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Showing 17701 - 17750Cryoablation of Breast Tumors Successful in 69% of Patients With Early-Stage Disease in Phase II Trial
Cryoablation of breast tumors, which destroys lesions by exposing them to extremely low temperatures, may be a promising alternative to surgery in carefully selected women with early-stage disease, according to a study presented at the American Society of Breast Surgeons Annual Meeting in Las...
Breath Analysis Offers Noninvasive Method to Detect Early Lung Cancer
Researchers at the University of Louisville School of Medicine are using breath analysis to detect the presence of lung cancer. Preliminary data indicate that this noninvasive tool offers the sensitivity of PET scanning and has almost twice the specificity of PET for distinguishing patients with...
Anti–Interleukin-1 Alpha Antibody MABp1 Is Well Tolerated, Safe, and Active in Phase I Trial in Refractory Cancers
Expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 alpha is a very early step in the inflammatory response that characterizes the malignant phenotype and that is associated with angiogenesis, tumor invasiveness, metastasis, and cachexia. In a phase I dose-escalation study reported in The...
FDA Approves Ceritinib for Late-Stage Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted accelerated approval to ceritinib (Zykadia) for patients with a metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were previously treated with crizotinib (Xalkori). Ceritinib is an ALK tyrosine...
Severe Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer, Study Finds
A study investigating vitamin D status and prostate cancer diagnosis in high-risk men has found an association between vitamin D deficiency and aggressive prostate cancer. The study enrolled 667 men, ages 40 to 79 years, who were undergoing their first prostate biopsy following an abnormal...
Poor Quality of Life Does Not Predict Low Survival Rates in High-Risk Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery
Quality of life is rarely reported in surgical publications, yet it can be an important metric that can be of use to physicians and patients when making treatment decisions. Prior studies of average-risk patients undergoing lobectomy suggested that low baseline quality-of-life scores predict worse...
Differences in Lifestyle Habits and Poorer Adherence to Radiation Therapy in Patients With HPV-Negative vs HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Different mechanisms of carcinogenesis and molecular characteristics have been proposed for human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinomas, and better outcomes have been observed in patients with HPV-positive tumors. Some experts advocate classification of the two as...
Cumulative Risk of Breast Cancer Reaches 30% by Age 50 After Chest Irradiation for Childhood Cancer
The incidence of breast cancer in women treated with chest radiation therapy for childhood cancer previously has been estimated at 5% to 14% by age 40 years and is among the highest reported for any population. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Moskowitz et al found that the...
No Difference in Disease-Free Survival but Less Steroid Dependence With Adrenal-Sparing Surgery vs Adrenalectomy in Pheochromocytoma
Molecular diagnosis and preventive surgery have been successful in preventing medullary thyroid cancer in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome. In a retrospective population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Castinetti et al found no difference in disease-free...
Novel DNA Vaccine Generates Immunity Against Tumor Vasculature Protein in Preclinical Study
Researchers from the Abramson Cancer Center and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have employed a novel DNA vaccine that indirectly kills cancer cells by targeting a protein found in the tumor vasculature. The vaccine also indirectly creates an immune response to the ...
Sorafenib Improves Progression-Free Survival in Progressive Radioactive Iodine–Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer have a poor prognosis. In the double-blind phase III DECISION trial reported in The Lancet, Brose et al found that sorafenib (Nexavar) increased progression-free survival in this setting. The...
Tumor Regression Grading After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Carcinoma Predicts Distant Metastasis Risk and Disease-Free Survival
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fokas et al found that prospectively evaluated tumor regression grading was a significant prognostic factor for distant metastasis and disease-free survival after 132 months of follow-up in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma...
ASTRO Issues Guideline on the Role of Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Endometrial Cancer
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has issued a new guideline, “The Role of Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Endometrial Cancer: An ASTRO Evidence-Based Guideline,” that details the use of adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer. The...
FDA Approves First HPV Test for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved the first human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test that can be used as a primary cervical cancer screening test for women aged 25 years and older. The test also can provide information about the patient’s risk for developing cervical...
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Proves Effective in Women With HIV
Women infected with HIV are disproportionally affected by human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anogenital disease, particularly with increased immunosuppression. In a clinical study of 319 HIV-infected women in the United States, Brazil, and South Africa, researchers assessed the immunogenicity and...
Doxepin Rinse Reduces Radiotherapy-Associated Oral Mucositis Pain in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
In a phase III double-blind crossover trial (North Central Cancer Treatment Group [NCCTG] N09C6, Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology cooperative group) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Leenstra et al found that oral doxepin hydrochloride rinse significantly reduced...
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine Plus Pertuzumab Shows Activity and No Unexpected Toxicity in HER2-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
In a phase IIa trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Miller et al assessed combined HER2-targeted therapy with the antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) and pertuzumab (Perjeta) in women with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Pertuzumab...
