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Showing 20451 - 20500Study Finds Racial Differences in BRAF/KRAS Mutation and Disease-Free Survival in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Yoon et al found that among patients with stage III colon cancer in the Alliance N0147 trial, Asians had the lowest rate of BRAF/KRAS mutations and longer disease-free survival vs whites among patients with N2 disease and that...
Study Explores Link Between MAPK Pathway Alteration and Long-Term Response to MEK Inhibitor in Serous Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Grisham et al identified a novel alteration in the MAP2K1 gene encoding for MEK1 that appeared to explain a complete response ongoing for more than 5 years in a patient treated with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib for metastatic low-grade...
Long-Term Remissions Reported in CLL Personalized Cell Therapy Trial
In the first trial of the University of Pennsylvania's personalized cellular therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 8 of 14 patients responded to the therapy, with some complete remissions continuing past 4.5 years. These results, published by Porter et al in Science Translational...
Researchers Discover Novel Marker for Retinoblastoma
A new marker already linked to other types of cancer was found to play a role in the most common childhood primary tumor inside the eye, researchers at the University of Michigan Health System have found. Their findings were published by Khan et al in Laboratory Investigation. Retinoblastoma is a...
Pembrolizumab Treatment May Cause Immune Cells to Express Markers of Reinvigoration
Treating patients with metastatic melanoma with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda) caused immune cells called CD8-positive T cells in the patient’s blood to express markers of reinvigoration, according to data being presented at the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer...
Preclinical Study Shows Small-Protein Immunotherapeutic May Have More Antitumor Activity Than Conventional Antibodies
An engineered high-affinity programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) small protein that can bind to PD-L1 (PD-1 ligand) on tumors was found to be a more effective anticancer immunotherapeutic than conventional anti–PD-L1 antibodies, and this small protein was more effective in synergizing with...
Frequency of Certain Immune Cells in Blood May Predict Response to Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Melanoma
Among patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda), those whose cancer responded to the treatment had a higher frequency of T cells that were positive for the proteins CD8, PD-1, and Bim (CD8+PD-1+Bim+ T cells) in blood samples taken immediately...
Chemotherapy Pretreatment May Boost Effectiveness of CAR T-Cell Therapy in Patients With Lymphoma and Leukemia
A small phase I/IIa study of third-generation CD19 CAR (chimeric-antigen receptor) T-cell therapy combined with chemotherapy pretreatment has resulted in complete responses in 6 of the 11 patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma and leukemia enrolled in the study. Although CAR T-cell...
Brazilian Wasp Venom May Be Active Against Cancer Cells
The social wasp Polybia paulista protects itself against predators by producing venom known to contain a powerful cancer-fighting ingredient. A Biophysical Journal study published by Bueno Leite et al revealed how the venom's toxin—called MP1 (Polybia-MP1)—may selectively kill cancer...
Genetic Sequencing May Impact Treatment for Children With Rare, Aggressive Cancers
For children with rare, aggressive, and advanced cancer, precision medicine may help doctors determine their best treatment options, a new study found. Using information from a patient's entire genome helped to suggest personalized treatment options for nearly half of children with cancer and...
AACR’s Cancer Progress Report Details Major Advances in Cancer and Rising Costs of Treatment
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) 2015 Cancer Progress Report highlighted the accelerated pace of the number of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted therapies over the past 5 years, which reached 52 this year; the dramatic increase in the 5-year survival rate...
Study Finds No Recurrence-Free Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection or Ablation
In the phase III STORM trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Bruix et al found no benefit with adjuvant sorafenib (Nexavar) treatment in patients who had undergone resection or ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Study Details In this double-blind trial, 1,114 patients from 202 sites in 28...
Japanese Phase II Trial Shows Activity of Nivolumab in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
In a Japanese phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Hamanishi et al found that the anti–PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) antibody nivolumab (Opdivo) was active in patients with relapsed or advanced platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Study Details In the study,...
Persistent Leukemia-Associated Mutations After Induction Therapy Predict Poorer Outcome in AML
In a study reported in JAMA, Klco et al found that persistence of leukemia-associated mutations in ≥ 5% of bone marrow cells at remission predicted poorer outcome among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including those with intermediate-risk disease. Study Details In the study,...
Trebananib Plus Sunitinib Active in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer
In a phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Atkins et al found that combined treatment with the recombinant peptide-Fc fusion protein trebananib and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor sunitinib (Sutent) was active in metastatic renal cell cancer and...
ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update: Systemic Therapy for Stage IV NSCLC
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Masters et al, ASCO has issued a clinical practice guideline update on systemic therapy for stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recommendations are based on an update committee systematic review of randomized controlled trials...
Study Explores Link Between Breast Cancer Recurrence Score and Chemotherapy Use
A genetic test that helps predict whether some women’s breast cancer will recur might influence how chemotherapy is used, according to a study from Duke Medicine. The study found that low-risk patients who had the test appeared to opt for more treatment, and high-risk patients who were...
