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supportive care

ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update: Recommendations for Using White Blood Cell Growth Factors

ASCO has issued a clinical practice guideline update on the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors, as reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Smith et al. This update to the ASCO 2006 guideline was based on a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and ...

issues in oncology
breast cancer

Pretreatment TNF Level May Be Associated With Memory Impairment in Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer

In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Patel et al found that inflammatory cytokine levels were associated with poorer memory function in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, with higher pretreatment levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type ...

supportive care
issues in oncology

Researchers Identify Vital Gene for Preserving Gastrointestinal Health During Cancer Treatment

The stem cells in the gut divide so fast that they create a completely new population of epithelial cells every week. However, this quick cell division is also why radiation and chemotherapy wreak havoc on the gastrointestinal systems of patients with cancer, as such therapies target rapidly...

lung cancer

Fluorescent Imaging of Lung Lesions During Surgery May Localize Tumors and Improve Precision

More than 80,000 people undergo resection of a pulmonary tumor each year, and currently the only method to determine whether the tumor is malignant is histologic analysis. A new study reported that a targeted molecular contrast agent can be used successfully to render lung adenocarcinomas...

leukemia

No Difference in Overall Survival With Addition of Quinolone Derivative Vosaroxin to Cytarabine in Relapsed or Refractory AML

In a phase III VALOR trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Ravandi et al found that the addition of the quinolone derivative vosaroxin to cytarabine did not significantly improve overall survival in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, differences favoring...

solid tumors
pancreatic cancer
prostate cancer
bladder cancer

Analysis Suggests Use of Pioglitazone for Diabetes May Increase Risk of Prostate and Pancreatic Cancers But Not Bladder Cancer

Available data suggest an increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone treatment for diabetes. In an analysis of Kaiser Permanente Northern California data reported in JAMA, Lewis et al found no significantly increased risk of bladder cancer in patients with diabetes ever using pioglitazone....

issues in oncology
issues in oncology

Study Finds Underinvestment in Long-Term Cancer Research

Pharmaceutical firms underinvest in long-term research to develop new cancer-fighting drugs due to the greater time and cost required to conduct such research, according to a newly published study authored by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) economists. These findings were published by...

issues in oncology
gynecologic cancers
issues in oncology

Protein Imbalance in Akt Pathway May Trigger Cancer

Cancer can be caused solely by protein imbalance within cells, a study of ovarian cancer has found. Until now, genetic aberrations have been seen as the main cause of almost all cancer. The research, published by Timsah et al in Oncogene, demonstrates that protein imbalance is a powerful prognostic ...

gynecologic cancers

Intraperitoneal Plus Intravenous Chemotherapy—an Underused Strategy—May Improve Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

An observational study investigating the use and effectiveness of a combination regimen of intraperitoneal and intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer has found that although the dual approach substantially improved survival—81% of those treated with the...

issues in oncology
colorectal cancer

ERCC1 and Thymidylate Synthase Expression Identified as Promising Biomarkers in Metastatic Colon Cancer

Lower levels of ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) and thymidylate synthase expression may be predictive of longer survival in patients with metastatic colon cancer, according to a study by Choueiri et al in PLOS One. It was shown that patients with low levels of ERCC1 and...

breast cancer

Improved Outcomes With Aromatase Inhibitors vs Tamoxifen in Early Breast Cancer

In a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials reported in The Lancet by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), 5 years of aromatase inhibitor treatment significantly reduced the recurrence risk vs 5 years of tamoxifen therapy during the first 4 years and...

breast cancer

Adjuvant Bisphosphonates May Reduce Bone Recurrence and Breast Cancer Mortality in Postmenopausal Women

In a patient-level meta-analysis reported in The Lancet by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in early breast cancer was associated with a reduced risk of bone recurrence and breast cancer mortality, with the benefit limited to...

issues in oncology
issues in oncology
issues in oncology
issues in oncology
issues in oncology

Race and Institutional Support May Play a Role in Pharmacogenomic Trial Participation

