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Showing 16551 - 16600Study Finds CT Scans Predict Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer
Computed tomography (CT) scans routinely taken to guide the treatment of pancreatic cancer may provide an important secondary benefit. According to new research published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation by Koay et al, the scans also reflect how well chemotherapy will penetrate the tumor,...
Study Examines Gene Expression of Adjacent Airway Field Cancerization in NSCLC
Seemingly healthy cells may in fact hide clues that lung cancer will later develop, according to a study led by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The research is published online in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Examination of gene expression in...
Pilot Study Shows Decision Aid Helps in Decision-Making Regarding Mammography Screening in Women Aged ≥ 75 Years
Although it is recommended that women aged ≥ 75 years be informed of the benefits and risks of mammography before being screened, it appears that this is not common practice. As reported in JAMA Internal Medicine by Schonberg et al, a decision aid developed by the investigators helped improved...
Erlotinib Plus Cisplatin-Based Chemoradiation May Prolong Survival of Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
A new clinical study has found that erlotinib (Tarceva) has promising potential to improve treatment for cervical cancer. Published in Cancer, the findings by Nogueira-Rodrigues et al indicate that larger trials are warranted to determine whether the drug should become part of standard therapy for...
IDH1-Mutant Malignant Astrocytomas May Be More Amenable to Surgical Resection and Linked to Better Prognosis
IDH1 mutation in patients with malignant astrocytomas may serve as a predictive molecular biomarker to guide aggressive surgical resection, according to the results of a study reported by Beiko et al in Neuro-Oncology. Maximal surgical resection may contribute a survival benefit in those who have...
Lung Complications Measured by Simple Questionnaire Predict Survival in Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease
A simple questionnaire that rates breathing difficulties on a scale of 0 to 3 may be able to predict survival in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease, according to a study by Palmer et al published in Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Although a poor National Institutes of Health ...
No Benefit of Early Zoledronic Acid in Reducing Skeletal-Related Events in Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastases
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Smith et al, the double-blind phase III Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9020/Alliance trial assessed the effect of early initiation of zoledronic acid in reducing risk of skeletal-related events in men with castration-sensitive prostate cancer. ...
Epigenetic Imprint of Chemotherapy Linked to Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors
Many breast cancer survivors experience fatigue and other debilitating symptoms that persist months to years after their course of treatment has ended. Now researchers at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University have found clues that may explain how these symptoms can linger. Chemotherapy...
Novel Cancer Vaccine Shows Promise in Ovarian Cancer and Mesothelioma
A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy may provide a new and cost-effective strategy against ovarian cancer and mesothelioma. In a study published in the Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Yuan et al reported that a fusion protein engineered to combine a molecule targeting a tumor-cell-surface ...
Common Cancers Evade Detection by Silencing Parts of Immune System Cells, Study Finds
Immunotherapy for ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancer has so far had limited success, primarily because the immune system often can’t destroy the cancer cells. According to a report published in Oncotarget, researchers at Johns Hopkins have identified genes that have been repressed through ...
Blood Test Could Improve Treatment for Children With Late-Stage Neuroblastoma
Research by Viprey et al has found that the detection of neuroblastoma mRNAs in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates from children diagnosed with stage IV neuroblastoma are independent predictors of event-free survival and overall survival. Their findings could help identify children with...
BPA Exposure May Be Linked to Prostate Cancer, Study Shows
A new study suggests that levels of bisphenola A (BPA) in men’s urine may be a marker of prostate cancer and that low levels of BPA exposure can cause cellular changes in both nonmalignant and malignant prostate cells. The research, published in PLOS ONE, provides the first evidence that...
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Reduces PEG Tube Dependence and Severe Skin and Mucous Membrane Toxicity in Oropharyngeal Cancer
In a single-center experience reported in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lohia et al found that intensity-modulated radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer reduces percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube dependence and severe skin and mucous membrane toxicity compared with...
Study Finds Possible New Gene Target for Lung Cancer
Researchers have identified a potential new gene mutation that may drive lung cancer development and growth. In a study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation by Imielinski et al, a patient with advanced lung cancer who was found to have the ARAF S214Csomatic gene mutation achieved nearly a...
African Americans Have Higher Prevalence of Multiple Myeloma Precursor Than Whites and Hispanics
A large population-based study by Landgren et al has found that African Americans are more likely to have a higher prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor to the development of multiple myeloma, compared with whites or Hispanics. The study is published...
Robotic-Assisted Prostate Surgery May Offer Better Cancer Control Than Open Radical Prostatectomy
An observational study from UCLA’s Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center comparing robotic-assisted surgery to traditional surgery for prostate cancer found that patients who had robotic surgery had fewer instances of cancer cells remaining after surgery and less need of additional cancer...
