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Showing 15001 - 15050Low Incidence of Colorectal Cancer, Elevated Rate of Postprocedure Hospitalization in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surveillance Colonoscopy
In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Tran et al found a low rate of colorectal cancer and a relatively high rate of postprocedure hospitalization in elderly patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. Study Details The study involved patients aged ≥ 50 years...
ICML Imaging Working Group Issues Updated Guidelines on PET-CT for Staging and Response Assessment for FDG-Avid Lymphomas
Barrington et al in the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group have presented updated consensus guidelines on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) for staging and response assessment for FDG-avid lymphomas. The...
More Than 50% of Older, Sick Adults Receive Cancer Screenings Unlikely to Provide Benefit
Despite updates on cancer screening guidelines from several medical societies—including ASCO, the American Cancer Society, the American Urological Association, the American College of Physicians, as well as the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force—which use life expectancy and/or age as...
Analysis of Randomized Bisphosphonate Osteoporosis Trials Indicates No Reduction in Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Observational studies have suggested a potential effect of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis in reducing risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, an analysis of the randomized FIT trial of alendronate and HORIZON-PFT trial of zoledronic acid reported in JAMA Internal Medicine ...
NeoALTTO Trial Shows No Benefit of Lapatinib Plus Trastuzumab in Secondary Survival Endpoints in HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer
The phase III NeoALTTO trial showed a significantly improved pathologic complete response rate with lapatinib (Tykerb) plus trastuzumab (Herceptin) vs either alone in women with HER2-positive early breast cancer. As reported in The Lancet Oncology by de Azambuja et al, the combination was not...
ALK-Positivity Prevalence on Immunohistochemistry and FISH in Resected Stage I to III Lung Adenocarcinoma
The European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape ALK project is investigating the prevalence and prognostic impact of ALK-positivity in resected lung adenocarcinoma in a primarily European population. As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Blackhall and colleagues, the project has...
FDA Approves Bevacizumab for Aggressive and Late-Stage Cervical Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab (Avastin) for the treatment of persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. The new indication is approved for use in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin or paclitaxel and topotecan. The FDA ...
Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Lung Adenocarcinoma
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network has recently reported its comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma in Nature. Findings included a high rate of somatic mutations including alterations in tumor-suppressor genes, chromatin-modifying genes, and RNA-splicing genes and suggested...
NSAID Use May Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence in Overweight and Obese Women
Obesity is associated with a worse breast cancer prognosis and elevated levels of inflammation, including greater cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity in adipose-infiltrating macrophages. Data from a new study finds that overweight and obese women who regularly used aspirin or other...
No Difference in Response Rate but Overall Survival Benefit With First-Line FOLFIRI/Cetuximab vs FOLFIRI/Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a European phase III FIRE-3 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Heinemann et al found no difference in response rate, the primary endpoint, between FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (Erbitux) vs FOLFIRI plus the anti-VEGF-A antibody...
Successful Vemurafenib Treatment of Progressive BRAF V600E–Mutated Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) is approved for treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. There are reports indicating that vemurafenib may be active in the treatment of intracranial neoplasms with BRAF mutations. As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lee et al from...
FDA Approves First Noninvasive DNA Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved Cologuard, the first stool-based colorectal screening test that detects the presence of red blood cells and DNA mutations that may indicate the presence of certain kinds of abnormal growths that may be cancers such as colon cancer or...
Phase II Study Supports Further Investigation of Neoadjuvant Carboplatin in Stage II to III Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
In the phase II Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 40603/Alliance trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sikov et al found that the addition of carboplatin or bevacizumab (Avastin) to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathologic complete response rate in...
Adding Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin to Chemotherapy Improves Event-Free Survival but Not Overall Survival in Children and Adolescents With De Novo AML
In a Children’s Oncology Group phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gamis et al found that the addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), an immunoconjugate targeting CD33, resulted in significantly prolonged event-free survival but not overall survival when added...
Past Exposure to Thiopurines Associated With Increased Risk of Myeloid Disorders in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Past exposure to immunosuppressive drugs called thiopurines has been found to increase the risk of myeloid disorders, such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The findings were reported by Lopez et al in Clinical...
No Difference in Complication Rates or Hospital Stay With Robot-Assisted vs Open-Surgery Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer
In a trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Bochner et al found no difference in complication rates or length of hospital stay with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy vs open surgery in patients with bladder cancer. Blood loss was greater and procedure time shorter with...
Renowned Pathologist Emmanuel Farber, MD, PhD, Dies
Cancer research lost a pioneer on August 3, 2014, with the passing of Emmanuel Farber, MD, PhD, a renowned pathologist who made fundamental contributions to our understanding of chemical carcinogenesis. Dr. Farber’s studies in experimental pathology demonstrated that chemical carcinogens are...