Study Shows Decreasing Numbers of Colorectal Cancer Resections and Improved In-Hospital Mortality in Older Patients
Nationwide data on mortality and morbidity from colorectal cancer resections in the aging population are lacking. In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Jafari et al found that there has been an overall decrease in numbers of resections and improved in-hospital mortality in older patients, although...
Adding Everolimus to Trastuzumab/Vinorelbine Prolongs Progression-Free Survival but Increases Toxicity in Trastuzumab-Resistant Advanced Breast Cancer
Disease progression in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin) may be associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation, and use of an mTOR inhibitor might restore trastuzumab sensitivity. In the double-blind phase III BOLERO-3 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology,...
Researchers Identify Pathway That Drives Development of Cancer 'Stemness' and Drug Resistance
Most drugs used to treat lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers also promote drug resistance and ultimately spur tumor growth. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine have discovered a biomarker called CD61 on the surface of drug-resistant tumors that may be...
Interim Analysis of Phase III AVAST-M Trial Shows No Overall Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Bevacizumab vs Observation in High-Risk Melanoma
Bevacizumab has exhibited limited activity in advanced melanoma. In an interim analysis of the open-label phase III AVAST-M trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Corrie et al found that adjuvant bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence has thus far...
Gene Signatures Identified by Meta-Analysis Predict Survival and Suboptimal Debulking in Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer
As reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Riester et al have identified gene-expression signatures predictive of survival and debulking status in late-stage ovarian cancer. Study Details The study involved meta-analytic techniques using integrated data from 13 publicly...
European Phase II Study Indicates Activity of Enzalutamide in Hormone-Naive Prostate Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Tombal et al, a single-arm phase II trial of the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide (Xtandi) has shown that the agent is active in suppressing disease and well tolerated in men with hormone-naive prostate cancer. In this ongoing trial, 67 men with...
‘Too Much and Too Little Care’ in Pulmonary Nodule Evaluation
Pulmonary nodules are common and many more will be found with implementation of lung cancer screening. In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Wiener et al found that patients with pulmonary nodules were at high risk of both underevaluation and overevaluation for cancer, ...
Colonoscopy Adenoma Detection Rate Is Inversely Proportional to Risk of Interval Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Cancer Mortality
In a study of health-care organization data reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Corley et al assessed the relationship between proportion of colonoscopies performed by a gastroenterologist that detect an adenoma and risk of subsequent interval colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer...
Chronic Inflammation in Benign Prostate Tissue Is Associated With Aggressive Prostate Cancer
An analysis of prostate tissue biopsies collected from participants in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) has found that those whose benign prostate tissue had chronic inflammation had 1.78 times higher odds of having prostate cancer, and 2.24 times higher odds of having ...
FDA Approves Ofatumumab for Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved ofatumumab (Arzerra) injection in combination with chlorambucil (Leukeran) for the treatment of previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), for whom fludarabine-based therapy is considered inappropriate. Trial...
Total Parotidectomy May Benefit Patients With Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma or Malignant Melanoma With Metastasis to the Parotid Superficial Lobe
The optimal extent of surgical resection is unclear in patients with parotid superficial lobe lymph node metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. In a single-institution retrospective review reported in JAMA Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Thom et al found...
Panitumumab Not Inferior to Cetuximab in Overall Survival in Chemotherapy-Refractory Wild-Type KRAS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the open-label noninferiority phase III ASPECCT trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Price et al found that anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment with panitumumab (Vectibix) produced a noninferior overall survival outcome vs cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with chemotherapy-refractory...
Investigators Attempt to Increase Lapatinib Exposure Through Intermittent Dosing in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
HER3 links with HER2 in a reciprocal relationship including negative feedback signaling that can upregulate HER2-HER3 signaling to compensate for HER2 inhibition. This signal-buffering capacity protects HER2-HER3 against a nearly 2-log inhibition of HER2 catalytic activity. The anti-HER2 tyrosine...
Quality-of-Life Study in NCIC MAP.3 Trial Shows Limited Negative Impact of Daily Exemestane in Breast Cancer Prevention
The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 (Mammary Prevention 3) trial showed that daily exemestane treatment reduced invasive breast cancer risk by 65% among postmenopausal women. In a quality-of-life study in the MAP.3 population reported in the Journal of...
Gene Sequencing Project Discovers Mutations Tied to High-Grade Gliomas in Young Children
The St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital–Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project has identified new mutations in pediatric high-grade gliomas. The findings by Wu et al were published in Nature Genetics and may lead to improved outcomes for children with these brain...
IGH@ Translocations Are Prevalent in Teenagers and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Russell et al found that immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH@) translocations were present in a substantial proportion of younger patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including those with B-cell precursor ALL. However, IGH@...
Worse Progression-Free Survival With Addition of Cetuximab to Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Surgery for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer is associated with overall survival of approximately 40% at 5 years, and progression-free survival is increased with the addition of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU). The addition of cetuximab (Erbitux) to chemotherapy has produced a survival...
