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Showing 5151 - 5200Analysis Suggests Use of Pioglitazone for Diabetes May Increase Risk of Prostate and Pancreatic Cancers But Not Bladder Cancer
Available data suggest an increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone treatment for diabetes. In an analysis of Kaiser Permanente Northern California data reported in JAMA, Lewis et al found no significantly increased risk of bladder cancer in patients with diabetes ever using pioglitazone....
Adjuvant Bisphosphonates May Reduce Bone Recurrence and Breast Cancer Mortality in Postmenopausal Women
In a patient-level meta-analysis reported in The Lancet by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in early breast cancer was associated with a reduced risk of bone recurrence and breast cancer mortality, with the benefit limited to...
County-Based Analysis Suggests Widespread Overdiagnosis of Breast Cancer in Mammography Screening
In a study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Harding et al found that on the county level in the United States, mammography screening for breast cancer is associated with an increase in detection of small breast cancers but no reduction in breast cancer mortality. Study Details This ecologic...
No Survival Benefit of Adding MET Inhibitor Tivantinib to Erlotinib in Previously Treated Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Scagliotti et al found that the addition of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor tivantinib to erlotinib (Tarceva) did not improve overall survival in previously treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous ...
No Benefit of Adding Gefitinib to Platinum-Based Doublet in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC After Progression on First-Line Gefitinib
In a phase III IMPRESS trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Soria et al found no progression-free survival benefit of adding gefitinib (Iressa) to platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had acquired resistance to...
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Yields Similar Outcomes in Patients With Biopsy-Proven vs Radiographically Diagnosed Early-Stage NSCLC
In patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy, outcomes were similar between patients with biopsy-proven lesions and those with radiographically diagnosed disease, according to a study by Fischer-Valuck et al in Tumori Journal....
FDA Approves Gefitinib for EGFR-Mutated Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved gefitinib (Iressa) for the treatment of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an...
DNA Shed From Head and Neck Tumors Detected in Blood and Saliva
On the hunt for better cancer screening tests, Johns Hopkins scientists led a proof-of-principle study that successfully identified tumor DNA shed in the blood and saliva of 93 patients with head and neck cancer. A report on the findings was published by Wang et al in Science Translational...
Study Identifies Geographic Hot Spots With the Highest Colorectal Cancer Death Rates
Gains have been made in the overall reduction in the death rates of colorectal cancer in the United States. A new study by Siegel et al has identified three distinct geographic hot spots where colorectal cancer death rates remain elevated over other parts of the country. These hot spots were found...
Postoperative Radiation Therapy May Improve Overall Survival in Incompletely Resected Stage II or III NSCLC
In a National Cancer Data Base analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Wang et al found that postoperative radiation therapy has been declining in use in recent years but is associated with improved overall survival in patients with incompletely resected stage II or III...
ESMO World GI 2015: Studies Confirm Regorafenib Benefit in Pretreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The phase IIIb CONSIGN trial has confirmed the benefit of regorafenib (Stivarga) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer, researchers announced July 3 at the European Society for Medical Oncology World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer in Barcelona, Spain (Abstract...
Phase II Study Shows Activity of Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor Alisertib in Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
In a phase II Intergroup trial (SWOG 1108) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Barr et al found that the aurora A kinase inhibitor alisertib produced responses in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Aurora A kinase is upregulated in highly...
Study Finds Current Prices of Hematologic Cancer Drugs Are Not Justified
The costs associated with cancer drug prices have risen dramatically over the past 15 years, a trend concerning to many oncologists. In a new analysis, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center concluded that the majority of existing treatments for hematologic cancers are...
DNMT3A Mutations Predict Poorer Outcome in Younger Adults With AML Irrespective of NPM1 Genotype, but Type of Mutation Matters
In a UK study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gale et al found that presence of DNMT3A mutations was associated with poorer prognosis in young adults with cytogenetic intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) irrespective of the presence of NPM1 mutation. Poorer outcome was found ...
Pooled Analysis Shows Activity of Afatinib Differs in NSCLC According to Uncommon EGFR Mutations
In a pooled analysis of the LUX-Lung 2, 3, and 6 trials reported in The Lancet Oncology, Yang et al found that the activity of afatinib (Gilotrif) differed according to uncommon EGFR mutations in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC have deletion...
Analysis Shows New Cancer Cases Rise Globally, but Death Rates Decline in Many Countries
New cases of virtually all types of cancer are rising in countries globally—regardless of income—but the death rates from cancer are falling in many countries, according to a new analysis of 28 cancer groups in 188 countries. These findings were published by Fitzmaurice et al in JAMA...
