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Showing 7701 - 7750LAT Inhibition May Be a New Therapeutic Option for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
L-type amino acid transporters (LAT) uptake neutral amino acids including L-leucine into cells, stimulating mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and protein synthesis. LAT1 and LAT3 are overexpressed at different stages of prostate cancer and are involved in increasing nutrients and stimulating cell...
Similar High Complete Response Rate With Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab, Lapatinib, and Combined Therapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
In a phase III trial (NSABP B-41) performed to assess the potential benefit of neoadjuvant dual HER2 blockade in HER2-positive breast cancer, André Robidoux, MD, of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and colleagues in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and...
No Additional Benefit of Venlafaxine or Soy Protein vs Placebo on Hot Flashes in Men With Prostate Cancer
Hot flashes occur in approximately 80% of androgen-deprived men. In a randomized study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Mara Z. Vitolins, DrPH, MPH, RD, of Wake Forest School of Medicine, and colleagues, neither venlafaxine nor soy protein—both of which have been used to...
Promising Outcomes With R-MPV Followed by Consolidation Reduced-Dose Whole-Brain Radiotherapy and Cytarabine in Newly Diagnosed Primary CNS Lymphoma
In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Patrick G. Morris, MD, of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and colleagues assessed the efficacy of rituximab (Rituxan), methotrexate, procarbazine (Matulane), and vincristine (R-MPV) followed by consolidation reduced-dose ...
Women With Lower Pretreatment Estrogen Levels at Greater Risk of Breast Cancer During Estrogen-Plus-Progestin Therapy
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ghada N. Farhat, PhD, of University of Balamand in Beirut, and colleagues found that women with lower pretreatment endogenous estrogen levels are at greatest risk of breast cancer during estrogen-plus-progestin therapy. Study...
Outcome Improved in MET-Positive and Worsened in MET-Negative NSCLC With Addition of Onartuzumab to Erlotinib in Phase II Trial
In patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), increased hepatocyte growth factor/MET signaling is associated with poor prognosis and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted treatment. In a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, David R. Spigel, MD, of Sarah...
PAM50 Risk of Recurrence Score Provides Strongest Prognostic Information for Risk Beyond 5 Years in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Adjuvant endocrine therapy beyond 5 years reduces recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Recent studies from the transATAC cohort have shown that immunohistochemical markers (IHC4), Oncotype DX recurrence score, and PAM50 risk of recurrence score are associated...
Substantial Proportion of Older Patients Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy Experience Functional Decline
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stéphanie Hoppe, PhD, of Institut Bergonié in Bordeaux, France, and colleagues assessed functional status in older patients with cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. Clinically...
Etirinotecan Pegol Active in Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Breast Cancer
Etirinotecan pegol is a topoisomerase-I inhibitor designed to provide prolonged tumor cell exposure to the active metabolite of irinotecan. In a phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Ahmad Awada, MD, of Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, and colleagues examined...
ACOSOG Z1071 Trial Does Not Support Sentinel Lymph Node Surgery Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Node-Positive cN1 Breast Cancer
Sentinel lymph node surgery provides reliable nodal staging information and is associated with less morbidity than axillary lymph node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer. The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z1071 (Alliance) trial examined the...
Study Identifies Prognostic DNA Methylation Signature for Stage I NSCLC
There is an absence of biomarkers to indicate which patients with stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) would best benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Juan Sandoval, PhD, of the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute in...
Everolimus Does Not Improve Overall Survival in Previously Treated Advanced Gastric Cancer
In a phase III trial (GRANITE-1 study) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Atsushi Ohtsu, MD, PhD, of the National Cancer Center Hospital East in Kashiwa, Japan, and colleagues, everolimus (Afinitor) plus best supportive care did not prolong overall survival compared with placebo plus best...
PIK3CA Mutation Predictive of Relapse-Free Survival Benefit of Aspirin in Colorectal Cancer
Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin have been shown to be protective against colorectal cancer and are associated with reduced disease recurrence and improved outcome, they are also associated with toxicities that limit their use in therapy. Recent data suggest that the...
Study Assesses Frequency of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With AML in First Complete Remission
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Raya Mawad, MD, of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and colleagues assessed the frequency of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission at their institution and...
Radiotherapy After Local Excision for DCIS Reduces Long-Term Risk of Local Recurrence
As reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mila Donker, MD, of the Netherlands Cancer Institute, and colleagues analyzed the effects of adjuvant radiotherapy after local excision for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on long-term risk for local recurrence and survival in patients from the EORTC...
Etirinotecan Pegol Shows Activity in Recurrent Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Etirinotecan pegol is a topoisomerase-I inhibitor that prolongs systemic exposure to the active metabolite of irinotecan. In a phase II trial reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ignace B. Vergote, MD, PhD, of University Hospital Leuven in Belgium, and colleagues found that the agent produced...
Poorer Overall Survival With Sunitinib vs Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer
In an open-label phase III superiority/noninferiority trial reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Ann-Lii Cheng, MD, of National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, sunitinib (Sutent) was associated with significantly poorer overall survival compared with sorafenib (Nexavar) in a population ...
