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Showing 951 - 1000Potential Utility of Polygenic Risk Scores in Cancer Screening in the United Kingdom
In a modeling study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Huntley et al found that the extension of UK cancer screening programs for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers to a polygenic risk score (PRS)-defined high-risk group of patients with cancer may improve cancer case detection and avoidance of ...
Long-Term Risk Prediction for Invasive Breast Cancer: AI System Plus Volumetric Density on Screening Mammography
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vachon et al found that the combination of an artificial intelligence (AI) imaging algorithm, together with measures of breast density on mammography screening, were capable of long-term prediction of risk of invasive breast cancer. As stated ...
Familial Clonal Hematopoiesis in Individuals With a Mutation in Telomere-Related Gene POT1
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, DeBoy et al found that individuals carrying germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the telomere-related gene POT1 had long telomeres and may be at risk for benign and malignant neoplasms as part of a familial clonal...
Patient-Reported Outcomes From the NRG Oncology/RTOG 0815 in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
In an analysis of the phase III NRG Oncology/RTOG 0815 study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Benjamin Movsas, MD, and colleagues found few differences in patient-reported outcomes among patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer receiving short-term total androgen suppression...
Addition of Short-Term ADT to Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Daniel J. Krauss, MD, and colleagues, the phase III NRG Oncology/RTOG 0815 study showed no significant improvement in overall survival with the addition of short-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) to dose-escalated radiotherapy in patients...
Ibrutinib and Rituximab vs Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab in Previously Untreated Patients With CLL
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Peter Hillmen, MBChB, PhD, and colleagues, an interim analysis of the UK phase III FLAIR trial has shown significantly improved progression-free survival with ibrutinib and rituximab vs fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) in previously untreated...
Interruption of Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy to Attempt Pregnancy in Women With Breast Cancer
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Ann H. Partridge, MD, MPH, and colleagues found that temporary interruption of adjuvant endocrine therapy to attempt pregnancy was not associated with an increased short-term risk of breast cancer events among women with hormone...
Ruxolitinib for Patients With Polycythemia Vera Intolerant or Resistant to Hydroxycarbamide
In a UK phase II trial (MAJIC-PV) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Harrison et al found that ruxolitinib produced a higher complete response rate vs best available therapy in patients with polycythemia vera intolerant of or resistant to hydroxycarbamide. Study Details In the...
Lenalidomide in Previously Treated Children With Low-Grade Gliomas
In a Children’s Oncology Group phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Katherine E. Warren, MD, and colleagues found that lenalidomide showed activity in children with pilocytic astrocytomas and optic pathway gliomas who did not respond to initial therapy. As noted by the...
Longitudinal Change in Mammographic Breast Density and Risk of Breast Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Jiang et al found that breast density decreased over time among patients undergoing mammographic screening for breast cancer, but that the decrease was smaller in the affected breast among patients who developed breast cancer vs the decrease observed in...
Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisolone With or Without Enzalutamide in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer Initiating ADT
In an analysis of the final results of two STAMPEDE platform phase III trials reported in The Lancet Oncology, Gerhardt Attard, PhD, and colleagues found that the addition of enzalutamide to abiraterone plus prednisolone did not appear to improve survival outcomes and was associated with worse...
Enfortumab Vedotin-ejfv With Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
On April 3, 2023, enfortumab vedotin-ejfv with pembrolizumab was granted accelerated approval for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma ineligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.1,2 Enfortumab vedotin-ejfv is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting nectin 4....
Detection of Early Emphysema During Lung Cancer Screening: Opportunities to Optimize Health
In an article in Annals of the American Thoracic Society, James L. Mulshine, MD, of the Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Medicine, Rush University, and colleagues maintained that the high frequency of emphysema newly identified during low-dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening...
Tucatinib Plus Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive, Refractory, RAS Wild-Type, Unresectable or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by John H. Strickler, MD, and colleagues, the phase II MOUNTAINEER trial has shown the activity of the combination of tucatinib plus trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive, chemotherapy-refractory, RAS wild-type, unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer....
Pain Control for Localized Spine Metastases: Stereotactic Radiosurgery vs Conventional Radiotherapy
As reported in JAMA Oncology by Ryu et al, the phase III portion of the NRG Oncology/RTOG 0631 trial showed no benefit in pain relief with use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs conventional external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in patients with one to three sites of vertebral metastases. Study...
Extension of Adjuvant Anastrozole After Initial Therapeutic Regimen in Postmenopausal Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
In a Japanese phase III trial (AERAS) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Iwase et al found that an additional 5 years of adjuvant anastrozole after 5 years of anastrozole or tamoxifen followed by anastrozole was associated with improved disease-free survival vs no further anastrozole...
