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Showing 5851 - 5900Minimal Residual Disease Identified by NPM1 Mutation Is a Powerful Marker for Poorer Outcome in Standard-Risk AML
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Adam Ivey, MSc, from Guy’s Hospital, London, and colleagues found that a leukemia-specific marker consisting of mutation in the gene encoding nucleophosmin (NPM1) can be used to identify minimal residual disease in peripheral blood in...
Potential Overdiagnosis of Contralateral Breast Cancer With Preoperative Breast MRI in Older Women With Breast Cancer
In an analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shi-Yi Wang, MD, PhD, of Yale School of Public Health, and colleagues found that the use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was associated with...
Neratinib Improves Invasive Disease–Free Survival After Trastuzumab-Based Therapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Chan et al found that 1 year of treatment with the HER1, 2, and 4 tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib improved invasive disease–free survival vs placebo after trastuzumab (Herceptin)-based adjuvant therapy in patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, in the phase III ExteNET...
Poorer Outcome With BRAF and KRAS Mutations in Microsatellite-Stable but Not Microsatellite-Unstable Colon Cancer
In an analysis of the PETACC-8 trial reported by Taieb et al in JAMA Oncology, BRAF V600 and KRAS mutations were associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival in patients with microsatellite-stable colon cancer—but not in those with tumors with microsatellite instability—in...
Occult Metastasis on Immunohistochemistry May Affect Survival in Stage I NSCLC
Mature results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9761/Alliance study, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Martin et al, indicate that occult metastases detected by immunohistochemistry in N2 lymph nodes may be associated with poorer overall survival after resection in clinical stage I...
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Not Noninferior to Standard Radiotherapy in Late Genitourinary and Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Prostate Cancer
Hypofractionated radiotherapy was not noninferior to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer in the Dutch phase III HYPRO trial. These findings were reported by Aluwini et al in The Lancet Oncology. An earlier...
Obinutuzumab in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma
On February 26, 2016, obinutuzumab (Gazyva) was approved for use in combination with bendamustine (Bendeka, Treanda) followed by obinutuzumab monotherapy for treatment of patients with follicular lymphoma who have relapsed after or are refractory to a rituximab (Rituxan)-containing regimen.1,2...
Two Types of Asparaginase Compared in Newly Diagnosed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Intravenous pegylated (PEG) Escherichia coli (E coli) asparaginase was associated with similar toxicity and efficacy compared with intramuscular native E coli L-asparaginase in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, according to the results of a phase III trial (DFCI 05-001).1 ...
Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Trial Shows Continued Benefit With 3 Years vs 1 Year of Adjuvant Imatinib in High-Risk GIST
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Heikki Joensuu, MD, PhD, of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Helsinki, Finland, and colleagues, the second planned analysis in the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group XVIII/AIO trial showed a recurrence-free survival benefit and a continued overall survival ...
No Apparent Benefit of Long-Term Mifepristone in the Treatment of Unresectable Meningioma
In a phase III trial (SWOG S9005) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology,1 YongLi Ji, MD, PhD, and Claire Verschraegen, MD, of the University of Vermont Cancer Center; and colleagues found no benefit of treatment with the antiprogestin agent mifepristone vs placebo in patients with...
Palbociclib Combined With Fulvestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer Progressing After Endocrine Therapy
On February 19, 2016, palbociclib (Ibrance) was approved for use in combination with fulvestrant (Faslodex) for treatment of hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer with disease progression following endocrine therapy.1,2 In February 2015, palbociclib in...
Reduction in Late Mortality in Childhood Cancer Survivors
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Gregory T. Armstrong, MD, MSCE, of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, and colleagues found that late mortality has decreased over time among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.1...
Everolimus in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors
On February 26, 2016, everolimus (Afinitor) was approved for treatment of adult patients with progressive, well-differentiated, nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal or lung origin that are unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic.1,2 The drug was previously approved for...
First-Line Ibrutinib Improves Progression-Free and Overall Survival vs Chlorambucil in Older Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
As reported in The New England Journal of Medicine and at the 2015 American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, Jan A. Burger, MD, PhD, and colleagues found that first-line treatment with the oral Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) improved progression-free and overall...
Ga-68 Dotatate PET/CT Improves Detection of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sadowski et al found that Ga-68 dotatate positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) improved detection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors compared with 111In-pentetreotide single-photon emission computed...
Little Effect of Pretreatment Renal Function on Outcomes in Older Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
As reported by Lichtman et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, an ancillary study (Alliance A171201) of the CALGB 49907 trial showed no significant association of pretreatment creatinine clearance with grade ≥ 3 hematologic toxicity, dose modification, therapy completion, relapse-free...
Adding Cediranib to Platinum Therapy Increases Progression-Free Survival in Relapsed Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian Cancer
The phase III ICON6 trial showed that adding cediranib to platinum-based therapy increased progression-free survival and toxicity in women with first relapse of platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, reported Ledermann et al in The Lancet. Study Details In the double-blind trial, 456 women with...
