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Showing 6151 - 6200Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival Linked to Advanced Disease and Comorbidities at Diagnosis
Racial disparities in colon cancer survival rates may be explained by differences in the health of the patients at diagnosis—both in the stage of the cancer and comorbid conditions—rather than by differences in subsequent treatment, a new study has found. Focusing efforts on prevention...
Germline SUFU Mutations Cause Gorlin Syndrome and Increase Risk for Childhood Medulloblastoma
In a study to identify causative mutations in patients with Gorlin syndrome without PTCH1 mutations, Smith et al found that germline mutations in SUFU were associated with Gorlin syndrome and with increased likelihood of Gorlin syndrome–associated childhood medulloblastoma. The study is...
SABCS 2014: BOLERO-3: Everolimus Plus Trastuzumab/Paclitaxel Misses the Mark in First-Line HER2 Advanced Breast Cancer
The addition of everolimus to weekly trastuzumab (Herceptin) plus paclitaxel did not improve outcomes in the phase III BOLERO-1/TRIO-019, but did provide a “signal” in the hormone receptor–negative subset. The study was reported at the 2014 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium by...
SABCS 2014: Fulvestrant Improves Survival Over Anastrozole for Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer
Among patients with advanced, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who had not been treated previously for advanced disease, those who took fulvestrant (Faslodex) lived longer than those who took anastrozole, according to data from the phase II FIRST trial presented at the 2014 San Antonio ...
SABCS 2014: Lowering Dietary Fat Intake Reduces Death Rates in Some Women With Breast Cancer
Among early-stage breast cancer patients who reduced their dietary fat intake for 5 years following a diagnosis, after over 15 years follow-up, death rates from all causes were significantly reduced in those who had hormone-unrelated breast cancer, according to data from the Women’s...
SABCS 2014: Adding Carboplatin to Neoadjuvant Therapy Increases Pathologic Complete Response Rates Across Subtypes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Among women with triple-negative breast cancer, both basal-like and non–basal-like tumors were equally likely to demonstrate a pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but they responded differently to exposure to carboplatin and bevacizumab (Avastin), in an analysis of the...
FDA Approves Nine-Valent HPV Vaccine for Prevention of Certain Cancers Caused by Five Additional Types of HPV
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved recombinant nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil 9) for the prevention of certain diseases caused by nine types of HPV. The nine-valent vaccine covers five more HPV types than the previously approved quadrivalent vaccine...
SABCS 2014: Pembrolizumab Holds Promise in Breast Cancer, Early Studies Suggest
Single-agent treatment with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda) produced a “signal of activity” and led to some durable response, in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, Rita Nanda, MD, of the University of Chicago, reported at the 2014 San Antonio Breast...
ASH 2014: Common Genetic Variations May Contribute to Treatment-Related Cognitive Problems in Children With Leukemia
Common variations in four genes related to brain inflammation or cells′ response to damage from oxidation may contribute to the problems with memory, learning, and other cognitive functions seen in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), according to a study presented at the...
ASH 2014: T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Outcomes Excellent, Even for 'Poor-Risk' Group
Outcomes in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which has traditionally been considered a poor-prognosis cancer, are better than expected, even for the early thymic precursor (ETP) phenotype, according to investigators from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) who...
ASH 2014: High Hopes for AG-221 in Advanced Leukemia
Although the data are preliminary, single-agent AG-221 therapy targeted to the IDH2 mutation holds great promise as a nonchemotherapy approach for the treatment of advanced hematologic malignancies, including relapsed/refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and untreated AML. The findings were...
CDK7 Inhibitor Effective in Reducing Small Cell Lung Cancer in Preclinical Study
Although small cell lung cancer is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate, in contrast to other lung carcinomas, there has not been significant progress in the development of therapies for the disease in more than 3 decades. Now, researchers using a high-throughput cellular screen of a...
ASH 2014: CD19-Directed CAR T-Cell Therapy Yields High Rate of Durable Remissions in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
As more experience is gained with the use of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the data continue to be highly encouraging. To date, 36 of 39 pediatric ALL patients (92%) treated with...
ASH 2014: PD-1 Blockade Moves Into Hematology
The promise of the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors seen in solid tumors, especially melanoma, may hold true for at least one hematologic malignancy, according to studies presented at the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition. At a press briefing,...
ASH 2014: Strong Showing for Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies in Myeloma
An investigational new class of drugs, the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, could be the next blockbuster agents in multiple myeloma, experts in this malignancy predicted at the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition. Anti-CD38 antibodies target multiple myeloma...
Cigarette Smoking Associated With Changes in Inflammation Markers
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Shiels et al found significant changes in levels of inflammatory/immune markers in current cigarette smokers vs nonsmokers. There was a significant relationship between time since quitting and return to nonsmoker levels for...
