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Showing 4451 - 4500Experimental Drug Shows Promise for Treatment-Resistant Leukemia
Research in mice and human cell lines has identified an experimental compound dubbed TTT-3002 as potentially one of the most potent drugs available to block genetic mutations in cancer cells blamed for some forms of treatment-resistant leukemia. The study by Ma et al, published in Blood, found that ...
Investigational Bromodomain Inhibitor Shows Clinical Activity in Some Blood Cancers
The results from a phase I study of a new investigational epigenetic therapy called OTX015, a small-molecule inhibitor that blocks the activity of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET)-bromodomain proteins, is showing clinical activity in some blood cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. The study ...
Biomarker Identifies Melanoma Patients Who May Respond to Immunotherapy MK-3475
Among melanoma patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor MK-3475, those whose tumors had the protein PD-L1 had better immune responses and higher survival rates, according to results presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2014 in San Diego. When the protein...
High t(14;18) Translocation Frequency Predicts Follicular Lymphoma up to 15 Years Later
The t(14;18) translocation is a hallmark and critical event in the development of follicular lymphoma, but it is also detectable in otherwise healthy persons, and its relationship to progression to disease is unclear. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Roulland et al found...
Certain Genetic Variants May Help Identify Patients at Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer Recurrence
A new study by Andrew et al published in BJU International suggests that certain inherited DNA sequences may affect the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. The findings may help physicians identify subgroups of patients with high-risk bladder cancer who should receive more frequent...
Validation of Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index in European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network Trials
The Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) was developed in 2008 as the first prognostic stratification system specific for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hoster et al confirmed the validity of MIPI in a cohort of two...
Bendamustine/Rituximab May Be Important Alternative Treatment Option for Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma or Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Results from the BRIGHT study combined with long-term safety data from other studies suggest that bendamustine (Treanda) plus rituximab (Rituxan) “may be an important alternative treatment option” for the initial therapy of patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and mantle...
Study Finds Chemotherapy Accelerates Molecular Aging in Patients With Breast Cancer
Physicians have long suspected that chemotherapy can accelerate the aging process in patients treated for cancer. Using a test developed at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center to determine molecular aging, oncologists have directly measured the impact of anticancer chemotherapy drugs on...
Long-Term Benefit With Dasatinib After Imatinib Failure in Chronic-Phase CML
Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib (Gleevec) can experience long-term benefit with dasatinib (Sprycel), according to results of a randomized phase III study. The CA180-034 study also found that early molecular and...
Stool Multitarget DNA Test More Sensitive, But Less Specific Than Fecal Immunochemical Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Persons at Average Risk
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Imperiale et al found that a noninvasive, multitarget stool DNA test—including assays for KRAS mutations, aberrant NDRG4 and BMP3 methylation, β-actin, and hemoglobin—was significantly more sensitive but significantly less ...
Obesity and Diabetes Have Adverse Effects on Outcomes Across Breast Tumor Types, Should Be Taken Into Account When Planning Treatment
Both obesity and diabetes have adverse effects on outcomes in breast cancer patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, according to research presented at the 9th European Breast Cancer Conference. Although a high body mass index (BMI) is known to have a negative impact on cancer development and ...
Preclinical Study Suggests Benefits of Increased Tumor Perfusion and Reduced Tumor Hypoxia With Exercise in Prostate Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, McCullough et al used an orthotopic rat model of prostate cancer to assess the effects of exercise on tumor hemodynamics and tissue hypoxia. Their findings of enhanced tumor perfusion and diminished tumor hypoxia suggest that...
Shortening of Leukocyte Telomeres Associated With Increased All-Cause and Breast Cancer–Specific Mortality in Breast Cancer Patients
Short telomeres are associated with increased risk of cancer, but data on telomere length and mortality in breast cancer survivors are inconsistent. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Duggan et al found that decreases in telomere length between baseline and 30...
Study Finds CT Scans Predict Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer
Computed tomography (CT) scans routinely taken to guide the treatment of pancreatic cancer may provide an important secondary benefit. According to new research published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation by Koay et al, the scans also reflect how well chemotherapy will penetrate the tumor,...
Higher Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Levels Associated With Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer
It is known that chronic inflammation plays a role in the development of colorectal cancer. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Mehta et al evaluated the association of the novel plasma inflammatory biomarker macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1; growth...
Lung Complications Measured by Simple Questionnaire Predict Survival in Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease
A simple questionnaire that rates breathing difficulties on a scale of 0 to 3 may be able to predict survival in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease, according to a study by Palmer et al published in Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Although a poor National Institutes of Health ...
Epigenetic Imprint of Chemotherapy Linked to Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors
Many breast cancer survivors experience fatigue and other debilitating symptoms that persist months to years after their course of treatment has ended. Now researchers at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University have found clues that may explain how these symptoms can linger. Chemotherapy...