Internationally Acclaimed Cancer Researcher, Gianni Bonadonna, MD, Dies at 81
Gianni Bonadonna, MD, was considered the “Father of Italian Oncology,” but his scientific contributions to the field and his generous collegial spirit extended far beyond the shores of his native land. Dr. Bonadonna was at the forefront in the battle to convince the surgical...
WCLC: Cetuximab May Improve Survival in Some Patients With EGFR-Positive Squamous NSCLC
Analysis of a large phase III trial (S0819) suggested that adding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab (Erbitux) to chemotherapy benefits survival in patients with squamous cell non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with tumors positive...
WCLC: Effect of EGFR Protein and EGFR Gene Copy Number in SQUIRE Trial
Previously, researchers reporting on the SQUIRE study demonstrated that the addition of necitumumab to gemcitabine-cisplatin improved overall survival in patients with stage IV squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Following up on these findings, Fred R. Hirsch, MD, PhD,...
WCLC: Adding Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy Does Not Improve Overall Survival in Early-Stage NSCLC
Adding the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin) to chemotherapy for patients with surgically removed non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) did not improve overall survival, according to research (Abstract PLEN04.03) presented at the 16th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) in Denver,...
WCLC: Bevacizumab Plus Standard Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Mesothelioma
The standard of care for malignant pleural mesothelioma may be poised for change, judging by results from a study (Abstract ORAL11.01) by the French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup. The addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) in the first-line setting to the current standard of care, pemetrexed...
WCLC: Impact of Time to Drug Approval on Potential Years of Life Lost
Every hour lost to the cancer drug regulatory process costs 29 life-years lost in the United States and 260 life-years worldwide, according to research (Abstract ORAL12.05) presented on September 7 at the 16th World Conference on Lung Cancer hosted by the International Association of the...
Improved Overall Survival With FOLFOXIRI/Bevacizumab vs FOLFIRI/Bevacizumab in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In an updated analysis of the Italian phase III TRIBE trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Cremolini et al found that FOLFOXIRI (fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, oxaliplatin, irinotecan) plus bevacizumab (Avastin) significantly prolonged overall survival in patients with unresectable metastatic...
Dose Equivalence Analysis Indicates Reduced Risk of Late Heart Failure With Daunorubicin vs Doxorubicin in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Feijen et al found that daunorubicin may be associated with reduced risk of late heart failure vs doxorubicin in survivors of childhood cancer. Study Details The study included data from 15,815 survivors of childhood cancer who survived...
BRAF V600 Mutation Appears to Be Targetable Oncogene in Some but Not All Nonmelanoma Cancers
In a phase II histology-independent basket study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Hyman et al found that the BRAF V600 kinase inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) exhibited activity in some but not all nonmelanoma cancers with BRAF V600 mutations. Study Details In the study, 122...
Online Database Helps Organize Clinically Important Cancer Gene Mutations
Many clinical trials use genome sequencing to learn which genetic mutations are present in a patient’s tumor cells. The question is important, because targeting the right mutations with the right drugs can stop cancer in its tracks. But it can be difficult to determine which particular...
Survivors of Childhood Cancer Have High Risk of Recurrent Stroke
Recent evidence suggests that survivors of childhood cancer have a high risk of suffering a stroke at a surprisingly young age. A new study from the UC San Francisco Pediatric Brain Center shows that childhood cancer survivors suffering one stroke have double the risk of suffering a second stroke...
Increased Risk of Cancers After Age 40 in Childhood Cancer Survivors
In an analysis from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Turcotte et al found that survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms after age 40 years. Study Details The study involved data from 3,171 survivors of...
Combination of Chemotherapy and T-Cell Immunotherapy May Provide Novel Treatment Strategy for Glioblastoma
A preclinical study has found that a combination of decitabine and T-cell immunotherapy demonstrated antitumor activity against glioblastomas in mouse models and was about 50% effective at curing the disease. The results, reported by Everson et al in Neuro-Oncology, show an innovative,...
Pooled Analysis Shows Improved Outcomes With Continuous vs Fixed-Duration Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
In a pooled analysis of trials assessing novel agent-based continuous therapy vs fixed duration of therapy reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Palumbo et al found that continuous therapy prolonged progression-free survival, progression-free survival-2 (time to second progression or...
ASCO Releases Updated Policy Statement on Genetic and Genomic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) issued an updated policy statement on genetic and genomic testing for cancer susceptibility. Published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, the statement reviews the ways in which new technologies are transforming the assessment and identification of ...
AAV2 Virus May Be Linked to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With No History of Cirrhosis or Other Risk Factors
More than a cause of a simple infection, viruses are often involved in the development of serious diseases. Such is the case with liver cancer, which often develops in an organ that has been weakened by hepatitis B or C virus. Researchers at Inserm, the Paris Public Hospitals (AP-HP), Paris...
