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Showing 7351 - 7400Adding Antiangiopoietin Agent Trebananib to Paclitaxel Improves Progression-Free Survival in Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Trebananib inhibits angiogenesis by blocking the binding of angiopoietins 1 and 2 to the Tie2 receptor expressed on endothelial cells, a mechanism that differs from VEGF inhibitors and that involves a different signaling pathway. In the phase III TRINOVA-1 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology,...
HERA Trial 8-Year Follow-up Shows Low Rate of Trastuzumab-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Azambuja et al found low rates of trastuzumab (Herceptin)-related cardiac dysfunction over a median of 8 years of follow-up in the HERceptin Adjuvant (HERA) trial. The majority of patients with cardiac dysfunction achieved acute recovery. Study...
EPIC Cohort Study: High Thyroglobulin and Low TSH Precede Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, but Neither Can Be Used in Screening
In a study of the association of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin, and thyroid hormones with risk of differentiated thyroid cancer reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Rinaldi et al found that high thyroglobulin levels can precede thyroid cancer by many years and...
Glioma-Associated Antigen Peptide Vaccination Produces Antigen-Specific T-Cell Response and Clinical Activity in Children With High-Grade Gliomas
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Pollack et al found antigen-specific immune responses and evidence of clinical activity with glioma-associated antigen (GAA) peptide vaccination in children with newly diagnosed malignant brainstem and nonbrainstem gliomas. Study Details In ...
Combined Index Predicts Early Multiple Myeloma Progression-Related Death in Patients Receiving Front-Line Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
In a European study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Moreau et al developed and validated a combined index for prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma treated with front-line autologous stem cell transplantation. The index, consisting of high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level,...
Study Finds Changes in Brain Activity in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
A small study of 18 patients with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy has found a significant increase in cognitive complaints and significant correlations between these increases and decreases in multitasking-related brain activation. The study by Deprez et al is published in the Journal of...
Stage Migration and Dilution of Higher Stages With PET in Head and Neck Cancer in a Managed Care Setting
A study reported in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery by VanderWalde and colleagues suggests that increasing use of positron emission tomography (PET) for diagnosis and staging of head and neck cancer has resulted in considerable stage migration characterized by dilution of higher stages...
Study Finds Anorectal Melanoma Is Diagnosed at Later Stages and Is Often Misdiagnosed
Anorectal melanoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that has a variable natural history and nonspecific presentation. A review by Hicks et al of 18 patients treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital between October 1991 and August 2012, finds that the cancer tends to be diagnosed at stage II or later and is...
Higher Distant Invasive Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk for HER2-Positive T1b vs T1a Node-Negative Localized Breast Cancer
In a study of data from an integrated health-care delivery system reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Fehrenbacher et al found that patients with T1b node-negative localized breast cancer have a higher risk of distant invasive recurrence than those with T1a disease. Risk was highest among ...
Danish Study Shows Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Throughout Life in Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer
In a Danish cohort study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Rugbjerg and colleagues found that survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease throughout life, with cardiovascular disease profiles differing according to cancer...
Needle Biopsy Underused in the United States, Adversely Affecting Breast Cancer Treatment
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Eberth et al found that needle biopsy is underused in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, with a number of surgeon factors contributing to underuse. The study involved Medicare data from 89,712 patients with breast cancer seen between...
Phase III Trial of Adding Figitumumab to Chemotherapy in Advanced Nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC Stopped Early for Futility and Increased Harm
In the first phase III trial assessing the combination of an insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced nonadenocarcinoma non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the addition of the fully human immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal...
NLST Analysis: Lung Screening–Detected Abnormalities Other Than Cancer Result in Smoking Cessation
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Tammemägi et al assessed smoking cessation rates among participants undergoing chest x-ray or computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Among patients without a subsequent ...
Adding Lapatinib to Paclitaxel Does Not Improve Survival as Second-Line Therapy in Asian Patients With HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer
Weekly paclitaxel is used as second-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer, including HER2-positive disease, in Asian countries. In the phase III TyTAN trial in Asian patients reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Satoh et al assessed the addition of the anti-HER2 agent lapatinib...
Modeling Shows Digital vs Film Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer Produces Small Benefit at Increased Cost
A study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute by Stout et al suggests that the switch from film to digital mammography screening in the United States has produced a small health benefit at increased cost and with an increased false-positive rate. Biennial digital screening...
MEK Inhibitor Use Associated With Bilateral Subfoveal Neurosensory Retinal Detachment
As reported in JAMA Ophthalmology, McCannel and colleagues identified three cases of subfoveal neurosensory retinal detachment among patients receiving MEK inhibitor therapy for metastatic cancer in clinical trials requiring ophthalmologic examination at their institution. In all cases, the toxic...
