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Showing 17451 - 17500Improved Survival with Adjuvant FOLFOX vs Fluorouracil/Leucovorin After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
In a Korean phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hong et al found that adjuvant FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin) prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival vs 5-FU/leucovorin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had received neoadjuvant...
ASTRO: Long-Term Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Plus High-Dose Radiation Therapy Improves Biochemical Control and Survival Rates in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer patients who receive high-dose radiation therapy followed by a longer period of androgen-deprivation therapy have higher 5-year biochemical disease–free survival and overall survival rates compared to patients who receive high-dose radiation therapy and a shorter duration of...
Adding Cediranib to Olaparib Improves Progression-Free Survival and Increases Toxicity in Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian Cancer
In a randomized phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Liu et al found a significant improvement in progression-free survival and an increase in toxicity with the addition of the antiangiogenic agent cediranib (VEGFR-1,-2,-3 inhibitor) to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in women with recurrent ...
Baseline Results of the UK Phase III ProtecT Trial of Active Monitoring, Radical Prostatectomy, or Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
The UK phase III ProtecT trial is comparing the effectiveness of active monitoring, radical prostatectomy, and radiotherapy in men with localized prostate cancer. Lane et al have provided baseline results of the trial in an article in The Lancet Oncology. Study Details In the trial, men aged 50...
Anti-CD19 CAR T-Cell Treatment Effective in Chemotherapy-Refractory B-Cell Malignancies
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kochenderfer et al found that single infusions of autologous T cells expressing an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) produced responses in nearly all patients with chemotherapy-refractory CD19-positive B-cell malignancies, including...
Little Molecular Difference and No Prognostic Effect of Clinical HER2 Status in Context of Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtypes
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Prat et al found that there was little difference in downstream gene or protein expression according to intrinsic breast cancer subtypes among clinical HER2-positive vs -negative breast cancers and that clinical HER2 status did...
ASTRO: Pretreatment Serum Levels of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 Predictive of Outcomes in Esophageal Cancer
Serum levels of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 may be helpful in tailoring neoadjuvant treatment regimens for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, according to research presented at the American Society for Radiation Oncology’s (ASTRO) 56th Annual Meeting (Abstract 10). Results of...
ASTRO: Shorter Course of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Yields Improved Quality of Life for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients
Patients with high-risk prostate cancer who received radiation therapy and an 18-month course of androgen-deprivation therapy recovered a normal testosterone level in a shorter amount of time compared to those who received a 36-month course of androgen-deprivation therapy. The shorter course of...
ASTRO: Radiation Therapy Improves Survival in Patients With Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Patients with stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma who received consolidated radiation experienced improved 10-year survival rates, according to research presented at the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) 56th Annual Meeting (Abstract CT-08). The 10-year survival rate for patients who...
Genomic Analysis Reveals That a High-Risk Leukemia Subtype Becomes More Common With Age
More than one-quarter of young adults with the most common form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia have a high-risk subtype with a poor prognosis and may benefit from drugs widely used to treat other types of leukemia that are more common in adults, according to multi-institutional research led by St. ...
No Significant Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Ramucirumab to First-Line Docetaxel in Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
In the phase III ROSE/TRIO-12 trial, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mackey et al found no significant improvement in investigator-assessed progression-free survival by adding the antiangiogenic VEGFR-2 inhibitor ramucirumab (Cyramza) to first-line docetaxel in women with...
Modeling Study Critical of Intensive Colonoscopy Screening in Medicare Population
A modeling study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine by van Hees and colleagues showed that colonoscopy screening at intervals shorter than 10 years or continuing past 75 years of age in the Medicare population is associated with a reduced net health benefit from a societal perspective. Study ...
Partial Nephrectomy and Percutaneous Ablation for cT1 Renal Masses Produce Similar Rates of Local Tumor Recurrence
Recurrence-free survival rates were similar for patients with cT1 renal masses who underwent partial nephrectomy or percutaneous cryoablation, according to the results of a retrospective trial reported by Thompson et al in European Urology. However, metastases-free survival was superior for...
Modeling Study Indicates Little Survival Difference With Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Without BRCA Mutation
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Portschy et al found an absolute 20-year overall survival difference of < 1% with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with stage I or II breast cancer without BRCA mutation. The authors had hypothesized that the...
