers recurrence rates compared to therapeutic neck dissection performed...
ASCO 2015: Reduction in Late Mortality Among Childhood Cancer Survivors Linked to Improvements in Cancer Care
Survivors of childhood cancer in recent eras have shown a significant reduction in late mortality, and “for the first time, we have been able to attribute that to fewer deaths from treatment-related causes or fewer deaths from late effects of the primary therapy,” Gregory T....
ASCO 2015: Bevacizumab Combination Boosts Survival in Advanced Stomach and Esophageal Cancers
Patients whose metastatic stomach or esophageal cancers were driven by a mutated HER2 gene had markedly improved response rates and survival when bevacizumab (Avastin) was added to a standard drug combination. Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, who led the research, will report these...
ASCO 2015: Melanoma Rates Dramatically Increasing in Children and Young Adults
The incidence of melanoma has increased by more than 250% among children, adolescents, and young adults since 1973, according to research to be presented by Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) on June 1 at the 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting (Abstract 9058) in Chicago. The research has been recognized...
ASCO 2015: Colorectal Cancer Genetically Different in Older and Younger Patients
Although the overall rate of colorectal cancer is declining, colorectal cancer specifically among young patients is increasing. Previous studies have shown that colorectal cancer in patients younger than 50 years old tends to be more aggressive than in older patients. A University of Colorado (CU)...
ASCO 2015: Nivolumab Shows Highly Promising Activity in Advanced Liver Cancer
A phase I/II study testing the safety and antitumor activity of nivolumab (Opdivo) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma has revealed one of the first signs that immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors will have a role in the treatment of liver cancer. The results and potential implications...
More Than One-Third of Patients Diagnosed With Hepatocellular Carcinoma as Outpatients Have Diagnostic Delays
Nearly 20% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma “wait more than 3 months from presentation to diagnosis, which can contribute to interval tumor growth,” Patel et al concluded in the Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. They based their conclusions on a review of...
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Placebo Reduce Aromatase Inhibitor–Related Musculoskeletal Pain in Early Breast Cancer
In the SWOG S0927 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hershman et al found that both omega-3 fatty acids and placebo resulted in marked persistent reductions in aromatase inhibitor–related arthralgia among patients with early breast cancer, with no difference between...
Improved Pathologic Complete Response Rate With Addition of Bevacizumab to Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2-Negative Early Breast Cancer
In the phase III ARTemis trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Earl et al found that the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to standard neoadjuvant therapy resulted in a higher pathologic complete response rate in women with HER2-negative early breast cancer. Study Details In this open-label...
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Achieves Better Overall Survival Than Surgery in Stage I NSCLC
Patients with operable stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could achieve better overall survival rates if treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy rather than the invasive surgery, the current standard of care, according to research from a phase III randomized international...
ASCO 2015: Experimental Immunotherapy Shows High Response Rate in Advanced Lung Cancer
An early-phase study testing the anti–PD-L1 agent MPDL3280A in combination with standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has provided promising early results, prompting multiple phase III studies in lung cancer. The findings are being...
Study Finds Noninvasive Colon Cancer Screening May Be Promising for African Americans
In a first-of-its-kind clinical trial, physician-scientists at University Hospitals (UH) Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine found that a new, noninvasive technology for colon cancer screening is a promising alternative to colonoscopy...
Certain Treatments for Childhood Cancer May Increase Obesity Risk Later in Life
Individuals who had cancer as a child may be at increased risk of being obese due to the therapies they received during their youth. The finding comes from a new study published early by Wilson et al in Cancer. The study’s results suggest the need for effective counseling and weight loss...
Study Shows Tomosynthesis Detects More Breast Cancers Than Traditional Mammography
One-view digital breast tomosynthesis detects 40% more breast cancers than two-view digital mammography does, according to a major screening study from Lund University in Sweden. The study’s results were published by Lång et al in European Radiology. This is the first large-scale study ...
ASCO 2015: Augmenting Standard Therapies Increases Cure Rates for High-Risk Wilms Tumor
Two phase III Children’s Oncology Group studies found that augmenting therapy with additional drugs improved outcomes for children with a high-risk form of Wilms tumor. These patients have a specific chromosomal abnormality associated with a poorer prognosis. In prior research, such patients...
ASCO 2015: Oral Vitamin Reduces Risk of Common Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers in High-Risk Patients
The Australian ONTRAC trial showed that a form of vitamin B3 called nicotinamide significantly reduced the rates of new skin cancers in people at high risk of the disease. Taken as a twice-daily pill, nicotinamide reduced the incidence of new nonmelanoma skin cancers by 23%. These findings were...
