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Showing 6651 - 6700New MRI Technique Reveals Brain Tumor Response to Antiangiogenesis Therapy
A new way of analyzing data acquired in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be able to identify whether or not tumors are responding to antiangiogenesis therapy, which may help physicians determine the most appropriate treatments for patients. In a report published online in Nature...
Intrachromosomal Amplification of Chromosome 21 Associated With Poor Outcome in Children With ALL
Intrachromosomal amplification of a region of chromosome 21 (iAMP21; three or more extra copies of RUNX1 on an abnormal chromosome 21) is a recently identified recurrent genomic abnormality associated with poorer outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In a study reported in Journal of...
Best of ASCO 2013: Promises and Challenges of Applying Molecular Profiling to Clinical Practice
A “new kind of pathology,” in which anatomy and histology are supplemented by molecular etiology, has been emerging over the past decade and promises better response rates among cancer patients as genomic alterations in cancer continue to be identified and treated with targeted...
Researchers Identify Key Mechanism Behind Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
A team of researchers from UC Davis, UC San Diego, and other institutions has identified a key mechanism behind aggressive prostate cancer. Published online today in Nature, the study shows that two long noncoding RNAs, PRNCR1 and PCGEM1, activate androgen receptors, circumventing...
Study Suggests Neural Stem Cells May Regenerate After Radiation Therapy
Scientists have long believed that healthy brain cells, once damaged by radiation designed to kill brain tumors, cannot regenerate. But new research in mice suggests that neural stem cells, the body's source of new brain cells, are resistant to radiation, and can be roused from a hibernation-like...
Best of ASCO 2013: Off-Label Prescribing of Chemotherapy Drugs Is Common but Most Meets NCCN Compendium Criteria
Off-label prescribing of drugs remains common in oncology, but about two-thirds of off-label prescribing is consistent with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Drugs & Biologics Compendium, according to a study reviewed at Best of ASCO Chicago by Monika K. Krzyzanowska, MD, MPH, of ...
Study Identifies Interleukin-11 as a Potential New Anticancer Target
According to a study published online today in Cancer Cell, the molecule interleukin-11 may be a potential new target for anticancer therapies. Until now, interleukin-11’s role in cancer development has been underestimated, but researchers have recently identified this molecule as a "dark...
NIH Scientists Visualize How Cancer Chromosome Abnormalities Form in Living Cells
For the first time, scientists have directly observed events that lead to the formation of a chromosome abnormality that is often found in cancer cells. The abnormality, called a translocation, occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to another chromosome. The results of...
Biomarker May Predict Risk of Graft-vs-Host Disease After Stem Cell Transplant
Researchers from Indiana University, the University of Michigan, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified and validated a biomarker accessible in blood tests that could be used to predict which stem cell transplant patients are at highest risk ...
Vaccine Stirs Immune Activity Against Advanced Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) often receive allogeneic transplants that effectively “reboot” their own immune defenses, which then attack and potentially cure the hard-to-treat disease. However, there is a high rate of relapse in these patients, and the...
Noninvasive Test Optimizes Colon Cancer Screening Rates
Organized mailing campaigns could substantially increase colorectal cancer screening among uninsured patients, according to a study published online in JAMA Internal Medicine. The research also suggested that a noninvasive colorectal screening approach, such as a fecal immunochemical test, might be ...
Study Reveals Genes That Drive Glioblastoma
A team of researchers at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University Medical Center has identified 18 new genes responsible for driving glioblastoma multiforme, the most common—and most aggressive—form of brain cancer in adults. The study was published online...
Sanford-Burnham Researchers Map a New Metabolic Pathway Involved in Cell Growth
Deciphering the body's complex molecular pathways that lead to disease when they malfunction is highly challenging. Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute now have a more complete picture of one particular pathway that can lead to cancer and diabetes. In a study published in...
Mechanism Offers Promising New Approach for Harnessing the Immune System to Fight Cancer
Scientists at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital have discovered a way to target the immune system to shrink or eliminate tumors in mice without causing autoimmune problems. Researchers also found evidence that the same mechanism may operate in humans. The study was published online today...
Researchers Uncover How a Potent Compound Kills Prostate Cancer Cells
A new study led by researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute reveals how a promising anticancer compound called SMIP004 specifically kills prostate cancer cells by compromising their ability to withstand environmental stress. The study, recently published in Oncotarget, uncovered...
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Induces Bone Marrow Failure by Inhibiting Production of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Scientists studying acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have discovered that rather than displacing hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow as previously believed, the cancer is in fact inhibiting production of downstream hematopoietic cells, effectively putting them to sleep. The findings were...