Does Stem Cell Transplantation Extend Survival in Patients With Advanced Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas?
In a French study (CUTALLO) reported in The Lancet, de Masson et al found that patients with advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphomas who were able to undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) had prolonged progression-free survival vs matched patients receiving...
Induction Failure in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With T-Cell ALL
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, O’Connor et al found that pediatric and young adult patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) who did not respond to induction therapy had poorer outcomes vs those with induction response. The investigators also attempted...
Sotorasib in Pretreated Patients With KRAS G12C–Mutated NSCLC: 2-Year Analysis of CodeBreaK100
In an analysis published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Grace K. Dy, MD, and colleagues report 2-year outcomes of the CodeBreaK100 phase I/II trial of sotorasib in previously treated patients with KRAS G12C–mutated locally advanced or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). According...
Birth by Cesarean Delivery and Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
In a Swedish study reported in JAMA Network Open, Cao et al found that females born via cesarean delivery were at an increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer vs those born via vaginal delivery. No increased risk was observed among males born via cesarean delivery. As noted by the...
First-in-Patient Study of PSMA-Targeted Fluorescent Tracer for Intraoperative Imaging of PSMA-Positive Prostate Cancer
In a single-institution Dutch phase IIa feasibility trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Stibbe et al evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted fluorescent tracer OTL78 in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for...
Risk of Early-Onset Digestive Tract Cancers Among Young Adults With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
In a Korean nationwide cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Park et al found that individuals aged 20 to 39 years with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were at an increased risk of developing early-onset digestive tract cancers. Study Details The study included data on ...
Limited Surgery Plus Proton Therapy in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients With Craniopharyngioma
In a phase II trial (RT2CR) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Thomas E. Merchant, DO, and colleagues found that limited surgery plus proton therapy was associated with a high rate of disease control and a low rate of severe complications in pediatric and adolescent patients with craniopharyngioma....
Addition of Tislelizumab to Chemotherapy in First-Line Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Xu et al, an interim analysis of the phase III RATIONALE-306 trial has shown improved overall survival with the addition of the anti–PD-1 antibody tislelizumab to chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell...
pCR and Individual Patient Prognosis After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Anti-HER2 Therapy in HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Marion T. van Mackelenbergh, MD, PhD, and colleagues found that patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer who achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) on neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus anti-HER2 treatment had better overall and...
Addition of Blinatumomab to Chemotherapy in Infant Patients With KMT2A-Rearranged ALL
In a phase II trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, van der Sluis et al found that the addition of blinatumomab—a bispecific T-cell engager molecule targeting CD19—to standard chemotherapy appeared to result in marked improvements in outcome among infants with KMT2A-rearranged...
Survival in Patients With Neuroblastoma on Reduced Therapy as a Result of Change in COG Risk Stratification
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bender et al found that “excellent” survival outcomes were achieved in patients receiving reduced treatment for neuroblastoma as a result of reassignment to intermediate risk from high risk based on a change in the minimum age for...
Clonal Hematopoiesis Risk Score for Myeloid Neoplasms in Patients With Myeloid Precursor Conditions
As reported in NEJM Evidence, Weeks et al identified a clonal hematopoiesis risk score for prediction of risk for myeloid neoplasms among individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). As stated by the investigators, ...
First-Line Zolbetuximab Plus mFOLFOX6 in CLDN18.2-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
As reported in The Lancet by Kohei Shitara, MD, and colleagues, the phase III SPOTLIGHT trial has shown significantly prolonged progression-free and overall survival with the addition of the anti–claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) antibody zolbetuximab to mFOLFOX6 (modified leucovorin [or...
Updated Analysis of Study 309/KEYNOTE-775: Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Endometrial Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Vicky Makker, MD, and colleagues, an updated analysis of the phase III Study 309/KEYNOTE-775 trial showed overall and progression-free survival benefits with lenvatinib/pembrolizumab vs physician’s choice of chemotherapy among previously treated...
Cardiovascular Disease in Survivors of Testicular Cancer
In a Dutch study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lubberts et al identified risk factors for cardiovascular disease among survivors of testicular cancer and assessed the impact of cardiovascular disease on quality of life. Study Details The study involved data from a multicenter cohort ...
Addition of Quizartinib to Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed FLT3-ITD–Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia
As reported in The Lancet by Erba et al, the phase III QuANTUM-First trial has shown prolonged overall survival with the addition of the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib to chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed FLT3-internal-tandem-duplication (ITD)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Study...
Meta-Analysis of Outcomes With Anthracycline-Containing and Taxane-Containing Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
As reported in The Lancet by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), a patient-level meta-analysis showed that anthracycline/taxane regimens were associated with better outcomes compared with regimens excluding either drug class in patients with early-stage operable breast...