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Linked to Other Cancers, Especially in Young Survivors
A study by Ong et al has found that people who had nonmelanoma skin cancer were at an increased risk for subsequently developing melanoma and a spectrum of 29 other cancer types. The risk was especially high among people who develop nonmelanoma skin cancer before the age of 25. The findings are...
Blood Test Could Improve Treatment for Children With Late-Stage Neuroblastoma
Research by Viprey et al has found that the detection of neuroblastoma mRNAs in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates from children diagnosed with stage IV neuroblastoma are independent predictors of event-free survival and overall survival. Their findings could help identify children with...
Study Finds Possible New Gene Target for Lung Cancer
Researchers have identified a potential new gene mutation that may drive lung cancer development and growth. In a study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation by Imielinski et al, a patient with advanced lung cancer who was found to have the ARAF S214Csomatic gene mutation achieved nearly a...
CAR T-Cell Therapy Yields Promising Complete Response Rates in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell ALL
In a recent study published in Science Translational Medicine, Davila et al found that 88% of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were treated with genetically modified versions of their own immune cells achieved overall complete response. Most...
Natural Compound Attacks HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
A common compound known to fight lymphoma and skin conditions actually has a second method of action that makes it particularly deadly against certain aggressive breast tumors, according to a study reported by Xia et al in PLOS ONE. The compound, psoralen, is a natural component found in foods such ...
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Applauds FDA's Approval of Ibrutinib for CLL
In response to FDA's approval earlier this week of ibrutinib (Imbruvica) to treat patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who had received at least one prior therapy, The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) issued the following statement: "After the FDA designated ibrutinib as a...
Researchers Discover Preleukemic Stem Cell at Root of AML Relapse
Researchers have discovered a preleukemic stem cell that may be the first step in initiating disease and also the culprit that evades therapy and triggers relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The research, published online in Nature, is a significant step forward in...
Normal Enzyme Pairs With Mutated FLT3 to Fuel AML Progression
Findings from a study by Puissant et al suggest that the wild-type form of enzyme SYK pairs with FLT3, the most commonly mutated enzyme found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), to promote progression of the cancer. The molecular partnership also promotes AML cells’ resistance to treatment with...
Study Identifies Functional Cooperative Mutations of SETD2 in the Development of Acute Leukemia
Using data from the whole-genome sequencing of a pair of 3-year-old female monozygotic twins, one healthy and one with the multilineage form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a team of scientists from China and the United States have identified a novel molecular target that could offer a new...
Promising Effects of High-Dose Parenteral Ascorbate in Ovarian Cancer
Oral ascorbate, or vitamin C, has been shown to be ineffective in cancer clinical trials. However, recent studies have indicated that millimolar concentrations of ascorbate achieved in blood and tissue with intravenous dosing is associated with cancer cell killing without harm to normal tissue. In...
Crizotinib Produces Durable Responses in Small Study of Patients With Advanced, Chemoresistant ALK-Positive Lymphoma
In a brief communication in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Passerini et al described compassionate use experience with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori) in a group of patients with chemoresistant advanced ALK-positive lymphoma. Response was observed in 10 of 11 patients, and...
Biomarker May Predict Response to Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
Among patients with advanced melanoma, presence of higher levels of the protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood was associated with poor response to treatment with the immunotherapy ipilimumab (Yervoy), according to a study by Yuan et al published in Cancer Immunology Research....
Alternative Mechanism of Action Suggested for Vemurafenib in Hairy Cell Leukemia With BRAF V600E Mutation
The finding that the BRAF V600E mutation is present in nearly all cases of hairy cell leukemia has resulted in the use of BRAF inhibitors to treat chemotherapy-resistant disease, with good responses to vemurafenib (Zelboraf) being observed. BRAF inhibition has been thought to result in...
Prostate Health Index May Provide New Tool to Identify Patients Assigned to Watchful Waiting Who Require Immediate Treatment
A simple tool called “phi” appears to be able to identify which patients assigned to active surveillance for prostate cancer are more likely to require treatment. Phi, or the prostate health index, is calculated from three serum measurements: PSA, free/total PSA, and a new measurement,...
Angiotensin System Inhibitors Improve Survival in Hypertensive Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
According to a retrospective study, the use of angiotensin system inhibitors, such as lisinopril, captopril, and losartan, improved the survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma by 9 months, compared with patients who were not receiving these types of agents. Survival was even...
Melatonin May Potentially Slow Tumor Growth in Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancers
An early-stage study shows melatonin may have the potential to help slow the growth of certain breast cancer tumors, according to researchers from Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo. The study, published online in the journal PLoS...
Intensive Follow-up Increases Surgical Treatment of Recurrence With Curative Intent in Colorectal Cancer
In a study (FACS trial) reported in JAMA, Primrose et al compared outcomes with intensive follow-up with carcinoembryonic antigen measurement (CEA), computed tomography (CT), both, or minimum follow-up after curative surgery for primary colorectal cancer. Intensive strategies resulted in a...