Decision Aids Reduce Men's Conflict about PSA Screening, but Don't Change Their Decisions
Men who decide to be screened for prostate cancer and those who forgo PSA screening stick with their decisions after receiving materials explaining the risks and benefits of the test, according to a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine. The study examined both Web-based and printed tools aimed ...
James L. Mulshine, MD, Comments on U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations for CT Screening for Lung Cancer in High-risk Individuals
The recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) for the use of low-dose, computed tomography (CT) to detect early lung cancer in high-risk individuals is a major milestone in the war on cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death across the world. Despite...
Protein Complex Linked to Cancer Growth May Act as Tumor Suppressor
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida, and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital in China have discovered a gene-expression signature that may lead to new immune therapies for patients with lung cancer. Their findings, published in The Journal of Clinical...
HPV Vaccine Reduces Prevalence of Oral HPV Infections in Costa Rican Study
A new study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in partnership with Costa Rican investigators and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), shows for the first time that the vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, which is used to prevent cervical cancer, also...
Cancer Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Who Receive Chest Radiation Should Have Cardiovascular Screening Every 5 to 10 Years
Cancer patients who receive chest radiation should be screened for heart disease every 5 to 10 years, according to the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology and the American Society of Echocardiography. Their recommendations are outlined in the ...
Most Commonly Used Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Do Not Resemble Ovarian Cancer
Researchers from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center recently discovered that the most frequently used cancer cell lines in ovarian cancer research are not suitable models of ovarian cancer. Their findings are the result of a detailed review of genomic data that recently became publicly...
Significant Improvement in Overall Survival Seen with Pemetrexed Maintenance after Pemetrexed/Cisplatin Induction in Patients with Advanced NSCLC
In the phase III PARAMOUNT trial, pemetrexed (Alimta) continuation maintenance therapy significantly reduced the risk of disease progression by 38% compared with placebo after pemetrexed/cisplatin induction in patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Final...
Jamie H. Von Roenn, MD, Joins ASCO as Head of Education, Science, and Professional Development
Jamie H. Von Roenn, MD, Professor of Medicine at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, has been named as the Senior Director of the Education, Science and Professional Development Department of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). A long-time ASCO member and...
Protein Targeted for Cancer Drug Development Is Essential for Normal Heart Function
Scientists at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital have discovered that a protein used by cancer cells to evade death also plays a vital role in heart health. This dual role complicates efforts to develop cancer drugs that target the protein, but may lead to new therapies for heart muscle...
Nomogram Accurately Predicts Salivary Gland Cancer Recurrence
Oncologists now have a new prognostic tool to help determine the risk of recurrence in patients with carcinoma of the major salivary glands and may help guide their post-treatment surveillance, according to study results published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. Researchers...
ASCO Releases Updated Guideline on Interventions for Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) issued a newly updated clinical practice guideline today on pharmacologic prevention interventions for premenopausal and postmenopausal women who are at increased risk for breast cancer. Compared to the previous version of the guideline, this third...
Aspirin May Help Prevent Cancer in Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus
Although aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce cancer mortality by 20%, exactly why these drugs reduce the number of cancer incidences and deaths is not known. Now, a small longitudinal study of 13 patients with Barrett’s esophagus is...
Two HIV Patients Show No Signs of Disease Following Bone Marrow Transplants for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Timothy Henrich, MD, Associate Physician in the Division of Infectious Disease at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, reported that two patients with long-standing HIV infections have no detectable levels of the disease in their blood cells, even though they stopped taking their...
Increasing Incidence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Linked to Overdiagnosis
The rapid increase in papillary thyroid cancer in the United States may not be linked to increase in occurrence, but instead may be linked to an increase in the diagnosis of precancerous conditions and to a person's insurance status, according to a study published online in Thyroid. "This [study]...
Biomarker Predicts Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence after Tamoxifen Treatment
A biomarker reflecting expression levels of two genes in tumor tissue may be able to predict which women treated for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer should receive a second estrogen-blocking medication after completing tamoxifen treatment. In a report published online in the Journal...
Study Sets Guidelines for Stem Cell Transplants in Older Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
A new study by an international team of scientists provides the first statistically based guidelines for determining whether a stem cell transplant is appropriate for older patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the most common blood disorders in people over 60 years of age, and frequently...
Researchers Identify and Map Signaling Pathway from EGFR to MCM7 Protein
Researchers have discovered and mapped the signaling network between two previously unconnected proteins, exposing a link that, if broken, could cut off cancer cell growth at its starting point. A team led by scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reported the tie between...
Impact of Age on Efficacy of Newer Adjuvant Therapies in Patients with Stage II/III Colon Cancer
Available data suggest that patients with stage II/III colon cancer receive similar benefit from intravenous fluorouracil (5-FU) adjuvant therapy regardless of age. Combination regimens and oral fluoropyrimidine therapy are now standard treatments in this setting. Nadine J. McCleary, MD, MPH, and...