ASCO 2014: Enzalutamide Before Chemotherapy Prolongs Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
The androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide (Xtandi) has been shown to prolong survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with progressive disease after chemotherapy. In the phase III PREVAIL trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Beer et al found that...
Greater Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Maintenance Olaparib in BRCA-Mutant Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Serous Ovarian Cancer
A recently reported phase II trial indicated that maintenance therapy with the PARP inhibitor olaparib significantly improved progression-free survival vs placebo in patients with platinum-sensitive serous ovarian cancer. As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Ledermann et al, a preplanned...
First-Line Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Is Safe and Effective in Older and Younger CLL Patients, Phase II Study Shows
The combination of lenalidomide (Revlimid) and rituximab (Rituxan) has shown synergistic activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) preclinical models. In a CLL Research Consortium phase II study of the combination in treatment-naive patients reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, James...
Early Change in Chemotherapy Based on Elevated Circulating Tumor Cells Does Not Improve Outcome in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Elevated circulating tumor cells are associated with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer. In the phase III Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S0500 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Smerage et al assessed whether changing chemotherapy after one cycle of first-line treatment in ...
Adjuvant! Online Performs Poorly in Older Patients With Breast Cancer in Dutch Study
In a Dutch population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, de Glas et al found that the Adjuvant! Online prediction tool performed poorly in older patients with early-stage breast cancer, significantly overestimating or underestimating overall survival depending on comorbidity...
Ibrutinib Resistance Mutations Identified in CLL Patients
Ibrutinib is an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase that was recently approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients who have received at least one prior therapy. A small proportion of CLL patients have been observed to relapse during ibrutinib treatment, ...
Greater Risk of Pretreatment Cognitive Impairment in Older Breast Cancer Patients With More Advanced Disease and Greater Comorbidity
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mandelblatt and colleagues attempted to determine whether cognitive impairment is present in older patients with breast cancer prior to systemic therapy. They found that although there were no global differences in cognitive function between...
Central Pancreatectomy for Low-Grade Neoplasms Results in 'Excellent' Pancreatic Function but Substantial Morbidity
The availability of cross-sectional imaging has resulted in increased diagnosis of low-grade pancreatic neoplasms and use of central pancreatectomy as an alternative to standard resection for such lesions. In a French single-center experience reported in JAMA Surgery, Goudard et al found that...
No Differences in Surgical Outcomes With Four Different Chemotherapy Regimens Plus Preoperative Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by O’Connell et al, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Trial R-04 is assessing four chemotherapy regimens given concurrently with preoperative radiotherapy in order to help identify optimal treatment in patients with ...
Korean Trial Shows Similar Disease-Free Survival With Laparoscopic vs Open Surgery in Mid- or Low-Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
In the noninferiority COREAN trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Jeong et al found that laparoscopic surgery was associated with disease-free survival similar to that with open surgery for mid- or low-rectal cancer. Study Details In this open-label trial, 340 patients with cT3N0–2M0...
Physicians and Patients/Caregivers Frequently Disagree on Medicare Resource Allocations for Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Rocke et al compared hypothetical resource allocation by otolaryngology–head and neck surgery physicians and patients with that by advanced cancer patients or their caregivers. They found significant differences in...
No Apparent Benefit of Adding Cetuximab to Gemcitabine Plus Oxaliplatin in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Gemcitabine plus a platinum agent is standard treatment in advanced biliary cancer. In the phase II open-label noncomparative BINGO trial, reported in The Lancet Oncology, Malka et al found no apparent benefit of adding the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab (Erbitux) to gemcitabine/oxaliplatin in first-line ...
No Apparent Benefit of Rituximab After Lymphoma-Directed Conditioning and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive NHL
In an open-label phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Glass et al examined the strategy of adding rituximab (Rituxan) to standard prophylaxis for graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Rituximab did not...
No Progression-Free or Overall Survival Benefit With Second- or Third-Line Erlotinib vs Docetaxel in EGFR-Unselected Japanese NSCLC Patients
In a Japanese phase III trial (DELTA) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kawaguchi et al found that erlotinib (Tarceva) was associated with no progression-free survival or overall survival advantage as second- or third-line therapy in EGFR-unselected patients with non–small cell...
Circulating Tumor Cells Predict Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients With Early Average- to High-Risk Breast Cancer
Although presence of circulating tumor cells has been shown to predict reduced survival in metastatic breast cancer, data on their predictive performance in earlier breast cancer are lacking. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Rack et al found that presence of...
Percentage Dense Area Stronger Than Absolute Dense Area as Mammography Risk Factor for Breast Cancer
In a meta-analysis reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Pettersson et al found that percentage dense area on breast mammography is a stronger predictor of breast cancer than absolute dense area. An inverse association of absolute nondense area and risk was also observed. The...