Cancer therapy has evolved to a personalized approach, and important aspects of this method are pharmacogenomic studies that analyze associations between genetic variations and patient drug responses. Moffitt Cancer Center researchers published a study by Dressler et al in the Journal of the...

gynecologic cancers
issues in oncology
issues in oncology

Modified Mullerian-Inhibiting Substance Suppresses Growth of Some Recurrent Ovarian Tumors in Mouse Model

Use of gene therapy to deliver a protein that suppresses the development of female reproductive organs may improve the survival of patients with ovarian cancer that has recurred after chemotherapy. In a study published by Pepin et al in PNAS Early Edition, a Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)...

prostate cancer

Dose-Escalated EBRT Yields Survival Benefit in Intermediate- and High-Risk but Not Low-Risk Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer

In a retrospective study reported in JAMA Oncology, Kalbasi et al found that dose-escalated external-beam radiation therapy was associated with improved overall survival among men with intermediate- and high-risk, but not low-risk, nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Study Details The study involved...

breast cancer

Phase II Study Evaluates Neoadjuvant Eribulin vs Paclitaxel Followed by Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide in Locally Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

In a randomized phase II trial (NSABP FB9) reported in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Abraham and colleagues found no improvement in pathologic complete response rate with neoadjuvant eribulin (Halavan) vs weekly paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in women with locally...

colorectal cancer
issues in oncology

Genetic Test Predicts Colon Tumor Sensitivity to Radiation Therapy

Recent advances in the understanding of cancer have led to the development of more personalized therapies. Moffitt Cancer Center researchers have contributed to these advances by developing the first test that analyzes the sensitivity of tumors to radiation therapy. Their findings were published by ...

issues in oncology

Many Young Cancer Patients May Have Limited Awareness of Fertility Preservation Options

A new study points to the need for increased awareness of fertility preservation options for young patients with cancer. Published by Shnorhavorian et al in Cancer, the study found that factors such as gender, education, and insurance status impact whether patients and their physicians have...

breast cancer

NCIC MA.20 Trial: Addition of Regional Nodal Irradiation in Early Breast Cancer Improves Disease-Free but Not Overall Survival

In a phase III trial (National Cancer Institute of Canada [NCIC] Clinical Trials Group MA.20) reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Whelan et al found that the addition of regional nodal irradiation to whole-breast irradiation did not improve overall survival in women with node-positive...

breast cancer

EORTC Trial Shows Marginal Overall Survival and Significant Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Regional Nodal Irradiation in Early Breast Cancer

In a phase III trial conducted by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Radiation Oncology and Breast Cancer Groups, the addition of regional nodal irradiation to whole-breast or thoracic-wall irradiation after surgery produced a marginal overall survival benefit...

sarcoma

FDA Grants Orphan Drug Designation to Novel Dactinomycin Formulation for Ewing Sarcoma

The FDA has granted Orphan Drug designation to NanoSmart Pharmaceuticals’ novel formulation of dactinomycin for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma, a rare type of childhood bone cancer. The designation was granted on the basis of a plausible hypothesis that the novel formulation, which uses...

prostate cancer
issues in oncology
issues in oncology

Risk-Appropriate Therapies Now Commonplace in Prostate Cancer Treatment

After decades of overtreatment for low-risk prostate cancer and inadequate management of its more aggressive forms, patients are now more likely to receive medical care matched to level of risk, according to a study by researchers at the University of California, San...

leukemia
issues in oncology

Leukemia Renewal and Propagation Blocked by Inhibition of Surface Molecule

A new study by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, reveals a protein’s critical—and previously unknown—role in the development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The finding offers a novel target for better treating AML, and...

breast cancer

Measurement of Intracellular and Extracellular Domain-Specific HER2 Expression May Predict Increased Benefit of Adjuvant Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer

In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Carvajal-Hausdorf et al found that quantitative measurement of HER2 protein expression in intracellular and extracellular domains indicated improved disease-free survival with adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin) in breast cancer ...

issues in oncology

ASCO Statement: A Conceptual Framework to Assess the Value of Cancer Treatment Options