Addition of Necitumumab to First-Line Gemcitabine-Cisplatin Improves Overall Survival in Stage IV Squamous NSCLC
In the phase III SQUIRE trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Thatcher et al found that the addition of the second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody necitumumab to first-line gemcitabine-cisplatin improved overall survival among patients with stage IV squamous...
Phase III Trial Confirms Benefit of Adding Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy in Chinese Patients With Advanced NSCLC
In a phase III BEYOND trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zhou et al found that the addition of bevacizumab to carboplatin-paclitaxel improved progression-free and overall survival in Chinese patients with locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent advanced nonsquamous...
ASCO 2015: Entolimod May Be a Promising Treatment Option for Many Solid Tumors
A collaborative team of researchers led by Alex A. Adjei, MD, PhD, FACP, of Roswell Park Cancer Institute, shared results from the first clinical study of the anticancer effects of the novel agent entolimod on May 30 at the 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting in Chicago (Abstract 3063). Their findings confirm ...
ASCO 2015: Investigational ALK Inhibitor Demonstrates Promising Overall Response Rates in Patients With Advanced ALK-Positive NSCLC
The oral investigational anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor alectinib shrank tumors in almost half of patients with advanced ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease had progressed following crizotinib (Xalkori) treatment. Positive results from two clinical...
ASCO 2015: ASCO Announces First-Ever Clinical Trial
ASCO announced its first-ever clinical trial, which will offer patients with advanced cancer access to molecularly targeted cancer drugs and collect “real-world” data on clinical outcomes, to help learn the best uses of these drugs outside of indications approved by the U.S. Food and...
ASCO 2015: For Patients With Limited Brain Metastases, Adjuvant Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy Increases Cognitive Decline Without Improving Survival
A federally funded phase III trial found that adding whole-brain radiation therapy to radiosurgery did not significantly extend survival of patients with one to three small metastases of the brain, although it did help to control the growth of brain metastases, as evidenced by imaging studies....
ASCO 2015: Second-Line Afatinib Improves Overall Survival vs Erlotinib in Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
In a phase III head-to-head trial comparing the safety and efficacy of two EGFR-directed treatments, afatinib (Gilotrif) treatment resulted in a significant improvement in overall survival over erlotinib (Tarceva) in patients with previously treated advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung....
ASCO 2015: Obinutuzumab Doubles Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Relapsed, Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Adding the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab (Gazyva) to standard bendamustine (Treanda) chemotherapy and then following that with single-agent obinutuzumab maintenance therapy “resulted in a statistically significant, but more importantly, a clinically meaningful increase in...
ASCO 2015: Study Clarifies Best Treatments for Non–Clear Cell Kidney Cancers
A head-to-head comparison of two biologic therapies used to treat a subset of patients with advanced kidney cancers provides much-needed clarity on the preferred method of first-line treatment. The phase II ASPEN trial, led by researchers at the Duke Cancer Institute, is the first and largest trial ...
ASCO 2015: Nivolumab Extends Survival for Patients With Nonsquamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Superior overall survival was experienced by patients receiving the anti–PD-1 antibody nivolumab (Opdivo) in a randomized phase III study of patients with nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease progressed after a platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. Study...
ASCO 2015: Mismatch Repair Deficiency Predicts Response to Pembrolizumab Among Patients With Colorectal and Other Cancers
A phase II study identified the first genomic marker—mismatch repair deficiency—to predict clinical benefit of immune checkpoint blockade with the anti–PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab (Keytruda). Among 50 patients with colorectal cancer, 62% of the 25 patients with mismatch...
UK Trial Shows Neoadjuvant Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Noninferior to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
In the UK phase III CHORUS trial reported in The Lancet, Kehoe et al found that a strategy of three cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy followed by delayed surgery and three additional cycles of chemotherapy was associated with overall survival noninferior to that achieved with surgery followed...
Obesity Poses Greater Prostate Cancer Risk for African American vs White Men
In an analysis of participants in the SELECT prevention trial reported in JAMA Oncology, Barrington et al found that obesity in African American men was associated with a greater risk of prostate cancer than in white men. African American men have the highest prostate cancer incidence and mortality ...
Polish Study Shows Inherited PALB2 Mutation Confers Greater Risk and Poorer Outcome of Breast Cancer
In a Polish prospective cohort analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Cybulski et al found that PALB2 mutation carriers had increased risk of breast cancer and that those with breast cancer had significantly reduced long-term survival. Study Details In the study, genotyping for two...
More Than One-Third of Patients Diagnosed With Hepatocellular Carcinoma as Outpatients Have Diagnostic Delays
Nearly 20% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma “wait more than 3 months from presentation to diagnosis, which can contribute to interval tumor growth,” Patel et al concluded in the Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. They based their conclusions on a review of...