Tumor Protein Predicts Response to Chemotherapy in Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Patients with the most common type of esophageal cancer are less likely to respond to chemotherapy when their tumors are high in a protein called leptin, according to a study by Bain et al published in the British Journal of Cancer. Study Details Researchers from the University of Aberdeen...
Selenium and Vitamin E Supplements May Increase Risk of Prostate Cancer in Some Men
A multicenter study led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has found that high-dose supplementation with both the trace element selenium and vitamin E may increase the risk of high-grade prostate cancer. This risk is dependent upon a man’s selenium status prior to taking the...
Large Study Shows Preventive Ovarian Surgery in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Should Be Performed Early for Greatest Benefit
The findings of a large international prospective study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Finch et al suggest for the first time that women with BRCA1 mutations should have prophylactic oophorectomy by age 35, as waiting until a later age appears to increase the risk of ovarian...
Methotrexate-Induced Neurotoxicity Does Not Preclude Rechallenge in Children With ALL
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bhojwani et al from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital assessed clinical, pharmacokinetic, and genetic risk factors for methotrexate-related clinical neurotoxicity and asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy in children with acute...
Hormone Therapy Associated With Improved Survival in Women With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Survival among people with lung cancer has been better for women than men, and the findings of a recent study indicate that female hormones may be a factor in this difference. The combination of estrogen plus progesterone and the use of long-term hormone therapy were associated with the most...
Final Report From Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Supports Sentinel-Node Biopsy for Thick and Intermediate-Thickness Melanomas
The 10-year follow-up of the Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT), reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Morton et al in the MSLT Group, provides support for use of sentinel-node biopsy for thick melanomas, as well as for intermediate-thickness melanomas. Current...
No Progression-Free Survival Difference for Dovitinib vs Sorafenib in Third-Line Targeted Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway activation may be a mechanism of escape from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapies. In a phase III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Motzer et al compared the VEGF and FGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor dovitinib vs sorafenib...
Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients Report Benefit in Salivary Function With Reduction of Radiation Dose to Bilateral Submandibular Lymph Nodes
For head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, a reduction in the amount of radiation treatment volume to the submandibular (level IB) lymph nodes resulted in better patient-reported salivary function, according to research presented today at the 2014 Multidisciplinary Head and...
Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer Report Decreased Quality of Voice and Speech After Treatment
Patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy reported a decrease in their voice and speech quality for up to 1 year after the completion of treatment, according to research presented today at the 2014 Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Symposium....
Avoiding Radiation to Major Salivary Glands in Head and Neck Cancer Is Safe and Improves Quality of Life
New research is showing that sparing the contralateral submandibular gland during radiation therapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer is technically feasible and safe even in advanced-stage, node-positive disease and base-of-tongue lesions. Limiting radiation to these major...
Proteomic Mucin Profiling More Accurate Than Cytology and CEA in Identifying Cystic Precursors of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cystic lesions are frequently detected radiologic incidentalomas, a considerable proportion of which are pancreatic cancer precursors. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Jabbar et al found that proteomic mucin profiling of cyst fluid was more accurate...
Study Finds Combining a Novel Biomarker With HPV Status Predicts Patient Outcome in Head and Neck Cancer
Using next-generation sequencing and the clinical data of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, researchers found that combining mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity as a biomarker with patients’ human papillomavirus (HPV) status provides a reliable predictor of patient survival....
Distant Metastases Occur Later and in More Subsites in Patients With HPV-Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx
Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx had a longer time to development of distant metastasis after initial treatment, and had more metastatic sites in more atypical locations compared to HPV-negative patients, according to research presented...
New Finding Points to Potential Options for Targeting Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
New research from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center and Georgia Regents University has found that a protein that regulates an inflammatory pathway does not turn off in breast cancer, resulting in an increase in cancer stem cells. This finding may provide a potential target for...
Rituximab Active in Nodular Lymphocyte–Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Mature results of a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Advani et al indicate that rituximab (Rituxan) is active in nodular lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, which is characterized by expression of CD20 by malignant cells. Most patients relapsed, but durable...
Researchers Discover Preleukemic Stem Cell at Root of AML Relapse
Researchers have discovered a preleukemic stem cell that may be the first step in initiating disease and also the culprit that evades therapy and triggers relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The research, published online in Nature, is a significant step forward in...
No Difference in Recurrence After 5 Years With or Without Radiotherapy Following Sector Resection in Stage I Breast Cancer
The 20-year follow-up of the Swedish Uppsala/Örebro trial, reported by Wickberg et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, shows that improved control of recurrence over 5 years with radiotherapy after sector resection in patients with stage I breast cancer is followed by similar...