Long-Term Hormone Therapy Is Associated With Improved Survival in Women With Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer
In women with non–small cell lung cancer, long-term hormone therapy, particularly estrogen plus progesterone, is associated with improved survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Katcoff et al in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology. This finding may lead to...
Phase II Study Suggests Promise of Intermittent Chemotherapy Plus Continuous Cetuximab in Advanced KRAS Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer
In a phase II study (COIN-B) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Wasan et al examined the addition of continuous or intermittent cetuximab (Erbitux) to intermittent chemotherapy in previously untreated advanced KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer. Continuous cetuximab appeared to be associated with...
Deep, Integrated Genomic Analysis Reclassifies Lower-Grade Brain Tumors
Using comprehensive genomic analysis, researchers have sorted low-grade brain tumors into three categories, one of which has the molecular hallmarks and shortened survival of glioblastoma multiforme, the most lethal of brain tumors. The findings were reported at the American Association for Cancer...
Targeted Investigational Therapy Shows Anticancer Activity in Multiple Cancer Types
The investigational, oral drug BGJ398, which blocks the activity of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), showed promising anticancer activity in patients with various types of cancer driven by FGFR genetic alterations, according to the results of a phase I clinical trial presented at the...
Study Identifies Frequent Cause of Breast Cancer Resistance to Investigational PI3K-Alpha Inhibitor
Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN was a frequent cause of resistance to the investigational drug BYL719, which blocks the activity of the PI3K-alpha protein, in a small sample of women with breast cancer that progressed after initially responding to BYL719 treatment, according to results presented...
Crossover Trial Indicates Preference for Pazopanib Over Sunitinib in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
A crossover trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Escudier et al found that patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma preferred pazopanib (Votrient) vs sunitinib (Sutent) treatment. Study Details In the double-blind study, 168 patients with no prior systemic therapy for...
Six Months Hormonal Treatment in Addition to Radiotherapy Improves Survival for Men With Localized Prostate Cancer
Men with localized prostate cancer that is at risk of growing and spreading have a lower risk of disease progression and recurrence if they are treated with radiotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy, according to new research. The findings, which were presented at the 33rd Conference...
Preclinical Study Identifies Potential New Approach to Overcome Breast Cancer Resistance to HER2-Targeted Therapies
Resistance to a combination of HER2-targeted therapies, trastuzumab (Herceptin) and lapatinib (Tykerb), was associated with elevated activation of a group of proteins called fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), which are the target of a number of drugs currently being developed, according to ...
Study Identifies Potential Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated With MK-3475
Among patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with the investigational immune checkpoint inhibitor MK-3475, those whose tumors had high levels of the protein PD-L1 had significantly better outcomes, according to results of a phase I clinical trial presented at the American...
Investigational Bromodomain Inhibitor Shows Clinical Activity in Some Blood Cancers
The results from a phase I study of a new investigational epigenetic therapy called OTX015, a small-molecule inhibitor that blocks the activity of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET)-bromodomain proteins, is showing clinical activity in some blood cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. The study ...
Prognosis of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer Varies According to Tumor Site
Patients with cancer of the throat and who are positive for the human papillomavirus (HPV) have a good prognosis, but until now the effect of being HPV-positive on the prognosis of tumors located elsewhere in the head and neck was unknown. A new study presented at the 33rd Conference of the...
Phase I Trial of New Antibody-Drug Conjugate Shows Promise Against All Forms of Melanoma
A small clinical study of a new investigational antibody-drug conjugate called DEDN6526A in patients with metastatic or unresectable cutaneous, mucosal, or ocular melanoma has found the drug to be safe and tolerable and demonstrated early evidence of antitumor activity. The findings were presented...
New Test Developed to Detect Men at High Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence
A new genetic signature to identify prostate cancer patients who are at high risk of their cancer recurring after surgery or radiotherapy has been developed by researchers in Canada, according to a study presented at the 33rd Conference of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology in...
I-SPY 2 Results Identify Subset of Breast Cancer Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Neratinib
Findings from the I-SPY 2 randomized phase II clinical trial for women with newly diagnosed stage II breast cancer show that a neoadjuvant regimen containing the investigational drug neratinib, a pan-HER inhibitor, and standard chemotherapy is beneficial for patients with hormone...
Investigational Drug Demonstrates Early Promise in Metastatic Breast Cancer
The novel oral drug LY2835219, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6, showed early promise as monotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer, particularly for those with hormone receptor–positive disease, according to results of a phase I study presented at the...
Biomarker Identifies Melanoma Patients Who May Respond to Immunotherapy MK-3475
Among melanoma patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor MK-3475, those whose tumors had the protein PD-L1 had better immune responses and higher survival rates, according to results presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2014 in San Diego. When the protein...