Superior Progression-Free Survival With Obinutuzumab/Chlorambucil vs Rituximab/Chlorambucil in Previously Untreated CLL With Coexisting Conditions
Obinutuzumab (Gazyva) is a glycoengineered type 2 anti-CD20 antibody that appears to exhibit increased activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL), with increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and reduced complement-dependent cytotoxicity, compared with rituximab (Rituxan). ...
Preclinical Study Suggests E-Cigarettes May Contribute to Lung Cancer in High-Risk Individuals
A study of human bronchial epithelial cells carrying mutations in the TP53 and KRAS genes has found that e-cigarette vapors enhanced the cells’ cancerous behaviors. The study suggests that e-cigarette exposure may contribute to lung cancer in individuals at high risk for the disease. The...
Matched-Pairs Analysis Shows Better Survival With Allogeneic Transplantation vs Conventional Chemotherapy in Postremission Therapy for AML
In a prospective matched-pairs analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stelljes et al in the German AML Cooperative Group compared outcomes with allogeneic stem cell transplantation vs conventional postremission chemotherapy in patients aged < 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia...
No Survival Difference for Autologous vs Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Chemotherapy-Sensitive Mantle Cell Lymphoma
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fenske et al compared outcomes with early or late autologous vs reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a population of patients with chemotherapy-sensitive mantle cell lymphoma. They found no...
‘Faster and Deeper Responses’ With Dasatinib vs Imatinib in Chronic-Phase CML Patients
Dasatinib (Sprycel) resulted in “faster and deeper responses” compared to imatinib (Gleevec) among patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), according to a 3-year follow-up of the randomized phase III DASISION (Dasatinib vs Imatinib Safety In...
Survival Benefit With High-Dose Cytarabine Induction in AML Patients Aged < 46 Years
In a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell’ Adulto (GIMEMA) phase III trial (AML-12) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Willemze et al compared induction regimens containing high-dose or standard-dose...
ASH 2013: Brentuximab Vedotin Shows Promising Activity in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
The antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) has shown “compelling” antitumor activity in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas who were no longer responding to treatment, in a study presented at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition...
Ibrutinib/Rituximab Combination Leads to High Response Rate Among Patients With CLL
Nearly all of the patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in a phase II clinical trial responded to treatment with the targeted therapy ibrutinib (Imbruvica) and the antibody rituximab (Rituxan), researchers reported at the 55th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting ...
Circulating Inflammation Markers Associated With Risk of Lung Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Shiels et al identified 11 circulating inflammation markers significantly associated with lung cancer risk. A risk score using four of the markers distinguished risk levels among current and former smokers. Study Details This...
Choosing Wisely® Initiative Improves Quality and Cost of Care
Five commonly used hematology tests, treatments, and procedures are not always necessary, according to the Choosing Wisely® initiative of the ABIM (American Board of Internal Medicine) Foundation. The American Society of Hematology (ASH) Choosing Wisely list of these five tests was...
Obinutuzumab/Chlorambucil Superior to Rituximab/Chlorambucil as First-Line Treatment for Older CLL Patients With Comorbidities
Obinutuzumab (Gazyva) plus chlorambucil (Leukeran) was superior to rituximab (Rituximab) plus chlorambucil as first-line therapy in older chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with comorbidities, with an acceptable safety profile, according to final results of the phase III CLL11 trial....
Successful Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Expressing T-Cell Treatment Reported in Advanced Lymphomas
Development of autologous genetically engineered anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells holds promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. CAR T cells are being studied in adult and pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemias and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and...
Graft Manipulation Improves HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Outcomes
T-cell–depleted HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be made more efficacious and safer through the removal of alpha/beta-positive T cells and CD19-positive B cells from the graft, an approach pioneered by Italian investigators who reported results at the 55th...
Vorinostat Plus Standard Immunoprophylaxis Cuts Risk of Graft-vs-Host Disease in Half
A new class of drugs reduced the risk of patients contracting a serious and often deadly side effect of bone marrow transplant treatments, according to a study by Choi et al published in The Lancet Oncology. The study, the first to test this treatment in humans, combined the drug vorinostat...
Reduced Renal Function Observed in Patients Taking Crizotinib for Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer
Patients receiving crizotinib (Xalkori) for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non?small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had reductions in their estimated glomerular filtration rate, according to the findings of a study by Brosnan et al published in the journal Cancer. In the...
Genetic Mutation May Play a Role in Worse Outcomes for Obese Prostate Cancer Patients
A study by researchers from Harvard School of Public Health, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital has found that overweight or obese men with prostate cancer whose tumors were positive for the TMPRSS2:ERG genetic mutation had more than a 50% increased risk of dying...