Nilotinib Inferior to Imatinib in First-Line Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic GIST
In the phase III ENESTg1 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Blay et al found that nilotinib (Tasigna) was associated with poorer progression-free survival vs imatinib (Gleevec) as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Trial...
At-Risk Patients Often Opt Out of Comprehensive Multiplex Cancer Screening
Some at-risk patients opted out of comprehensive cancer gene screening when presented with the opportunity to be tested for the presence of genes linked to various cancers, according to a recent study led by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the...
Progress Made in Discovering Link Between Aspirin Use and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Taking aspirin reduces a person's risk of colorectal cancer, but the molecular mechanisms involved have remained unknown, until a recent discovery by researchers at The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota. These findings were published by Li et al in EBioMedicine. EGFR and COX-2 Association ...
CEP17 or TOP2A Aberrations Predict Benefit of Adjuvant Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bartlett et al found that the presence of duplication of chromosome 17 pericentromeric alpha satellite, measured by a centromere enumeration probe (CEP17), and TOP2A aberrations predicted benefit of anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy in...
New Study Finds Racial Differences in Survival Among Men With Breast Cancer
A study by Sineshaw et al has found that black men with early-stage breast cancer who were younger than age 65 had a 76% higher risk of death than whites. However, the disparity was significantly reduced after adjusting for differences in insurance and income, suggesting the importance of...
UK Trial of PET-Directed Therapy Suggests That No Radiotherapy May Be an Option in PET-Negative Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a UK phase III RAPID trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Radford et al compared no further treatment vs involved-field radiotherapy in patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma who had negative positron emission tomography (PET) findings after 3 cycles of doxorubicin,...
Oophorectomy Is Associated With Significantly Reduced Breast Cancer Mortality in Patients With BRCA1 Mutation or Estrogen Receptor–Negative Disease
In a retrospective analysis reported in JAMA Oncology, Metcalfe et al found that oophorectomy in patients with early-stage breast cancer was associated with significantly improved breast cancer survival in women harboring a BRCA1 mutation and in those with estrogen receptor–negative...
Differing Patterns of Breast Cancer Risk After Hormone Therapy With Estrogen Plus Progestin or Estrogen Alone
In an analysis of Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) trials reported in JAMA Oncology, Chlebowski et al found differing patterns of breast cancer risk among women receiving menopausal hormone therapy with estrogen plus progestin or estrogen alone. Women receiving estrogen plus progestin had...
Anti–PD-1 Antibody Pembrolizumab Improves Progression-Free and Overall Survival vs Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
In the phase III KEYNOTE-006 trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Robert et al found that the anti–PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab (Keytruda) increased progression-free and overall survival compared with ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma. Study Details In this...
Long-Term Thyroid Hormone Replacement Associated With Decreased Colorectal Cancer Risk
Long-term thyroid hormone replacement was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, but hyperthyroidism and untreated hypothyroidism were associated with a modestly elevated risk, according to a study using a large population-based medical records database from the United Kingdom. The...
American College of Physicians Releases Best Practice Advice for Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women
The American College of Physicians (ACP) released its clinical advice for cervical cancer screening in asymptomatic, average-risk women 21 years or older. Women at average risk are defined as those with no history of a precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or a more severe ...
Childhood Cancer Survivors More Likely to Claim Social Security Support as Adults
Today, more than 80% of childhood cancer patients survive because of advances in treatment and care. However, recent studies have shown that some of these more than 420,000 United States childhood cancer survivors face future health-related challenges as they become adults such as a second cancer...
Circulating Tumor DNA Is a Promising Biomarker for Progression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In a study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Roschewski et al found that interim monitoring of circulating tumor DNA in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma distinguished more and less rapid progression and that surveillance monitoring identified recurrence well before clinical evidence was...
Fallopian Tube Removal May Protect Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer From Some Surgical Side Effects
A new surgical approach that removes the fallopian tubes—while sparing the ovaries—may provide premenopausal women at high risk for ovarian cancer, particularly those with BRCA1/2 mutations, with a surgical option that minimizes cancer risk while also reducing some of the negative...
No Improvement in Undetectable PSA Rate With Cixutumumab Plus Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
In a randomized phase II trial (SWOG S0925) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yu et al found that the addition of cixutumumab to androgen-deprivation therapy did not significantly increase the rate of undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with newly diagnosed...
FDA Announces Clinical Trial Endpoints for Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs
This week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released its guidance for industry document Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs and Biologics, which allows companies to use several types of clinical trial endpoints, including overall survival...
Eligible for Breast-Conserving Therapy, Many Still Choose Mastectomy
No approved targeted therapies exist to treat triple-negative breast cancer, but new chemotherapeutic treatment strategies are helping shrink tumors so that less breast tissue needs to be removed during surgery. New research led by Brigham and Women's Hospital finds that breast-conserving therapy...