Long-Term Follow-up Indicates Increased Telomere Length With Lifestyle Change in Men With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Short telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with aging and such age-related diseases as cancer, stroke, vascular dementia, cardiovascular disease, obesity, osteoporosis, and diabetes. Telomere attrition is considered a potential mechanism in triggering the chromosomal...
Flow Cytometric Residual Disease Highly Prognostic in Older AML Patients
Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a high relapse rate after standard chemotherapy. In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sylvie D. Freeman, MD, PhD, of University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Trust, and colleagues investigated whether assessing...
Flow Cytometric Minimal Residual Disease Highly Prognostic in AML Patients Aged Under 60
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Monique Terwijn, PhD, of the VU University Medical Centre in Amsterdam, and colleagues assessed the prognostic performance of flow cytometric minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients aged < 60 years. They...
BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers Not at Greater Risk of Earlier Natural Menopause
Some data suggest that BRCA1 mutations are associated with occult primary ovarian insufficiency and that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers have earlier natural menopause than noncarrier relatives. A study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Ian M. Collins, MD, of Peter MacCallum Cancer...
Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer Exhibit Vascular Endothelial Damage
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cornelia A.J. Brouwer, of the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands, and colleagues assessed vascular parameters in long-term childhood cancer survivors and sibling controls. They found that survivors who had received...
Oral CMX001 100 mg Twice Weekly Reduces Cytomegalovirus Events in Patients Receiving Hematopoietic Cell Transplants
The anti-cytomegalovirus agent CMX001 is an oral lipid acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that is absorbed in the small intestine and transported throughout the body as a phospholipid. It is converted intracellularly to cidofovir diphosphate, but unlike cidofovir, is not a substrate of organic ion...
Addition of Rituximab Does Not Improve Outcome in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma With Skeletal Involvement, but Radiotherapy Benefit Found
In a retrospective analysis of German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group trials reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gerhard Held, MD, of Saarland University Medical School in Homburg, and colleagues assessed the impact of rituximab (Rituxan) and radiotherapy on outcome in patients...
Long-Term Results of UK START Trials Support Hypofractionated Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Invasive Early Breast Cancer
The 5-year results of the UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials suggested that lower total doses of radiotherapy delivered in fewer, larger doses were at least as safe and effective as the historical standard regimen of 50 Gy in 25 fractions as adjuvant therapy for early breast...
Addition of Vorinostat to Bortezomib Results in Small Progression-Free Survival Advantage in Previously-Treated Multiple Myeloma
In a phase III study (VANTAGE 088 trial) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Meletios Dimopolous, MD, of the University of Athens, and colleagues assessed the addition of the oral HDAC inhibitor vorinostat (Zolinza) to bortezomib (Velcade) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The...
Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Associated With Superior Overall Cosmesis at 5 Years in Patients With Early Breast Cancer
Interim results of the Cambridge Breast Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy trial indicated that intensity-modulated radiotherapy was associated with significantly reduced skin telangiectasia compared with standard radiotherapy at 2 years in patients with early breast cancer. The trial included a...
Denosumab Increases Bone Metastasis-Free Survival According to PSA Doubling Time in Men With Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
In a recently reported phase III trial, denosumab (Xgeva) significantly increased bone metastasis–free survival and delayed time to first bone metastasis but did not improve overall survival compared with placebo in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and baseline...
Higher Post-Treatment FDG-PET Standardized Uptake Value Associated With Poorer Survival in Locally Advanced NSCLC
In a trial (ACRIN 6668/RTOG 0235 trial) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Machtay, MD, of Case Western Reserve University, and colleagues assessed the relationship between standardized uptake value for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and survival in...
Increases in Melanoma Incidence and Mortality Unremitting Over 6 Decades, Study Finds
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Alan C. Geller, MPH, RN, of the Harvard School of Public Health, and colleagues assessed long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of melanoma in Connecticut, a state with complete and consistent tumor registration. They found...
For Pregnant Women With Lymphoma, Standard Combination Chemotherapy Given After First Trimester Associated With Few Complications
Lymphoma is the fourth most frequent cancer to occur during pregnancy. In a multicenter retrospective analysis reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Andrew M. Evens, DO, MSc, of Tufts University Medical School, and colleagues examined treatment, complications, and outcomes for Hodgkin lymphoma...
Phase II Study Shows Activity of Selective Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor Alisertib in Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive B- and T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Aurora A kinase is overexpressed in aggressive lymphomas and may correlate with more histologically aggressive forms of disease. In a phase II study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jonathan W. Friedberg, MD, of University of Rochester Wilmot Cancer Center, and colleagues assessed the...
Colonoscopy Associated With Reduction in Overall, Distal, and Proximal Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy have been shown to provide protection against colorectal cancer, but the magnitude and duration of protection, particularly against proximal colon cancer, remain undefined. A study of long-term colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy reported in ...
HERA Trial Shows No Benefit of 2 Years vs 1 Year of Trastuzumab, Significant Survival Benefits of 1 Year vs Observation in Early Breast Cancer
As reported in The Lancet by Aron Goldhirsch, MD, of the European Institute of Oncology in Milan, and colleagues, 2 years of trastuzumab (Herceptin) showed no advantage over 1 year of trastuzumab treatment in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer in the phase III HERA trial. An update of...
