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Showing 5701 - 5750KIR3DL1 and HLA-B Allele Combinations May Impact Response to Treatment in Neuroblastoma
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Forlenza et al found that noninteracting KIR3DL1 and HLA-B subtypes were associated with better response to anti-GD2 antibody treatment in neuroblastoma. Study Details Treatment of neuroblastoma with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (eg, the...
Adjuvant Trastuzumab May Be Insufficiently Used in Older Women With Breast Cancer
Reeder-Hayes et al found that adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin) may be underused in older women with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer and reported their study results in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Adjuvant trastuzumab also was used less often in black women than in white women. Rates...
Adding Rituximab to Dose-Dense Chemotherapy May Be of Benefit in Burkitt Lymphoma
In a French phase III trial reported in The Lancet, Ribrag et al showed that adding rituximab (Rituxan) to dose-dense chemotherapy improved event-free survival among adults with Burkitt lymphoma. Study Details In the open-label trial, 260 patients were randomized between October 2004 and...
ASCO Endorses Cancer Care Ontario Guideline on Active Surveillance for Management of Localized Prostate Cancer
As reported by Ronald C. Chen, MD, MPH, of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and colleagues in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ASCO has endorsed, with qualifications, the 2015 Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) guideline on active surveillance for management of localized prostate cancer....
Transcription Factor CDX2 May Be a Prognostic Biomarker in Stage II and III Colon Cancer
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Piero Dalerba, MD, of Columbia University, and colleagues found that absence of the transcription factor CDX2 was prognostic for poor outcome in patients with stage II and III colon cancer vs cancers with CDX2 expression.1 However,...
Interim FDG-PET Response-Adapted Therapy May Be of Benefit in Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a phase II US Intergroup trial (Southwest Oncology Group S0816) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Press et al found that early interim fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) to guide response-adapted therapy resulted in progression-free survival substantially...
ASCO Statement on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Cancer Prevention
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Bailey et al, ASCO has released a statement on increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to prevent HPV-related cancers in the United States. In the United States, HPV is estimated to cause approximately 99.7% of cervical cancers, 60% of...
Dabrafenib Active in BRAF-Mutant Metastatic NSCLC
Planchard et al found that the BRAF kinase inhibitor dabrafenib (Tafinlar) produced responses in previously treated and untreated patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology. Activating BRAF V600E...
Family-Focused Therapy Continued Into Bereavement Benefits High-Risk Families
Family-focused grief therapy continued into bereavement reduced the severity of complicated grief and the risk of prolonged grief disorder among high-risk families of dying cancer patients, according to a report by Kissane et in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Study Details In the trial,...
Pazopanib of Benefit in Imatinib- and Sunitinib-Resistant GIST in French Phase II Trial
In a French phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Mir et al found that pazopanib (Votrient) plus best supportive care increased progression-free survival vs best supportive care in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) resistant to imatinib and sunitinib. Study...
CCR2 Inhibitor Active in Combination With FOLFIRINOX in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
A CCR2 inhibitor (PF-04136309) was active in combination with FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, leucovorin, fluorouracil) in treatment-naive patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, according to a single-center phase Ib study reported by Nywening...
French Study Suggests No Apparent Benefit of Bevacizumab in Nonmetastatic HER2-Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer
In a French single-arm phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Bertucci et al found little evidence of benefit from the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies in women with nonmetastatic HER2-negative inflammatory breast cancer. Study Details In the study, ...
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Not Inferior to Conventional Radiotherapy in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Hypofractionated radiotherapy was not inferior to conventional radiotherapy in terms of disease-free survival among men with low-risk prostate cancer, according to the results of the phase III NRG Oncology RTOG 0415 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Lee et al. However, it was...
Higher EZH2 and Ki67 Expression May Be Associated With Aggressive Basal Cell Carcinoma
In a study reported in a research letter in JAMA Oncology, Rao et al found that high expression of EZH2 and Ki67 was associated with more-aggressive basal cell carcinoma.EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase of the polycomb repressive complex 2. EZH2 overexpression or gain of function mutations has...
Nomograms for Predicting Survival and Distant Metastasis After Resection of Localized Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities
As reported in The Lancet Oncology, Callegaro et al have developed nomograms to predict overall survival and risk of distant metastases in patients undergoing resection of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Study Details The study involved data from a development cohort of 1,452 consecutive ...
Cancer and Fertility Program Improves Patient Satisfaction With Information on Fertility Risks and Preservation
A cancer and fertility program established at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) improves patient satisfaction with information received regarding fertility risks and preservation options, according to a report by Kelvin et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Designed to support...