Subcutaneous vs Intravenous Rituximab in First-Line Treatment of Low–Tumor Burden Follicular Lymphoma
In a French phase III trial (FLIRT) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cartron et al found that the use of subcutaneous (SC) vs intravenous (IV) rituximab was associated with improved progression-free survival in the first-line treatment of low–tumor burden follicular lymphoma. Study...
Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Standard Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Mileshkin et al, the phase III OUTBACK trial has shown no survival benefit with adjuvant carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy given after standard cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Study...
Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Criteria in Determining Correlation of Survival Outcomes in Glioblastoma
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Youssef et al found that the standard Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) and modified RANO (mRANO) criteria produced similar correlations between progression-free survival and overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma and...
Updated Findings From JAVELIN Bladder 100 Trial of Avelumab First-Line Maintenance in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
An updated analysis of the phase III JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial continued to show benefits in overall survival and progression-free survival with avelumab maintenance plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who were progression-free...
Long-Term Cardiac Safety and Efficacy of SB3 Trastuzumab Biosimilar vs Reference Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer
In a secondary analysis of the phase III SB3-G31-BC trial, Pivot et al found that perioperative use of the trastuzumab biosimilar SB3 was associated with a similar cardiac safety profile and similar efficacy outcomes compared with reference trastuzumab after up to 6 years of follow-up in patients...
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan vs Physician’s Choice in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Trastuzumab Emtansine
As reported in The Lancet by André et al, the phase III DESTINY-Breast02 trial has shown improved progression-free survival with fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki vs physician’s choice of treatment in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who had received prior ado-trastuzumab...
Second-Line Liposomal Irinotecan Plus Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer
In an updated analysis of a Korean phase IIb trial (NIFTY) reported in JAMA Oncology, Hyung et al found that the addition of nanoliposomal irinotecan to fluorouracil and leucovorin significantly improved progression-free survival in patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer with disease...
Financial Impact on Caregivers of Spouses With Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bradley et al found that approximately one-third of caregivers of spouses with cancer reported they had stopped working and had increased household debt. In the subgroup with a lower-than-median household income, cancer caregivers were more...
Study Investigates Prevalence of ‘Low-Value’ PSA Screening for Prostate Cancer in Older Patients
In a survey study reported in JAMA Network Open, Kalavacherla et al found a high prevalence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer among older patients than recommended for such screening in U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. The investigators stated: “The...
Dabrafenib With Trametinib for Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma With BRAF V600E Mutation
On March 16, 2023, dabrafenib with trametinib was approved for pediatric patients aged 1 year and older with low-grade glioma with a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy.1,2 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also approved new oral formulations of both drugs suitable for patients who ...
Neoadjuvant Trabectedin and Radiotherapy in Myxoid Liposarcoma
In the phase II TRASTS study reported in JAMA Oncology, Sanfilippo et al found that neoadjuvant trabectedin and radiotherapy did not meet the target objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) in patients with myxoid liposarcoma but did exhibit activity...
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Locoregional Recurrence Among Patients With Breast Cancer Treated in the TAILORx Trial
In a retrospective post hoc analysis reported in JAMA Surgery, Olga Kantor, MD, and colleagues found that locoregional recurrence was more common among Black and Asian vs White patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative, node-negative breast cancer in the context of similar access...
Association of Delayed or Foregone Care Among Patients With Cancer and Patient-Clinician Identity Discordance
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Oncology, Patel et al found that delayed or foregone care due to patient-clinician discordance of identity (eg, race, religion, gender) was more common among patients with cancer vs noncancer controls. Approximately one-quarter of younger patients...
Sugemalimab in Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma
In a Chinese phase II study (GEMSTONE-201) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Huang et al found that the PD-L1 inhibitor sugemalimab produced durable responses in patients with relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Study Details In the multicenter trial, 78...
Validation of a Prognostic Model for Overall Survival in Chemotherapy-Naive Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Susan Halabi, PhD, and colleagues validated an overall survival prognostic model for docetaxel-naive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. As noted by the investigators, “We have previously developed and externally...
Tumor Genomic Profile and Risk for Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients With Solid Cancers
In a single-institution study reported in JACC: CardioOncology, Feldman et al found that somatic KRAS and STK11 alterations were associated with increased risk of arterial thromboembolism in patients with solid tumors, irrespective of tumor type. Study Details The retrospective cohort study used...
Long-Term Survival in Patients Diagnosed With Cancer During Pregnancy or Postpartum
In a Canadian population–based retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Oncology, Cairncross et al found that patients diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or postpartum had worse 5-year survival than those diagnosed at a time remote from pregnancy. Study Details The study included data from...