As reported by Schnipper et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, the ASCO Value in Cancer Care Task Force has released an ASCO statement detailing a conceptual framework to assess the value of cancer treatment options. The aim of ASCO in developing the framework is to encourage more...

skin cancer

Reduced Relapse but No Overall Survival Benefit With Adjuvant Lymph-Node Field Radiotherapy in High-Risk Melanoma

The 6-year follow-up of the phase III ANZMTG 01.02/TROG 02.01 trial, reported in The Lancet Oncology by Henderson et al, showed that adjuvant lymph-node field radiotherapy in melanoma patients with high risk of lymph-node field recurrence reduced the rate of recurrence but did not improve overall...

Study Finds Exercise in Adolescence Is Linked to Reduced Mortality From Cancer and All Causes in Later Life

A large, population-based prospective cohort study of about 75,000 women has found that adolescent exercise is associated with reduced risk of death due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes among middle-aged and older women. After adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, the...

kidney cancer
kidney cancer

Omitting Doxorubicin From Postoperative Chemotherapy Has No Significant Survival Effect in Intermediate-Risk Wilms Tumor

In a phase III noninferiority trial (SIOP WT 2001) reported in The Lancet, Pritchard-Jones et al in the SIOP (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) Renal Tumours Study Group found that omission of doxorubicin from postoperative chemotherapy for stage II to III histologic intermediate-risk...

issues in oncology

Emergency Department Febrile Neutropenia Pathway for Patients With Cancer Reduces Time to Antibiotic Administration

In a study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice, Keng et al at Cleveland Clinic found that institution of an emergency department febrile neutropenia pathway for patients with cancer reduced the time to antibiotic administration compared with historical and direct admission cohorts....

breast cancer
issues in oncology

County-Based Analysis Suggests Widespread Overdiagnosis of Breast Cancer in Mammography Screening

In a study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Harding et al found that on the county level in the United States, mammography screening for breast cancer is associated with an increase in detection of small breast cancers but no reduction in breast cancer mortality. Study Details This ecologic...

kidney cancer

FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Lenvatinib for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted lenvatinib (Lenvima) Breakthrough Therapy designation for investigational use in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were previously treated with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy. Lenvatinib...

issues in oncology
head and neck cancer
issues in oncology

Researchers Decode Molecular Action of Combination Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

In their bid to find the best combination of therapies to treat anaplastic thyroid cancer, researchers at Mayo Clinic's Florida campus demonstrated that all histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are not created equal. In testing multiple HDAC inhibitors in combination with the chemotherapy drug...

issues in oncology
multiple myeloma
issues in oncology

Poor Survival in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Linked to Genetic Variation

As part of a multi-institutional effort, researchers with Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah have found that patients with multiple myeloma with a genetic variation in the gene FOPNL die, on average, 1 to 3 years sooner than patients without it. The finding was identified with...

multiple myeloma

FDA Approves Carfilzomib Combination for Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved carfilzomib (Kyprolis) in combination with lenalidomide (Revlimid) and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma who have received one to three prior lines of therapy. The approval was based on a demonstration of ...

skin cancer

FDA Approves Sonidegib for Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sonidegib (Odomzo) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma that has recurred following surgery or radiation therapy or those who are not candidates for surgery or radiation therapy. The approval was based on...

colorectal cancer
issues in oncology

Reemergence of Racial Disparity in Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage III Colon Cancer

In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Murphy et al found that disparity in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in white vs black patients with stage III colon cancer may have recently reemerged after a trend of increasing use in both racial groups.   Changes in Use Over...

lung cancer

No Survival Benefit of Adding MET Inhibitor Tivantinib to Erlotinib in Previously Treated Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC

In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Scagliotti et al found that the addition of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor tivantinib to erlotinib (Tarceva) did not improve overall survival in previously treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous ...

issues in oncology

New Analysis Points the Way to Earlier Diagnosis of Pediatric Chest Tumors

Researchers led by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital scientists have developed new diagnostic criteria to enable clinicians to distinguish malignant cancerous chest cavity masses from those caused by fungal histoplasmosis infection. Their findings were published by Naeem et al in the...