ASCO Releases Proposal for Payment Reform to Support Higher-Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care
Expanding on the Consolidated Payments for Oncology Care (CPOC) payment model circulated last year to improve the quality and affordability of care for patients with cancer, ASCO’s new Patient-Centered Oncology Payment: Payment Reform to Support Higher Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care...
Sacituzumab Govitecan Receives Fast Track Designation for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted Fast Track designation to Immunomedics’ lead antibody-drug conjugate sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have failed two prior lines of ...
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Achieves Better Overall Survival Than Surgery in Stage I NSCLC
Patients with operable stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could achieve better overall survival rates if treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy rather than the invasive surgery, the current standard of care, according to research from a phase III randomized international...
ASCO 2015: Experimental Immunotherapy Shows High Response Rate in Advanced Lung Cancer
An early-phase study testing the anti–PD-L1 agent MPDL3280A in combination with standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has provided promising early results, prompting multiple phase III studies in lung cancer. The findings are being...
Targeted Massively Parallel Sequencing Study Indicates Similarity of Somatic Driver Mutations in NSCLC for African American vs European Ancestry
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Araujo et al used targeted massively parallel sequencing to produce an in-depth molecular profile of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in African Americans. Comparison with findings in patients of European/white ancestry with NSCLC...
Study Identifies Factors Contributing to Disparities in Cancer Treatment Based on HIV Status
A survey sent to medical and radiation oncologists to identify factors contributing to observed disparities in cancer treatment between patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those not infected found that 21% of physicians would alter their treatment recommendations based on...
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Nivolumab Active in Heavily Pretreated Advanced NSCLC
In a phase I cohort expansion trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gettinger et al found that monotherapy with the anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor antibody nivolumab (Opdivo) produced durable responses and promising survival rates in patients...
New Study Finds Racial Differences in Survival Among Men With Breast Cancer
A study by Sineshaw et al has found that black men with early-stage breast cancer who were younger than age 65 had a 76% higher risk of death than whites. However, the disparity was significantly reduced after adjusting for differences in insurance and income, suggesting the importance of...
ASCO Endorses ASTRO Guideline on External-Beam Radiotherapy for Patients With Locally Advanced NSCLC
ASCO issued an endorsement of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based guideline on external-beam radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The ASCO endorsement was published by Bezjak et al in the Journal of Clinical...
Population-Based Study Finds Patients With Gastrointestinal Tumors at Higher Risk of Other Cancers
Researchers at the University of California (UC) San Diego School of Medicine conducted the first population-based study that characterizes the association and temporal relationship between gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other cancers. The results, published by Murphy et al in Cancer,...
Long-Term Use of Statins May Reduce Risk of Lung Cancer Death
A large population-based British study of newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer has found that those who had prolonged use of statins, especially simvastatin, had a 19% reduction in lung cancer deaths. Among all patients, those who used statins in the year before their lung cancer diagnosis had ...
Multigene Panel Testing Provides Broader Information About Breast Cancer Risk
For women with a family history of breast cancer, new multigene panel testing yields greater information about cancer risk while assessing deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations as accurately as BRCA testing alone, according to a study presented at the American Society of Breast Surgeons Annual Meeting....
EGFR Inhibitor Rociletinib Active in EGFR T790M Mutation–Positive NSCLC Previously Treated With EGFR Inhibitors
In a phase I/II study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Sequist et al found that rociletinib—an EGFR inhibitor active in the presence and absence of the EGFR T790M mutation known to mediate resistance to available EGFR inhibitors—produced a high response rate in patients...
AZD9291 Shows Durable Responses in Patients With EGFR-Positive Lung Cancers
A clinical trial of the EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had disease progression after previous treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors has found that the drug was highly active—achieving a 95% disease control rate—in...
Cancer Rates Significantly Increased Among Patients With Hepatitis C
Results presented on April 24 at The International Liver Congress 2015 (Abstract O058) in Vienna, Austria, show that cancer rates in patients with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were significantly increased compared to the non-HCV cohort. The researchers suggest an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV...
FDA Announces Clinical Trial Endpoints for Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs
This week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released its guidance for industry document Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs and Biologics, which allows companies to use several types of clinical trial endpoints, including overall survival...
Crizotinib Receives Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the Treatment of ROS1-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to crizotinib (Xalkori) for the potential treatment of patients with ROS1-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Crizotinib currently is approved in the United States for the treatment of patients...
Association of Lipid Levels With Breast Cancer Risk in Women With Extensive Mammographic Density
In a nested case-control study reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Martin et al found that higher HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) levels and lower non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in women...
Pretreatment PET Metabolic Tumor Volume Is Associated With Outcome in Stage III NSCLC
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ohri et al found that higher pretreatment metabolic tumor volume on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was associated with poorer overall survival and an increased risk of locoregional failure in...