Normal Enzyme Pairs With Mutated FLT3 to Fuel AML Progression
Findings from a study by Puissant et al suggest that the wild-type form of enzyme SYK pairs with FLT3, the most commonly mutated enzyme found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), to promote progression of the cancer. The molecular partnership also promotes AML cells’ resistance to treatment with...
FDA Approves Ibrutinib for the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today expanded the approved use of ibrutinib (Imbruvica) for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have received at least one previous therapy. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was previously...
Study Identifies Possible Genetic Markers in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Scientists from the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) have uncovered the possible genetic origins of breast cancers that metastasize to the brain. The compendium of new genetic targets may be be used to identify potential methods of diagnosis and novel therapeutics for patients with...
SSO-ASTRO Consensus Guideline: Margins Wider Than 'No Ink on Tumor' Do Not Further Reduce Risk of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence
The Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) and American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) formed a multidisciplinary expert panel in 2013 to examine the relationship between surgical margin width and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and develop guidelines on margins for breast-conserving...
Researchers Identify Biomarker for Noncancerous Pancreatic Cysts
Researchers at the Indiana University School of Medicine have discovered a highly accurate, noninvasive test to identify benign pancreatic cysts, which could spare patients the cost and risk of surveillance or potentially dangerous surgical intervention. The findings are reported in the Journal of...
MicroRNA-181a Shows Promise as a Biomarker for Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer
In patients with late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, high levels of microRNA-181a may be predictive of chemotherapy resistance and disease progression, according to the results of a study reported by Parikh et al in Nature Communications. Thus, microRNA-181a may serve as a biomarker for prognosis ...
Study Identifies Functional Cooperative Mutations of SETD2 in the Development of Acute Leukemia
Using data from the whole-genome sequencing of a pair of 3-year-old female monozygotic twins, one healthy and one with the multilineage form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a team of scientists from China and the United States have identified a novel molecular target that could offer a new...
PTX3 Haplotype in Donors Increases Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis in Stem Cell Transplantation
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Cunha et al found that receipt of a stem cell transplant from donors with a homozygous haplotype (h2/h2, G-A/G-A) in PTX3, the gene encoding the soluble pattern-recognition receptor pentraxin 3 (PTX3), is associated with significantly...
Brachytherapy Offers Lower Rate of Breast Preservation vs Standard Radiation for Older Women With Breast Cancer
When comparing treatments designed to enable long-term breast preservation for older women with invasive breast cancer, researchers found those treated with brachytherapy were at higher risk for a later mastectomy, compared to women treated with standard radiation therapy. The findings, published...
Newly Created Risk Stratification Database Aids in Predicting Outcomes in Prostate Cancer
The pan-Canadian Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification database was created to report on the patient, tumor, and treatment factors that were predictive of biochemical and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Risk stratification in the management of those with...
Optimized Radiation Treatment Schedule for Glioblastoma May Extend Survival
An altered radiation treatment schedule for glioblastoma, the most common and lethal form of brain cancer, extended the survival period of mice with the disease, according to a new study published in Cell. Because the research involved mice, the study does not recommend a specific new schedule for...
Expressive Writing Improves Symptoms and Physical Function in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma
In a trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Milbury et al compared cancer symptoms, physical and mental function, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and sleep outcomes after sessions of expressive writing about cancer vs writing about neutral topics in patients with renal cell carcinoma....
Unfavorable Prognosis in Advanced Serous Ovarian Cancer May Be Linked to Estrogen Receptor Beta Isoform
Anomalies in the cytoplasmic expression of estrogen receptor beta 2 appear to be associated with poorer outcomes in patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer, according to the results of a study reported by Ciucci et al in Gynecologic Oncology. This isoform may represent an independent...
Biomarker May Predict Response to Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
Among patients with advanced melanoma, presence of higher levels of the protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood was associated with poor response to treatment with the immunotherapy ipilimumab (Yervoy), according to a study by Yuan et al published in Cancer Immunology Research....
Potential Therapeutic Role for Aspirin in the Management of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma
In patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma, aspirin may be of benefit in minimizing tumor growth, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Kandathil et al in Otology and Neurotology. This finding may eliminate the need for invasive therapy and may complement existing...
Yoga Improves Inflammation, Fatigue, and Vitality in Breast Cancer Survivors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kiecolt-Glaser et al found that yoga reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and fatigue and increased vitality in breast cancer survivors. Study Details In the study, 200 women with stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer who had completed...
Higher Dietary Lycopene Intake Associated With Reduced Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer and Reduced Tumor Angiogenesis
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Zu et al found that higher dietary lycopene intake was associated with reduced risk of lethal prostate cancer and reduced tumor angiogenesis. Lycopene-rich foods include tomatoes and tomato-based products. Study Details The...