Update of ASCEND-1 Trial Shows Ceritinib Highly Active in ALK-Rearranged NSCLC, Including Intracranial Disease
Updated results of the phase I ASCEND-1 trial, reported by Kim et al in The Lancet Oncology, indicate that the ALK inhibitor ceritinib (Zykadia) produced high response rates in advanced ALK-rearranged non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including intracranial disease, in both patients with...
Families of Cancer Decedents See Early Hospice, ICU Avoidance, and Death Outside the Hospital as Better End-of-Life Care
Families of patients dying with lung or colorectal cancer judged end-of-life care as better when it was less aggressive, involved earlier hospice, avoided intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and included death outside of the hospital, according to a study reported by Wright et al in JAMA. Study...
Long-Term Follow-up of Prospective U.S. Cohorts Shows Reduced Risk of GI Tract Cancers With Regular Aspirin Use
In a long-term follow up of two large U.S. prospective cohorts reported in JAMA Oncology, Cao et al found that regular use of aspirin was associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. In 2015, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended the use of aspirin in...
No Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Sunitinib or Sorafenib in High-Risk Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
In a phase III trial (ECOG-ACRIN E2805) reported in The Lancet by Haas et al, no benefit of adjuvant VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) inhibitor treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib (Nexavar) was observed vs placebo in patients with completely resected high-risk nonmetastatic...
Site of Death, Health-Care Utilization, and Hospital Expenditures for Patients Dying With Cancer in Developed Countries
In a study reported in JAMA, Bekelman et al assessed the site of death, health-care utilization, and hospital expenditures among patients aged ≥ 65 years dying with cancer in Belgium, Canada, England, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United States. The United States had lower...
Finnish Study Identifies Increased Cancer Risks in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
In a Finnish study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Uusitalo et al found that patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) were at increased risk of other cancers in addition to nervous system disease. The study included data from a population-based series of patients with...
No Significant Survival Advantage for Rigosertib in High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes, but Subgroups May Benefit
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Garcia-Manero et al, the phase III ONTIME trial showed that treatment with the Ras mimetic rigosertib did not significantly improve overall survival vs best supportive care in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes after failure of hypomethylating...
Atezolizumab Improves Survival vs Docetaxel in Advanced NSCLC in Relation to Increased PD-L1 Expression
In the phase II POPLAR trial reported in The Lancet, Fehrenbacher et al found that the anti–PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) antibody atezolizumab improved overall survival vs docetaxel in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had progressed on prior platinum-based...
Fosaprepitant Combination Reduces Risk of Emesis During Chemoradiotherapy for Cervical Cancer
The addition of fosaprepitant (Emend) to palonosetron and dexamethasone reduced the risk of emesis during 5 weeks of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer, according to the phase III GAND-emesis trial reported in The Lancet Oncology by Ruhlmann et al. Study Details In the double-blind trial, 234...
Retrospective Analysis Suggests Benefit of Adding Cetuximab to Radiotherapy Irrespective of p16 Status in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
A retrospective analysis of the phase III registration trial IMCL-9815 of cetuximab (Erbitux) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Rosenthal et al suggests that the addition of cetuximab to radiotherapy was of benefit irrespective of p16 expression in patients with locoregionally...
Resensitization to Crizotinib via Acquisition of Lorlatinib ALK Resistance Mutation Reported in Patient With NSCLC
As reported by Shaw et al in The New England Journal of Medicine, a woman with metastatic ALK-rearranged non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had received multiple prior therapies, including the first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors crizotinib (Xalkori) and ceritinib (Zykadia),...
Adding Palbociclib to Fulvestrant Prolongs Progression-Free Survival in Hormone Receptor–Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Cristofanilli et al, the final results of the phase III PALOMA-3 trial show that the addition of the CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib (Ibrance) to fulvestrant (Faslodex) improved progression-free survival in women with hormone receptor–positive,...
Alisertib Shows Activity With Irinotecan/Temozolomide in Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma
The oral Aurora A kinase inhibitor alisertib was active in combination with irinotecan/temozolomide in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma, in a phase I dose-escalation trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by DuBois et al. The maximum tolerated dose of alisertib was 60...
Atezolizumab Active in Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
The anti–PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) antibody atezolizumab produced durable responses in a marked proportion of patients with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, according to a phase II trial reported in The Lancet by Rosenberg et al. The...
Frequent Copy Number Gain of Genes for PD-1 Ligands in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix or Vulva
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Howitt et al identified copy number gain of genes encoding programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) ligands in a sizable proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix or vulva. Study Details The study involved fluorescence in situ...