High Use of Complementary or Alternative Medicines in Older Patients With Cancer
Alternative medicines are widely thought to be at least harmless, and very often helpful, for a wide range of discomforts and illnesses. However, although they’re marketed as “natural,” they often contain active ingredients that can react chemically and biologically with other...
Study Finds Modified CAR T Cells Can Selectively Target Solid Tumor Cells While Sparing Healthy Cells
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that are currently being tested to treat B-cell malignancies target a specific protein present on leukemia and lymphoma cells, but these immune cells cannot distinguish the cancer cells from healthy cells. However, the side effects from these CAR T cells...
Similar Outcomes With Tinzaparin vs Warfarin in Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer
In the phase III CATCH trial reported in JAMA, Lee et al found that the low–molecular-weight heparin tinzaparin (Innohep) did not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism vs warfarin in the treatment of acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with active...
Activity of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Kinase Inhibitor in Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors
In a phase I study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Tap et al found that a newly developed inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) kinase showed activity in tenosynovial giant cell tumors. CSF1 gene expression is elevated in most such tumors. The structure of the...
Aspirin Reduces Obesity-Related Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients With Lynch Syndrome
In an analysis of a randomized trial of aspirin in patients with Lynch syndrome reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Movahedi et al found that obesity was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, with the excess risk being restricted to those not receiving aspirin. ...
Fertility Concerns and Side Effects Keep Many Young Women With Breast Cancer From Taking or Completing Tamoxifen
Concerns about fertility kept one-third of young women with breast cancer surveyed in a recent study from taking tamoxifen, despite its known benefit in reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence. In addition, the study found fertility concerns led one-quarter of women who started...
Pericytes May Help Some Tumors Evade the Immune System
A study by researchers at Sweden's Karolinska Institutet is reportedly the first to suggest that cells in the tumor blood vessels contribute to a local environment that protects the cancer cells from tumor-killing immune cells. The results, published by Hong et al in the Journal of the...
Study Validates Method for Patient Reporting of Cancer Drug–Related Adverse Events
In cancer clinical trials, doctors typically report side effects that patients experience—not patients themselves. Previous research has shown that doctors underreport these symptoms. Ethan Basch, MD, MSc, Director of the UNC Lineberger Cancer Outcomes Research Program and Associate...
Black Women Have Higher Frequency of BRCA Mutations Than Previously Reported
Women who have inherited mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene are more likely to develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer, especially at a younger age. Approximately 5% of women with breast cancer in the United States have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, based on estimates in non-Hispanic white women. ...
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Lack of Sprouting Angiogenesis in Development of Lymph Node Metastases
In preclinical and clinical studies reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Jeong et al found a lack of sprouting angiogenesis in the formation of lymph node metastases, suggesting a potential mechanism for resistance to antiangiogenic treatments in adjuvant settings. The study...
Report of Secondary Outcomes in NSABP B-40 Indicates Improved Overall Survival With Neoadjuvant Plus Adjuvant Bevacizumab in Early Breast Cancer
The phase III NSABP B-40 (NRG Oncology) trial showed that the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to docetaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pathologic complete response rate, the primary endpoint, in patients with early HER2-negative breast cancer. In a report of secondary outcomes in The...
Longer Colonoscopies Linked to Lower Rate of Colorectal Cancer
Research by a Veterans Affairs team has confirmed that longer-lasting colonoscopies are associated with lower cancer rates. Their findings were published by Shaukat et al in Gastroenterology, and were based on nearly 77,000 screening colonoscopies. Experts already know about the link between...
Beta-Blockers May Prolong Survival in Women With Ovarian Cancer
In a first-of-its-kind study, researchers demonstrated a benefit in overall survival among patients with epithelial ovarian cancer receiving generic beta-blocker heart medications. Survival was shown to be greatest among those prescribed first-generation nonselective beta-blockers. According to...
European Trial Indicates No Additional Benefit From Preoperative Radiotherapy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC
In a phase III trial reported in The Lancet, Pless et al in the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research found that adding preoperative radiation following neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not appear to improve outcomes vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone in patients with stage IIIA/N2 non–small...
Introduction of Generic Aromatase Inhibitors Reduces Decline in Adherence in Medicare D Breast Cancer Patients Without Low-Income Subsidy
Adherence to aromatase inhibitor treatment for breast cancer declines over time. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Neuner et al found that introduction of generic aromatase inhibitors resulted in a reduction in decline in adherence among patients with breast...
Patients With Fewer Than 50 Moles May Be at Risk for More Aggressive Melanoma
People with more than 50 moles have an increased risk of developing melanoma, but those with fewer than 50 moles should still be alert for this disease. In fact, according to new research presented at the American Academy of Dermatology’s 2015 Summer Academy Meeting in New York, those with...
Study Finds Many Women Experience Long-Term Psychosocial Consequences of False-Positive Screening Mammography
Although mammographic screening leads to reductions in breast cancer mortality, some women experience psychosocial side effects and do not benefit from screening, according to a study by Bolejko et al investigating the prevalence and predictors of the psychosocial consequences of false-positive...