Greatest Benefit of Adjuvant Exemestane Seen in Premenopausal Women at Higher Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence
In an analysis of the SOFT and TEXT trials reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Regan et al found that the greatest benefit of adjuvant exemestane in reducing breast cancer recurrence was among women with the highest risk of recurrence on the basis of clinicopathologic characteristics....
Use of 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay score was strongly associated with recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer, reported Jasem et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Black women and patients treated in community facilities were more likely to...
Improved Overall Survival With Addition of Chemotherapy to Radiation in Low-Grade Glioma
The addition of chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine to radiotherapy significantly prolonged overall survival in patients with low-grade glioma, according to the final results of the phase III RTOG 9802 trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Buckner et al. A...
Prognostic Scoring System for Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shaffer et al have developed a prognostic scoring system for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome. Study Details The study involved data from 2,133 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome in...
Noninferiority of Gefitinib vs Erlotinib Not Established in Japanese Trial in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma
In a Japanese phase III trial (WJOG 5108L) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Urata et al found that noninferiority of gefitinib vs erlotinib was not established in previously treated patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer. Study Details In the open-label trial, 559...
Acupuncture Improves Hot Flashes in Women With Breast Cancer in Italian Trial
In an Italian trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lesi et al found that the addition of acupuncture to enhanced self-care improved hot flashes, climacteric symptoms, and quality-of-life measures in women with breast cancer. Study Details In the trial, 190 women were randomized to...
Adding Ovarian Function Suppression to Tamoxifen Worsened Some Patient-Reported Outcomes in Premenopausal Women With Early Breast Cancer
Ribi et al reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology that addition of ovarian function suppression to tamoxifen resulted in greater endocrine and sexual function symptoms among premenopausal patients with early breast cancer in the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT). The SOFT study...
Increased Rate of Nonoperative Management of Rectal Adenocarcinoma
A National Cancer Database analysis reported by Ellis et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology indicates a doubling in the use of chemoradiation only in patients with nonmetastatic rectal cancer over recent years. However, current evidence is insufficient to support such nonoperative management....
Next-Generation Sequencing Assay May Permit Accurate Detection of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Colorectal Cancer
Use of a custom next-generation sequencing assay may accurately predict mismatch repair deficiency on the basis of mutational load in colorectal cancer, according to a report by Stadler et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Study Details The study involved data from 224 patients with...
Dutch Study Indicates Low Locoregional Recurrence in Young Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Aalders et al found relatively low rates of locoregional recurrence among young (< 35 years) Dutch women undergoing surgery for unilateral invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2008. Recurrence rates varied somewhat by biologic subtype, according to these findings reported in the Journal of...
Evidence of Intracranial Benefit With Crizotinib in Advanced ALK-Positive NSCLC
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Solomon et al found that crizotinib (Xalkori) was associated with a significantly better disease control rate vs chemotherapy among patients with brain metastases in ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Crizotinib was also...
International Myeloma Working Group Recommendations for Myeloma-Related Renal Impairment
International Myeloma Working Group recommendations for the diagnosis and management of myeloma-related renal impairment were recently reported by Dimopoulos et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Recommendations were based on review of published data through December 2015. Key recommendations...
UK Trial Shows Similar Survival With PET-CT Surveillance vs Planned Neck Dissection in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
In a UK noninferiority trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Mehanna et al found that positron-emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) surveillance was associated with similar survival vs planned neck dissection in patients with stage N2 or N3 squamous cell carcinoma ...
Improved Detection of Breast Cancer With Ultrasound vs Tomosynthesis in Mammography-Negative Dense Breasts
Ultrasound was associated with improved incremental detection of breast cancer at screening compared with tomosynthesis in women with mammography-negative dense breasts, according to the interim findings of the Italian prospective ASTOUND study. Tagliafico et al reported these results in the...
Racial/Ethnic Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality Among Childhood Cancer Survivors
An analysis in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort reported by Liu et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology indicated that differences in risk for poor outcomes among black, Hispanic, and white survivors of childhood cancer were generally mediated by differences in socioeconomic status and...
Study Finds Decreased Use of Primary Breast-Conserving Surgery for Women in New York State
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Isaacs et al found that use of primary breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer has declined somewhat in recent years in New York State, most steeply among younger women. In addition, 90-day reoperation rates have declined and are lower for...
Adding 6 Months of Androgen Suppression to Radiotherapy Improves Disease-Free Survival in Intermediate- and High-Risk Prostate Cancer
In the phase III EORTC 22991 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bolla et al found that the addition of 6 months of androgen suppression to radiotherapy improved biochemical and clinical disease-free survival in patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. Study...
Crizotinib in ROS1-Positive Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
On March 11, 2016, crizotinib (Xalkori) was approved for treatment of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ROS1 rearrangement–positive tumors.1,2 A U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved test for the detection of ROS1 rearrangements in NSCLC is not currently...