Antiviral Treatment Improves Recurrence-Free and Overall Survival in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma have poor postoperative prognosis. In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jianhua Yin, MD, of the Second Military Medical University in Shanghai, and colleagues assessed the effects of nucleotide/nucleoside analog...
Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair Associated With Favorable Prognosis in Proximal Tumors in Stage III Colon Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant FOLFOX
In an analysis reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Frank A. Sinicrope, MD, of the Mayo Clinic and North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG), and colleagues investigated the association of deficient DNA mismatch repair with prognosis in patients with stage III colon cancer treated with...
Reduced Long-Term Survival and Increased Risk of Secondary Cancer in Younger Women After External Pelvic Radiation for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mathias Onrud, MD, of Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, and colleagues assessed outcomes in the follow-up of the Norwegian Radium Hospital trial to determine long-term effects of external beam radiation therapy in the adjuvant...
Japanese Study Shows Endoscopic Dual Tracer Method for Sentinel Node Mapping in Gastric Cancer Is Safe and Accurate
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yuko Kitagawa, MD, FACS, of Keio University School of Medicine, and colleagues found that sentinel node mapping using a standardized dual tracer endoscopic injection technique was safe and accurate in patients with gastric cancer. Study Details ...
Widespread Contraindicated Use of Bevacizumab in Elderly Patients
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Dawn L. Hershman, MD, MS, of Columbia University, and colleagues assessed the use of bevacizumab in older patients with metastatic breast, lung, or colon cancer. They found that bevacizumab (Avastin) was contraindicated in approximately one-third ...
Meta-Analysis Suggests Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine Is Optimum Adjuvant Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer
A meta-analysis reported in The Lancet Oncologyby Wei-Chih Liao, MD, of National Taiwan University Hospital and colleagues indicates that fluorouracil (5-FU) or gemcitabine is optimal adjuvant therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chemoradiation was associated with poorer survival and...
Presence of RAS Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Predictive of Negative Response to Panitumumab/FOLFOX4 Treatment
Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that harbors KRAS mutations in exon 2 do not benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. However, other activating RAS mutations may predict poorer outcome with anti-EGFR therapy. In an analysis reported in The New England Journal of Medicine by Jean-Yves Douillard,...
Addition of Bevacizumab to Capecitabine Improves Progression-Free Survival in Elderly Patients with Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Elderly patients are often underrepresented in clinical trials of metastatic colorectal cancer. In a phase III study (AVEX trial) reported in The Lancet Oncology, David Cunningham, MD, of Royal Marsden Hospital in London and colleagues assessed the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to capecitabine...
Tremelimumab Shows Some Activity in Chemotherapy-Resistant Advanced Malignant Mesothelioma, Phase II Study Finds
Tremelimumab is an anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) monoclonal antibody, a class of inhibitor that has shown activity in multiple tumor types. Ipilimumab (Yervoy), another agent in this class, was found to significantly prolong overall survival in metastatic melanoma despite a...
Exploratory Analysis Suggests Response-Guided Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer May Improve Survival
In an exploratory analysis of long-term survival data from the GeparTrio trial reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gunter von Minckwitz, MD, of the German Breast Group in Neu-Isenburg, and colleagues found that response-guided neoadjuvant chemotherapy appears to improve disease-free survival...
Phase II Study Shows Durable Effect of Lenalidomide in Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma
In a phase II study (MCL-001, EMERGE) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Andre Goy, MD, of Hackensack University Medical Center, and colleagues evaluated the use of single-agent lenalidomide (Revlimid) in bortezomib (Velcade)-treated patients who had relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma. ...
Tivozanib Improves Progression-Free Survival but Not Overall Survival vs Sorafenib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Tivozanib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), -2, and -3. In a phase III trial reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Robert J. Motzer, MD, of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and colleagues, tivozanib was found to...
Models Estimate Probability of Cancer in Pulmonary Nodules Detected on First Screening CT
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Annette McWilliams, MD, of Vancouver General Hospital, and colleagues analyzed data from subjects undergoing low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer to identify factors that might predict whether lung nodules found on...
Modifiable Risk Factors Potentiate Therapy-Associated Risk for Major Cardiac Events in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gregory T. Armstrong, MD, of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, and colleagues assessed the frequency of major cardiac events and cardiovascular risk factors among adult survivors of childhood cancer and their siblings. They...
Nonanthracycline Regimen Plus Trastuzumab Effective in Early Breast Cancer Irrespective of TOP2A Status
Available data suggest that docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide improves disease-free survival and overall survival compared with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in early-stage breast cancer. Other findings suggest that amplification of TOP2A, the gene positioned next to HER2, is predictive of...
Low-Dose CT Screening Identifies More Early Lung Cancer But Has Lower Positive Predictive Value vs Radiography
Results of the two rounds of annual incidence screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) vs radiography in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) were recently reported by Denise R. Aberle, MD, of University of California at Los Angeles, and colleagues in The New England Journal of...