head and neck cancer
issues in oncology

30-Year Study Shows Moderate Hormone Suppression May Be Sufficient in Thyroid Cancer

A study of long-term thyroid cancer outcomes shows, among other findings, that moderate suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone, which drives the disease, may be as beneficial as more extreme hormone suppression. Extreme thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression is associated with increased side...

multiple myeloma

T-cell Receptor Therapy Achieves Encouraging Clinical Responses in Multiple Myeloma

Results from a clinical trial investigating a new T-cell receptor therapy demonstrated a clinical response in 80% of patients with multiple myeloma who had advanced disease after undergoing autologous stem cell transplants. Researchers at Penn’s Abramson Cancer Center modified T cells to ...

issues in oncology
gynecologic cancers

New Research Uncovers Key Molecule in Ovarian Cancer

Scientists at Lawson Health Research Institute have uncovered an important new target for ovarian cancer therapy. Contrary to current research, this new study found that LKB1, a molecule that regulates the metabolism of many adult cells, is important in the cancer's promotion and survival. These...

palliative care
issues in oncology
issues in oncology
palliative care

Study Shows Palliative Chemotherapy in Patients With End-Stage Cancer Did Not Improve Quality of Life and May Be Harmful

Although palliative chemotherapy is used to improve quality of life for patients with end-stage cancer, a study evaluating its use found that palliative chemotherapy did not improve quality of life near death for patients with a moderate or poor performance status and that it worsened quality of...

skin cancer

Low Incidence of Infusion-Related Reactions Reported With 30-Minute Ipilimumab Infusion

In a single-institution study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Momtaz et al found that the rate of infusion-related reactions remained acceptably low when ipilimumab (Yervoy) 3 mg/kg was infused over 30 minutes in patients with advanced melanoma. The currently approved dose of...

colorectal cancer
issues in oncology

Study Finds One-Third of Colorectal Cancers Diagnosed Before Age 35 Are Hereditary

Although the prevalence of genetic risk factors, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, has been studied in the general population of individuals with colorectal cancer, patients diagnosed as adolescents and young adults are not well represented in colorectal cancer studies. A...

colorectal cancer

Adding Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 After Chemoradiation May Improve Pathologic Complete Response Rate in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

In a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Garcia-Aguilar et al found that adding neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 (modified fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, oxaliplatin) after chemoradiation improved the pathologic complete response rate in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing...

issues in oncology
issues in oncology

Stanford Team Links Gene Expression, Immune System With Cancer Survival Rates

Physicians have long sought a way to accurately predict cancer patients’ survival outcomes by looking at biologic details of the specific cancers they have. Now, researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have compiled a database that integrates gene expression patterns of ...

lymphoma
issues in oncology

Trial Shows Molecular Subtypes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma React Differently to Ibrutinib

A clinical trial has shown that patients with a specific molecular subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are more likely to respond to ibrutinib (Imbruvica) than patients with another molecular subtype of the disease. The study was published by Wilson et al in Nature Medicine. In this phase II...

supportive care

German Study Shows Urea Cream Better Than Antioxidant Ointment in Preventing Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome

In a phase III study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hofheinz et al found that 10% urea cream was better at preventing capecitabine-related hand-foot syndrome than a new ointment (Mapisal) available in Germany that contains several antioxidants and exhibits high radical protection....

hepatobiliary cancer

No Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Adding VEGF Inhibitor Cediranib to First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer

In a UK randomized phase II trial (ABC-03) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Valle et al found that adding the VEGF inhibitor cediranib to first-line cisplatin/gemcitabine did not improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Study Details In the double-blind...

issues in oncology
issues in oncology
gastroesophageal cancer
issues in oncology

‘Pill on a String’ Could Help Spot Early Signs of Esophageal Cancer

A “pill on a string” developed by researchers at the University of Cambridge could help doctors detect esophageal cancer at an early stage, helping them overcome the problem of wide variation between biopsies, suggests research published by Ross-Innes et al in Nature Genetics. The...

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