AACR 2015: New PARP Inhibitor Combination Shows Early Promise for a Wide Range of Cancer Patients
A combination of two molecularly targeted drugs, olaparib (Lynparza) and the investigational agent AZD5363, was safe and yielded responses in patients with a variety of cancer types, including breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers, regardless of BRCA1/2-mutation status, according to data from the...
Frequency of Germline TP53 Mutations in Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Not Meeting Criteria for Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Yurgelun et al identified germline TP53 mutations in multiple patients with early-onset colorectal cancer from the Colon Cancer Family Registry who did not meet clinical criteria for Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is associated with increased risk...
AACR 2015: Combining Two Investigational Immunotherapy Drugs Safe, With Early Signs of Effectiveness
Combining the immunostimulatory anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody CP-870,893 with the immune checkpoint inhibitor tremelimumab was found to be safe, with clinical evidence of response in patients with advanced melanoma, according to phase I clinical trial data presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, ...
AACR 2015: Investigational PD-L1–Targeted Immunotherapy Safe for Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Effective in Some
The investigational immunotherapy MPDL3280A was safe, tolerable, and showed early signs of durable clinical activity in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, according to data from a first-in-human phase I clinical trial presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to...
AACR 2015: Improved Responses With Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Combination vs Ipilimumab Alone in Advanced Melanoma
Giving the two immunotherapies ipilimumab (Yervoy) and nivolumab (Opdivo) simultaneously yielded better treatment responses than ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma who received no prior treatment, according to phase II clinical trial data presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015,...
AACR 2015: U.S. Breast Cancer Cases Expected to Increase by as Much as 50% by 2030
The total number of breast cancer cases in the United States is forecast to be 50% greater in 2030 than it was in 2011, when invasive and in situ or screening-detected cancers are counted together. This increase is predicted to be driven mostly by a marked increase in cases of estrogen...
AACR 2015: New Immunotherapy Yields Long-Lasting Responses in Some Patients With Advanced Melanoma
A first-in-class immunotherapy called IMCgp100 yielded durable responses in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma and those with advanced ocular melanoma, according to data from a phase I/IIa clinical trial presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract ...
Obesity Significantly Increases Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Men
Obesity in black men substantially increased the risk of low- and high-grade prostate cancer, whereas obesity in white men moderately reduced the risk of low-grade cancer and only slightly increased the risk of high-grade cancer, according to the first large, prospective study to examine how race...
More Extensive Lymph Node Clearance During Surgery for Esophageal Cancer May Not Improve Survival
A population-based cohort study indicates that “more extensive lymph node clearance during surgery for esophageal cancer may not improve survival,” van der Schaaf et al reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. “These results challenge current clinical guidelines,...
Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CLL Who Discontinue Ibrutinib Early Have Poor Outcomes
Most patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who discontinued ibrutinib (Imbruvica) early “were difficult to treat and had poor outcomes,” according to a study of patients enrolled in four different clinical trials of ibrutinib, with or without rituximab...
Identifying Processes That Lead to Discontinuation of Chemotherapy for Patients With NSCLC at End of Life
According to a recent study by Perl et al published in the Journal of Oncology Practice, the administration of chemotherapy near death is recognized by patients, their families, and oncologists as “aggressive and poor-quality care.” Despite this, rates of end-of-life chemotherapy have...
Neoadjuvant Iniparib Plus Gemcitabine-Carboplatin Is Active in Early Triple-Negative and BRCA1/2-Mutant Breast Cancer
In the phase II PrECOG 0105 study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Telli et al found that neoadjuvant iniparib plus gemcitabine-carboplatin was active in early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer. Higher score on a homologous recombination deficiency–loss of...
Long-Term Study Shows Stress Management Techniques Improve Mood and Quality of Life for Breast Cancer Patients
A new study showed that providing women with skills to manage stress early in their breast cancer treatment can improve their mood and quality of life many years later. Published by Stagl et al in Cancer, the findings suggest that women given the opportunity to learn stress management techniques...
Erythropoietin Plus Radiation Therapy Does Not Improve Local-Regional Control in Anemic Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Long-term analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9903 demonstrates that the addition of erythropoietin did not improve local-regional control for anemic patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who receive radiation therapy or chemoradiation, according to a study published...
Improved Progression-Free Survival With Brentuximab Vedotin Consolidation After Transplantation in Hodgkin Lymphoma
In the phase III AETHERA trial reported in The Lancet, Moskowitz et al found that brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) consolidation therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation prolonged progression-free survival by 18 months vs placebo in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma at risk for relapse or...