Significant Variation in Use of Single-Fraction Radiation Therapy for Palliation of Bone Metastases
Standardizing prescribing practices for single-fraction radiation therapy for palliation of bone metastases could lead to cost savings and improvement in patients’ quality of life, according to a study published in the August issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology •...
Taiwanese Study Shows Increased Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients With Diabetes
In a Taiwanese retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Tseng et al found that diabetes was associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer, including increased risk of oral cavity, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Study Details...
Blood and Saliva Tests Help Predict Recurrence of HPV-Related Oral Cancer
Physicians at Johns Hopkins have developed blood and saliva tests that help accurately predict recurrences of HPV-linked oral cancers in a substantial number of patients. The tests screen for DNA fragments of the human papillomavirus (HPV) shed from cancer cells lingering in the mouth or other...
High Prevalence of and Shorter Survival With MYD88 Mutation in Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg-Type
The activating mutation MYD88 L265P has been reported in approximately two-thirds of cases of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type. In a French retrospective analysis reported in JAMA Dermatology, Pham-Ledard et al confirmed the high prevalence of the mutation and documented...
PIK3CA Mutation Does Not Predict Outcome in Patients With Luminal Breast Cancer Receiving Endocrine Therapy
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sabine et al found that PIK3CA mutation was not an independent predictor of distant relapse-free survival among postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy in the TEAM (Exemestane...
Phase II Trial Shows Activity of Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin in Treatment of Advanced, Persistent, or Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma
In a phase II Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Miller et al found that the combination of pemetrexed (Alimta) and cisplatin produced responses in the treatment of advanced, persistent, or recurrent cervical cancer. In the study, 54 patients from...
Musculoskeletal Pain May Be Sign of Potential Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Withdrawal Syndrome in CML
In a letter to the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Richter et al describe a potential tyrosine kinase inhibitor withdrawal syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal pain after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Onset After Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor...
Adults With Exclusively Pulmonary Metastases From Ewing Sarcoma May Benefit From Whole-Lung Irradiation
Nearly half of adult patients with lung-only metastases from Ewing sarcoma who received whole-lung irradiation were free of pulmonary relapse at 3 years, according to the results of a retrospective study in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics. With few...
Anti–IL-6 Antibody Siltuximab Produces Durable Responses in Multicentric Castleman's Disease
Multicentric Castleman’s disease is characterized by overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6). In a trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, van Rhee et al found that the anti–IL-6 antibody siltuximab (Sylvant) produced a significantly better response rate vs placebo in patients with the...
African Americans More Likely Than Whites to Receive Analgesic With Toxic Metabolite for Cancer Pain
A study reported by Meghani et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology showed that African American patients with cancer pain are more likely than white patients to receive morphine, with its known 3- and 6-glucuronide neurotoxic metabolites, despite their higher reported risk for chronic kidney...
Phase Ib Study Shows Activity of Ibrutinib Plus R-CHOP in First-Line Treatment of CD20-Positive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
The oral Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) has shown activity in relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies. In a phase Ib trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Younes et al identified no maximum tolerated dose of ibrutinib when combined with R-CHOP (rituximab [Rituxan],...
Promising Phase Ib Findings With Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition With Vemurafenib and Cobimetinib in Advanced BRAF V600–Mutant Melanoma
In a phase Ib study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Ribas et al found that the combination of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) and the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib was safe and active in the treatment of advanced BRAF V600–mutant melanoma. Preclinical studies have shown that the...
First Surveillance Imaging at 6 Months May Be Adequate for Most Patients After Treatment for Early-Stage Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer
Early surveillance imaging (< 6 months) after stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seems to be of limited benefit, resulting in definitive intervention in only 3% of patients, according to the findings of a study in Practical Radiation...
Phase II Trial Supports Use of First-Line Sunitinib vs Everolimus in Sequential Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
As reported by Motzer et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, the randomized phase II RECORD-3 trial showed that first-line use of everolimus did not achieve noninferiority in progression-free survival vs sunitinib (Sutent) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving sequential...
Adding Induction Chemotherapy to Chemoradiotherapy Does Not Improve Survival in Patients With N2 or N3 Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cohen et al found that induction chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival vs chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The study...
Statin Use Associated With Decreased Risk of Barrett's Esophagus
Statin use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing Barrett’s esophagus, according to a new study by Nguyen et al in Gastroenterology. Obese patients experienced the greatest level of risk reduction with statin use. While statins have been associated with a reduced risk...
Adaptive Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Strategy May Ensure Adequate Target Coverage in Patients With Cervical Cancer
A novel, dosimetry-triggered, adaptive intensity-modulated radiation therapy strategy for patients with cervical cancer may minimize the risk of target underdosing in the setting of very small margins and substantial interfractional motion, according to a study by Lim et al in the International...