No Overall Survival Improvement With Elacytarabine vs Investigator Choice in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory AML
Current treatment options for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which carries a very poor prognosis, are generally ineffective. In a phase III trial (CLAVELA) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Roboz et al found that elacytarabine, a novel elaidic acid ester of...
Lenalidomide Plus R-CHOP21 Highly Active in Elderly Patients With Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Lenalidomide (Revlimid) is active in relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas. In a European phase II trial (REAL07) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Vitolo et al examined the addition of lenalidomide to rituximab (Rituxan), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone...
Mutations Associated With Arsenic Resistance in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
In a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, Zhu et al described identification of resistance mutations in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients receiving arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy. The direct-binding targets of arsenic trioxide in the...
Proteomic Signature for EGFR Inhibitor Therapy Predicts Survival Benefit of Second-Line Chemotherapy vs Erlotinib in NSCLC
There are conflicting data on whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy is beneficial in second-line treatment of lung cancer patients with unknown or wild-type EGFR status. In a phase III trial (PROSE) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Gregorc et al assessed the predictive...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Score Improves Assessment of Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Kaseb et al developed a plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)–based score for hepatic reserve in hepatocellular carcinoma and compared its predictive ability with that of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score in two...
High Expression of Brachyury Associated With Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Tamoxifen
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a key role in tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance and the transcription factor brachyury has recently been identified as a driver of this process. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Palena et al found that a...
No Overall Survival Improvement With Ipilimumab After Radiotherapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing After Docetaxel
In a phase III trial (CA184-043) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Kwon et al assessed the effects of adding ipilimumab (Yervoy) after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel chemotherapy. The investigators found no improvement...
Low Use of Chemotherapy in Last 14 Days of Life at MD Anderson Cancer Canter
A proposed metric of quality of cancer care is whether chemotherapy is administered in the last 14 days of life. In a retrospective study of patients at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Rodriguez et al found an overall rate of chemotherapy use in ...
Radium-223 Dichloride Significantly Prolongs Time to First Symptomatic Skeletal Event in Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
In an article in The Lancet Oncology, Sartor et al report symptomatic skeletal event outcomes in the phase III ALSYMPCA trial, which was the study supporting the May 2013 approval of radium-233 dichloride (Xofigo) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases. They found ...
IASLC/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Has Predictive Value for Recurrence and Survival
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hung et al assessed the ability of the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) adenocarcinoma classification system to predict disease recurrence and...
Accelerated Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin With Pegfilgrastim Is Effective, Well-Tolerated Neoadjuvant Therapy for Bladder Cancer
Although neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, it is not widely used due to concerns over toxicity and delayed cystectomy. In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Plimack et al evaluated whether a neoadjuvant...
Neoadjuvant Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin With Pegfilgrastim: Safe and Effective in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Cancer
In a phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Choueiri et al found that a neoadjuvant four-cycle/8-week regimen of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin was well tolerated and effective in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer. Study Details ...
Frequent but Nontargeted Use of Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients With Cancer
Retrospective studies have shown that pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is underutilized in hospitalized patients with cancer, who are believed to be at high risk of venous thromboembolism. In a prospective cross-sectional study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zwicker et al found that...
Diffuse Erythema Predicts Complete Remission of Skin Disease With Alemtuzumab in Leukemic Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
As reported in a research letter in JAMA Dermatology, Watanabe et al found that diffuse erythema at presentation in patients with leukemic T-cell lymphoma was associated with better response to low-dose alemtuzumab (Campath) compared with patients presenting with preexisting plaques or tumors....
Phase II Feasibility Study Tests Four Molecular-Based Hypotheses in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
In a phase II feasibility study (MRC FOCUS3) reported in British Journal of Cancer, Maughan et al used KRAS and BRAF mutation status and topoisomerase-1 expression status to randomly assign patients with advanced colorectal cancer to molecular hypothesis–driven treatment or control treatment. ...
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Within Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma During Vismodegib Treatment: Importance of Serial Biopsy
In a report in JAMA Dermatology, Zhu et al discuss two cases in which clinically significant squamous cell carcinoma was found within the tumor bed of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma during vismodegib (Erivedge) treatment for basal cell carcinoma. In one, basal cell carcinoma tumor shrinkage...
PET Plus CT-Assessed Relative Tumor Size Reduction After Chemotherapy Identifies High Risk for Progression and Relapse in Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma
Positive positron-emission tomography (PET) scans have low positive predictive value after chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kobe et al assessed whether use of pretreatment and post-treatment computed tomography (CT) could...
Tools for Identifying Pathologically Insignificant Prostate Cancer Are Inaccurate In Unscreened Men
In a study reported in British Journal of Cancer, Shaw et al assessed the accuracy of several reported criteria for identifying insignificant prostate cancer for active surveillance in a population of unscreened men. None of the examined tools provided sufficient discrimination of insignificant...