Everolimus Improves Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung or Gastrointestinal Tract
In a phase III trial (RADIANT-4) reported in The Lancet, James C. Yao, MD, of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and colleagues found that everolimus (Afinitor) and supportive care significantly prolonged progression-free survival vs placebo and supportive care in patients with...
Decreased PSA Screening and Decreased Diagnosis of Early-Stage Prostate Cancer
Recent data indicate that the rate of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the rate of diagnosis of early-stage prostate cancer have decreased since a 2012 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) statement (released in October 2011) gave a grade D recommendation against PSA...
Update of ASCEND-1 Trial Shows Ceritinib Highly Active in ALK-Rearranged NSCLC, Including Intracranial Disease
Updated results of the phase I ASCEND-1 trial, reported by Kim et al in The Lancet Oncology, indicate that the ALK inhibitor ceritinib (Zykadia) produced high response rates in advanced ALK-rearranged non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including intracranial disease, in both patients with and...
Vitamin D Level Associated With Melanoma Outcome Independent of C-Reactive Protein Level
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fang et al found that lower vitamin D levels were associated with poorer outcome in patients with melanoma independent of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Study Details The study involved data from 1,042 prospectively observed patients with ...
Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy Associated With Improved Outcomes in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer was associated with a significantly better outcome vs non–pathologic complete response, in a patient-level meta-analysis reported by Broglio et al in JAMA Oncology. Response vs No Response The study included...
Study Reports No Overall Benefit of Adding Farletuzumab to Chemotherapy in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer, but Potential Subgroup Benefit Identified
Addition of the antifolate receptor-α antibody farletuzumab to carboplatin/taxane did not improve progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer in first platinum-sensitive relapse, reported Vergote et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. However, benefit was observed in...
Atezolizumab Improves Survival vs Docetaxel in Previously Treated NSCLC: Increased Benefit With Increased PD-L1 Expression
In the phase II POPLAR trial reported in The Lancet, Louis Fehrenbacher, MD, of Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, and colleagues found that the investigational anti–programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody atezolizumab improved overall survival vs docetaxel in patients with non–small cell...
Glioblastoma Multiforme With Mismatch Repair Deficiency May Be Target for Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Glioblastoma multiforme resulting from germline biallelic mismatch repair deficiency was characterized by hypermutation and elevated neoantigen load—characteristics associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in other settings—according to a study reported in the Journal of ...
Ultrasound Screening for Breast Cancer May Be Linked to Increased Detection of Invasive Tumors but More False-Positive Results
As reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute by Berg et al, an analysis from the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) 6666 study indicates that use of ultrasound in primary screening for breast cancer resulted in increased detection of invasive cancers but more...
Effects of Chemotherapy on Pregnancy for Survivors of Childhood Cancer Treated Between 1970 and 1999
In an analysis in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort reported in The Lancet Oncology, Chow et al found that increasing doses of several alkylating agents reduced the likelihood of fathering a pregnancy among male survivors of childhood cancer, with fewer drug associations with pregnancy...
Phase II Trial Shows Benefit of Adding Ramucirumab to Docetaxel in Previously Treated Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
Adding the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) antibody ramucirumab to docetaxel improved progression-free survival among previously treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, reported Petrylak et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. ...
Good Outcome Reported With Endocrine Therapy and Omission of Chemotherapy Based on 21-Gene Recurrence Score in Breast Cancer
Treatment with adjuvant endocrine therapy and omission of chemotherapy on the basis of a 21-gene recurrence score ≤ 11 was associated with a high 3-year disease-free survival rate in women with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, according to a trial reported in...
Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Individuals With a Negative Low-Dose CT Prevalence Screen
In an analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) cohort reported in The Lancet Oncology, Patz et al found that participants who had a negative low-dose computed tomography (CT) prevalence screen had a low incidence of lung cancer detected at first annual screen and exhibited reduced...
ASCO Endorses Cancer Care Ontario Recommendations on Decision-Making in Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Early-Stage, Operable Breast Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by N. Lynn Henry, MD, PhD, of the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, and colleagues, ASCO has endorsed Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) guideline recommendations on the role of patient and disease factors in decisions on adjuvant systemic...
Lower Vitamin D Levels Associated With Adverse Pathology at Prostatectomy in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Nyame et al found that lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels were associated with an increased likelihood of adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy in men with localized prostate cancer. Study Details The cross-sectional...
Increased Frequency of BRCA Mutation Testing in Young Women With Breast Cancer
Rosenberg et al found that the proportion of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤ 40 years who have undergone BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing has increased during recent years. These findings, which were reported in JAMA Oncology, were part of the ongoing prospective Helping Ourselves, Helping...