Dutch Phase II Study Supports Phase III Evaluation of Bevacizumab Plus Lomustine, but Not Bevacizumab Alone, in Recurrent Glioblastoma
Bevacizumab (Avastin) is frequently used in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, although it is unclear whether responses observed with such treatment result in improved overall survival. In the phase II Dutch BELOB study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Taal et al found that overall survival...
Study Defines Four Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer
Investigators of The Cancer Genome Atlas project have developed a molecular classification that divides gastric cancer into four major genomic subtypes, according to a study published in Nature. They include (1) tumors positive for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that display recurrent PIK3CA...
Corticosteroids Improve Fatigue, Appetite Loss, and Patient Satisfaction but Not Pain in Opioid-Treated Advanced Cancer Patients, Small Study Shows
In a small Norwegian study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Paulsen et al found that methylprednisolone treatment improved fatigue, appetite loss, and patient satisfaction but not pain in patients with advanced cancer receiving opioid treatment for pain. Study Details In the study,...
Anti–PD-1 Antibody Pembrolizumab Shows Activity and Good Tolerability in Ipilimumab-Refractory Advanced Melanoma
As reported in The Lancet by Robert et al, the anti–programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab produced responses and was well tolerated at two dose levels in an expansion cohort of a phase I trial in patients with ipilimumab (Yervoy)-refractory advanced melanoma. In this...
FDA Grants Bevacizumab Priority Review for Recurrent Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted Genentech’s supplemental Biologics License Application and granted Priority Review for bevacizumab (Avastin) plus chemotherapy for the treatment of women with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. “The majority of women...
No Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid in High-Risk Patients With Early Breast Cancer
In the open-label phase III AZURE trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Coleman et al found that adjuvant zoledronic acid treatment in patients with high-risk early-stage breast cancer provided no overall disease-free survival benefit. A reduction in bone metastases was observed, and women who...
Integrated Safety Analysis Shows Favorable Safety Profile of Single-Agent Trastuzumab Emtansine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
The antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) is currently indicated in the United States for treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who previously received trastuzumab (Herceptin) and a taxane and who have either received prior therapy for metastatic...
Negative HPV Screening Test Result Is a Better Predictor of Cervical Cancer Risk Than a Negative Pap Test Result
A study by investigators at the National Cancer Institute of more than 1 million women has found that a negative test for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a more reliable predictor of the risk of developing cervical cancer than a negative Pap test. The findings suggest that primary HPV...
Higher Marrow Levels of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Naive T Cells in Unrelated Donors Associated With Increased Survival in Stem Cell Transplant
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Waller et al found that higher marrow graft, but not peripheral blood graft, levels of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and naive CD4-positive and CD8-positive T cells in unrelated donors were associated with increased overall survival in...
Improved Survival in Hematologic Malignancies in Europe Between 1997 and 2008
As reported by Sant et al in The Lancet Oncology, the population based EUROCARE-5 study has shown significantly improved survival in hematologic malignancies in Europe between 1997 and 2008. Although improved, survival was poorer in Eastern Europe compared with other regions. Study Details This...
Two Common Gene Variants Associated With Longer Telomere Length May Increase the Risk of Glioma
Two common gene variants that lead to longer telomere length may increase the risk of glioma, according to the results of a study presented by Walsh et al in Nature Genetics. This finding suggests that telomere length may prove to be a promising epidemiologic risk factor for cancer. It is well...
No Clinical Outcome Benefit With Aerobic Training Program in Cancer Patients With Heart Failure
In a retrospective analysis in the HF-ACTION trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jones et al found that a program of aerobic training did not reduce the rate of all-cause mortality or hospitalization in cancer patients with heart failure. Some evidence suggested that patients who...
Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone Induction and Consolidation Effective in Multiple Myeloma in French Phase II Trial
In a phase II Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM) trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Roussel et al, induction and consolidation treatment with RVD (lenalidomide [Revlimid], bortezomib [Velcade], and dexamethasone) followed by lenalidomide maintenance was associated...
Adjuvant Chemoradiation With Docetaxel Plus Cetuximab Shows Promise in High-Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
In the phase II Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)-0234 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Harari et al found that adjuvant chemoradiation with docetaxel or cisplatin plus cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and high-risk...
FDA Grants Bevacizumab Priority Review for Certain Types of Cervical Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted Genentech’s supplemental Biologics License Application and granted Priority Review for bevacizumab (Avastin) plus chemotherapy in the treatment of women with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. The designation...
New Androgen Receptor Inhibitor Shows Activity in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
ODM-201 is a novel androgen receptor inhibitor—structurally distinct from enzalutamide (Xtandi)—that acts via high-affinity binding to the androgen receptor and inhibition of receptor nuclear translocation. In the phase I/II ARADES trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Fizazi et al...