High Expression of Epiregulin or Amphiregulin Predicts Benefit of Panitumumab in RAS Wild-Type Advanced Colorectal Cancer
In the UK phase III PICCOLO trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Seligmann et al found that high expression of either of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands epiregulin or amphiregulin was associated with a progression-free survival benefit with panitumumab (Vectibix)/irinotecan vs...
Adding Ibrutinib to Bendamustine/Rituximab Improves Outcome in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
In the phase III HELIOS trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Asher Chanan-Khan, MD, of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, and colleagues found that addition of the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) to bendamustine (Treanda)/rituximab (Rituxan)...
Eribulin Mesylate in Advanced Liposarcoma Previously Treated With an Anthracycline
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. On January 28, 2016, eribulin mesylate (Halaven) was approved for...
Loss of Skeletal Muscle Before or After Radiotherapy Linked to Poorer Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
In a single-center retrospective study reported in JAMA Oncology, Grossberg et al found that skeletal muscle loss before or after radiotherapy was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Study Details The study included 2,840 patients...
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Primary Breast Cancer Treatment Associated With Increased Symptom Burden Over 12 Months
Patients in the observational Mind-Body Study receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy for primary breast cancer treatment reported a greater symptom burden than did patients not receiving endocrine therapy over 12 months, as reported by Ganz et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No differences in ...
Carfilzomib Plus Dexamethasone in Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma
In the Clinic provides overviews of novel oncology agents, addressing indications, mechanisms, administration recommendations, safety profiles, and other essential information needed for the appropriate clinical use of these drugs. On January 21, 2016, carfilzomib (Kyprolis) was approved for use in ...
Genomic Alterations in Primary Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Desmedt et al identified genomic alterations in invasive lobular breast cancer, including several that may serve as targets for current treatment and for treatment research. Invasive lobular breast cancer cells are characterized by...
Anamorelin Increases Lean Body Mass in NSCLC Patients With Cachexia
Anamorelin (a ghrelin-receptor agonist) increased lean body mass but had no beneficial effect on handgrip strength vs placebo in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and cachexia, according to two international phase III trials (ROMANA 1 and 2) reported in The Lancet...
Selective Internal Radiotherapy Does Not Improve Any-Site but Prolongs Liver-Specific Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the phase III SIRFLOX trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, van Hazel et al found that adding selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90 resin microspheres to FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) with or without bevacizumab (Avastin) did not improve any-site...
Neratinib Shows Some Activity in Previously Treated HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
In the phase II Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium (TBCRC) 022 study, reported by Freedman et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, the erbB1, HER2, erbB4 inhibitor neratinib showed some activity in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Study Details In the...
New Staging System for Human Papillomavirus–Related Oropharyngeal Cancer
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by O’Sullivan et al, a new staging system for human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal cancer has been developed based on findings from the International Collaboration on Oropharyngeal Cancer Network for Staging (ICON-S) study. Study Details The...
Racial/Ethnic Variations in Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative Study Cohort
As reported by Patel et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, analysis of lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative Study cohort of postmenopausal women showed a marginally significant lower risk of cancer in Hispanic women vs white women and no difference in...
Study Finds No Progression-Free Survival Benefit for Weekly Dose-Dense vs Every-3-Week Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin in Ovarian Cancer
Weekly dose-dense paclitaxel did not provide a progression-free survival benefit over every-3-week paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin and with or without elective bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with previously untreated ovarian cancer, according to the results of the phase III GOG-0262...
Asian Trial Finds No Survival Benefit of Adding Gastrectomy to Chemotherapy in Incurable Advanced Gastric Cancer
In the Asian phase III REGATTA trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Fujitani et al found that the addition of gastrectomy to chemotherapy did not improve overall survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer with a single noncurable factor. Study Details In this open-label trial conducted...
Factors Associated With Early Mortality in Patients Receiving Adjuvant Therapy for Colon Cancer
In an analysis of the ACCENT (Adjuvant Colon Cancer Endpoints) database reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cheung et al found that factors associated with early mortality in patients in trials of adjuvant systemic therapy included age, performance status, tumor grade, stage, and ratio of ...
Improved Outcomes Reported With Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Early-Stage SCLC Undergoing Complete Resection
Adjuvant chemotherapy and chemotherapy plus prophylactic cranial irradiation were associated with significantly improved survival vs surgery alone in patients with early-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) undergoing complete resection, according to an analysis of National Cancer Data Base data...
Single-Center Study Evaluates Proton Radiotherapy for Pediatric Medulloblastoma
In a phase II study reported in The Lancet Oncology by Yock et al, use of proton radiotherapy for pediatric medulloblastoma was associated with acceptable long-term toxic effects and good survival outcomes. Study Details In the study, 59 patients aged 3 to 21 years were treated at...
Study Finds No Adverse Impact of Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy on Long-Term Survival in Endometrial Cancer
Use of minimally invasive hysterectomy did not seem to have an adverse impact on long-term survival in women with endometrial cancer, according to an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Wright et al. Study Details The study involved Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result...