Accountable Care Organizations May Be at Risk for New Medical Liabilities
The promotion of accountable care organizations, a crucial element in the Affordable Care Act, may result in liability risks, asserted authors H. Benjamin Harvey, MD, JD, a radiologist in the Department of Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital, and I. Glenn Cohen, JD, Assistant Professor of...
ASCO 2013: Genomic Heterogeneity Can Lead to the Selection of ‘Incorrect’ Targeted Inhibitors
Genomic heterogeneity within tumors and among lesions varies widely, and “discordance among lesions could lead to the selection of the ‘incorrect’ targeted inhibitor,” according to David B. Solit, MD, of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, who spoke at the ASCO/American...
Osteoporosis Drug Stops Growth of Breast Cancer Cells in Tamoxifen-resistant Tumors
A drug approved in Europe to treat osteoporosis has now been shown to stop the growth of breast cancer cells, even in cancers that have become resistant to current targeted therapies, according to a study presented at the Endocrine Society’s 95th Annual Meeting in San Francisco. The findings ...
Human Genes May Not Be Patented, Rules the Supreme Court
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously on Thursday that isolated human genes may not be patented. However, the creation of synthetic forms of DNA, known as complementary DNA (cDNA), is eligible for patent protection. The decision resolves the question brought before the Supreme Court justices in...
ASCO 2013: First Prospective Trial Shows Molecular Profiling Timely for Tailoring Therapy
A clinical trial has shown that patients and their physicians are eager to jump into the next generation of cancer care: analysis of an individual’s tumor to find and target genetic mutations that drive the cancer. Results of the study, CUSTOM, were presented at the 2013 ASCO Annual Meeting...
ASCO 2013: Lung Cancer Mutations ALK and ROS1 Also Drive Colorectal Cancer
A study from the University of Colorado Cancer Center shows that the ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangements known to drive subsets of lung cancer are also present in some colorectal cancers. Results imply that drugs used to target ALK and ROS1 in lung cancer may also have applications in this subset of...
ASCO 2013: Top Five Things Oncologists Need to Know about Cancer in Older Adults
A workforce shortage of geriatricians and other health professionals trained and certified in caring for older patients with cancer is colliding with the aging of the population and the increasing number of older Americans with cancer. After describing factors contributing to these dual challenges, ...
Sequential PET/MRI Predicts Chemotherapy’s Ability to Improve Survival in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer
For patients with advanced breast cancer, positron-emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve quality of life and survival by providing physicians with information on the effectiveness of chemotherapy prior to surgery, according to researchers presenting at the 2013...
National Institutes of Health Issues Projected Impact of Sequestration on Programs
Earlier this month, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released its updated projections of reductions in programs due to the deficit-budget mechanism known as sequestration, which took effect on March 1, 2013. The sequestration law requires NIH to cut 5%, or $1.55 billion, of its fiscal year...
ASCO 2013: Less Lymphedema with Axillary Radiotherapy than Node Dissection, but Comparable Disease Control
A European phase III clinical trial found that lymphedema was twice as common among women with sentinel lymph node–positive early breast cancer who had axillary lymph node dissection compared to those who had axillary radiotherapy. Overall and disease-free survival 5 years after treatment...
Cytomegalovirus Might Speed Brain Cancer Growth
A study led by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC – James) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute suggests that cytomegalovirus, a virus that infects most adults in the United...
ASCO 2013: 10 Years of Tamoxifen Better Than 5 in Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence and Death
Ten years of adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality among women treated for early-stage estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer, according to results of the British phase III aTTom study. These findings, presented at the 2013 ASCO Annual Meeting ...
ASCO 2013: Sorafenib Stalls Growth of Treatment-resistant Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
A randomized phase III study found that the targeted drug sorafenib (Nexavar) stalls disease progression by 5 months in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer that has progressed despite standard radioactive iodine therapy. If approved in this setting by the U.S. Food and Drug...
ASCO 2013: No Increased Risk of Oral HPV Infections Reported in Long-term Partners of Patients with HPV-positive Oropharyngeal Cancers
Spouses and long-term partners of patients diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer were no more likely to test positive for oral HPV infection than people in the general population and have a low risk of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer, according to the Human Oral...
Experts Call for Breast Cancer Trials Aimed at Younger Patients
A lack of clinical trials aimed specifically at younger patients with breast cancer could be partly to blame for their poor survival rates, according to a study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Study Details The study analyzed 2,956 women diagnosed with breast cancer...
New Possibilities for Prostate Cancer Treatment
An Australian study has identified a subgroup of prostate cancer cells that survive androgen deprivation therapy and could contribute to prostate cancer recurrence. Previously unidentified, these cells are potential targets for future treatments. As they are present early in disease development,...