Telomere Length Genes Are Associated With Melanoma Risk
Longer telomeres have been associated with increased risk of melanoma. In a GenoMEL Consortium genome-wide association study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Iles et al found that several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with leukocyte telomere...
FDA Approves Ruxolitinib to Treat Patients With Polycythemia Vera
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved a new use for ruxolitinib (Jakafi) to treat patients with polycythemia vera, a chronic type of bone marrow disease. Ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, is the first drug approved by the FDA for this condition. Polycythemia vera occurs when too...
FDA Approves Blinatumomab to Treat Rare Form of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today granted accelerated approval to blinatumomab (Blincyto) for the treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–negative, relapsed or refractory precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL). Blinatumomab is a bispecific...
RSNA Awards Gold Medal to Three Leaders in Radiology
The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) awarded the Gold Medal, the organization’s highest honor, to three individuals at the RSNA 100th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting: Gary J. Becker, MD, of Tucson; Allen S. Lichter, MD, FASCO, of Alexandria, Virginia; and Etta D. Pisano,...
Bisphosphonates May Block the Development of HER-Driven Tumors, Preventing Breast, Lung, and Colon Cancers
Two studies have found that bisphosphonates may be effective in preventing certain cancers—including lung, breast, and colon—by blocking abnormal growth signals passed through HER family receptors. The studies suggest that bisphosphonates, the most commonly prescribed medications for...
Anti-CD19 Bispecific T Cell Engager Blinatumomab Shows Activity in Relapsed/Refractory B-Precursor ALL
In a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Topp et al found that the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody blinatumomab produced a high response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). BiTEs induce a transient cytolytic ...
FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Investigational CAR T-Cell Therapy
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to JCAR015, an investigational chimeric antigen receptor therapy developed by Juno Therapeutics. The designation applies for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and was filed...
FDA Warns Against Using Laparoscopic Power Morcellators to Treat Uterine Fibroids
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today announced that it is taking immediate steps to help reduce the risk of spreading unsuspected cancer in women being treated for uterine fibroids. In an updated safety communication, originally issued in April 2014, the FDA warned against using...
Adult Survivors of Retinoblastoma Experience Few Cognitive or Social Setbacks
Adult survivors of retinoblastoma, a type of eye cancer that usually develops in early childhood, have few cognitive or social problems decades following their diagnosis and treatment, according to a study by Brinkman et al published in Cancer. The findings offer good news for patients, but the...
Cigarette Smoking Before Diagnosis of First Cancer Is Associated With Increased Risk of Second Cancers
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shiels et al found that prediagnostic smoking among survivors of stage I lung cancer or bladder, kidney, or head/neck cancer was associated with increased risk of second lung, bladder, kidney, and head and neck cancer. Study Details The...
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors May Work in Brain Cancers
New evidence that immune checkpoint inhibitors may work in glioblastoma and brain metastases was presented today at the ESMO Symposium on Immuno-Oncology 2014 in Geneva (Abstract 1O). The novel research shows that brain metastases of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, providing an immunoactive...
Advanced-Practice Nurse Telephone Counseling Improves Rate of Cardiomyopathy Screening in At‑Risk Adult Survivors of Pediatric Cancer
In the ECHOS trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hudson et al found that the addition of two tailored telephone counseling sessions by an advanced-practice nurse to a mailed personalized survivorship care plan including cardiac screening recommendations resulted in a greater than...
Exposure to Hookah Smoke Doubles Benzene Uptake, Potentially Increasing Risk for Leukemia
Findings from a new study show that hookah smokers and nonsmokers exposed to hookah (or waterpipe) secondhand tobacco smoke at social events in hookah lounges and in private homes had significant increases in uptake of benzene, a leukemogen that causes lymphohematopoietic cancers, especially acute...
FDA Approves Extended-Release, Single-Entity Hydrocodone Product With Abuse-Deterrent Properties
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved hydrocodone bitartrate (Hysingla ER), an extended-release opioid analgesic to treat pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. The product...
About 25% of Patients Undergoing Breast-Conservation Surgery for Stage 0 to II Carcinoma Have Subsequent Surgery
“Approximately one-fourth of all patients who undergo initial breast-conservation surgery for breast cancer will have a subsequent operative intervention,” concluded a study published online in JAMA Surgery. “The rate of repeat surgeries varies by patient, tumor, and facility...
RTOG Pooled Analysis Shows Good Long-Term Outcomes After Bladder-Preserving Combined-Modality Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
In a pooled analysis of prospective Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) studies reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mak et al found good long-term outcomes with bladder-preserving combined-modality therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Study Details The analysis included 468...
Metabolic ‘Reprogramming’ by the p53 Gene Family Leads to Tumor Regression
Scientists have found that altering members of the p53 gene family, known as tumor-suppressor genes, causes rapid regression of tumors that are deficient in or totally missing p53. Study results suggest existing diabetes drugs, which impact the same gene-protein pathway, might be effective for...
Proton Radiotherapy Safe and Effective in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma
In a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ladra et al found that proton radiotherapy was a safe and effective treatment in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Proton radiotherapy can substantially reduce radiotherapy doses to normal tissue compared with conventional photon...
Interactions Between Genetic Variants and Sun Behaviors May Influence Future Melanoma Risk
The combination of different patterns of sun exposure experienced by children and biomarkers of melanoma risk, such as the number of freckles or moles that develop as a result, may play a large role in future melanoma risk, a study investigating gene and environmental interactions has found....
Briefer Biochemotherapy Yields Better Relapse-Free Survival but Greater Toxicity vs 1-Year High-Dose Interferon in High-Risk Melanoma
In a phase III trial (Southwest Oncology Group Intergroup S0008) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Flaherty et al found that a shorter course of biochemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, interleukin-2, and interferon alfa-2b produced better relapse-free...
ASCO Calls for Major Medicaid Reform to Improve Quality Cancer Care for Low-Income Americans
ASCO issued its new Policy Statement on Medicaid Reform yesterday, which calls for major changes to the program to ensure access to high-quality cancer care for all low-income individuals. The Society’s recommendations call for Medicaid expansion in all 50 states to close coverage gaps,...
Gene Sequencing Projects Link Two Mutations to Ewing Sarcoma Subtype With Poor Prognosis
An international collaboration has identified frequent mutations in two genes that often occur together in Ewing sarcoma and that define a subtype of the cancer associated with reduced survival. The research, conducted by the St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital-Washington University...
HPV Vaccine Uptake Among Girls Is Lowest in States With Highest Rates of Cervical Cancer
The proportion of adolescent girls receiving human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines was much lower in states with higher rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality, according to data presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) conference on The Science of Cancer Health...
CMS Announces Proposed Decision to Cover Low-Dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced today that there is sufficient evidence to cover lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for individuals at high risk for lung cancer. Earlier this year, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force...
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Technique for Pneumonectomy Shown to Be Safe
In the largest series of its kind to date, researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) have shown that performing thoracoscopic pneumonectomy, removal of the entire lung through a minimally invasive endoscopic approach, at a high-volume center appears to be safe and may provide pain and...
Olaparib Treatment Yields Promising Response Rates in Patients With BRCA Mutation–Associated Cancers
Olaparib, an experimental twice-daily oral cancer drug, produced an overall tumor response rate of 26% in several advanced cancers associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, according to a phase II study reported by Kaufman et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. The positive response provides...
Number of Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Colorectal Cancer Anticipated to Double
In the next 15 years, more than 1 in 10 colon cancers and nearly 1 in 4 rectal cancers will be diagnosed in patients younger than the traditional screening age, according to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. This growing public health problem is underscored by data...
Early Response to Dose-Intensive Chemotherapy Can Be Used to Tailor Subsequent Therapy in Pediatric Intermediate-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Friedman and colleagues, the Children’s Oncology Group study AHOD0031 has shown that early response to dose-intensive chemotherapy can be used to tailor subsequent therapy in pediatric intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma. Study Details In...
CDC Reports That Millions of U.S. Women Are Not Getting Screened for Cervical Cancer
Despite evidence that cervical cancer screening saves lives, about 8 million women aged 21 to 65 years have not been screened for cervical cancer in the past 5 years, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly ...
Wide Geographic Variation in Use of Laparoscopic Colectomy for Colon Cancer
There has been a dramatic increase in the use of laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer. In a Medicare data study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Reames and colleagues found that use of laparoscopic colectomy varied from 0% to 66.8% across hospital referral regions in the United...
Shorter-Duration Therapy Including Lower-Dose Cyclophosphamide Preserves Efficacy in Newly Diagnosed Low-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma
Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) studies have shown improved failure-free survival with VAC (vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide) given with a total cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of 26.4 g/m2 compared with VA (vincristine and dactinomycin) in patients with subset 1...
New Guidelines Issued on Use of Complementary Therapies for Breast Cancer
More than 80% of breast cancer patients in the United States use complementary therapies following a breast cancer diagnosis, but there has been little science-based guidance to inform clinicians and patients about their safety and effectiveness. In newly published clinical practice guidelines...
Scoring to Predict Individual Risk of Heart Failure Among Childhood Cancer Survivors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chow and colleagues developed risk scoring that can identify likelihood of heart failure among childhood cancer survivors. Study Details The study involved survivors in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) free of significant...
Registry Data Reveals Sustained Local Control With Minimal Side Effects for Medically Inoperable, Early-Stage Lung Cancer Patients Receiving SBRT
Analysis of data from an institutional patient registry on stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) indicates excellent long-term, local control in 79% of tumors for medically inoperable, early-stage lung cancer patients treated with the procedure from 2003 to 2012, according to research presented at...