ALK Rearrangements Are Associated With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Non‒Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases
Compared with mutations in EGFR, KRAS, or with patients with no known mutations, ALK rearrangements were independently associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received radiotherapy for brain metastases, according to the results of a...
No Benefit of Adding Cetuximab to Cisplatin and Accelerated Radiotherapy in Stage III or IV Head and Neck Carcinoma
Use of cisplatin or cetuximab (Erbitux) with radiotherapy improves overall survival in stage III or IV head and neck carcinoma, and adding cetuximab to platinum therapy improves overall survival in metastatic disease. In the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0522 trial reported in...
Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy After Surgery Is an Effective Treatment for High-Risk Endometrial Cancer
Radiation therapy with concurrent paclitaxel chemotherapy following surgery is an effective treatment for high-risk endometrial cancer, according to a study reported by Cho et al in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics Endometrial...
ASCO and Cancer Care Ontario Release Clinical Practice Guideline for Systemic Therapy in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
The ASCO Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee and the Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) program in evidence-based care have released a clinical practice guideline on systemic therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The guideline is reported by Basch et al in the Journal of...
Olaparib Tablet Found Safe and Effective in Heavily Pretreated Patients With Ovarian Cancer
A phase Ib clinical trial of the tablet form of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer finds the drug to be safe and effective, especially in those women with BRCA gene mutations. The...
National Lung Screening Trial Analysis Finds Low-Dose CT Screening Identifies More Lung Cancers in Older vs Younger Participants
Findings from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) showed that screening high-risk individuals (smoking history of ≥ 30 pack-years) aged 55 to 74 with low-dose computed tomography (CT) vs chest radiography reduced lung cancer mortality. Following the study results, the U.S. Preventive...
Disparities Persist in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treatment
Despite its acceptance as standard of care for early-stage breast cancer almost 25 years ago, barriers still exist that preclude patients from receiving breast-conserving therapy, with some still opting for a mastectomy, according to research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center....
Novel Immunotherapy Vaccine Decreases Recurrence in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients
A new breast cancer vaccine candidate, GP2, provides further evidence of the potential of immunotherapy in preventing disease recurrence. This is especially the case for high-risk patients when it is combined with a powerful immunotherapy drug. These findings were presented at the 2014 Breast...
FDA Approves Pembrolizumab for Advanced Melanoma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today granted accelerated approval to the anti–PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for the treatment of patients with advanced or unresectable melanoma who are no longer responding to other drugs. Pembrolizumab is intended for use following...
Study Finds No Link Between Wearing a Bra and Breast Cancer
Despite conjecture in the lay media that wearing a bra may be a risk factor for breast cancer based on the potential for bras to interfere with lymph circulation and drainage, hampering the removal of waste and toxins, there were few scientific studies investigating the issue. Now, a new study by...
ASCO Issues New Guideline on Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Advanced HER2-Negative or Unknown HER2 Status Breast Cancer
The American Society of Clinical Oncology has released a new clinical practice guideline on chemotherapy and targeted therapy for women with advanced HER2-negative or unknown HER2 status breast cancer. The guideline is published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. In formulating the consensus...
Study Finds Significant Increase in Bilateral Mastectomies Despite Lack of Survival Benefit
Results from a large population-based study of 189,734 women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in California show the percentage opting for a bilateral mastectomy has increased substantially over the past decade even though the procedure was not associated with a lower risk of death than...
Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Tumor Subtype Are Strong Predictors of Locoregional Breast Cancer Recurrence
An analysis of data from 12 large clinical trials found that the cancer’s pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and tumor subtype are strong predictors of locoregional breast cancer recurrence. According to the researchers, the study showed that these two predictors may be more...
Patients With Peritoneal Hepatocellular Carcinoma May Benefit From Cytoreductive Surgery With or Without Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Cytoreductive surgery with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy extended survival over systemic therapy alone in well-selected candidates with peritoneal hepatocellular carcinoma, according to the results of a small retrospective trial reported by Tabrizian et al in the Journal of...
Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters More Likely to Cause Metastasis Than Single Cells
Circulating tumor cell clusters—clumps of from 2 to 50 tumor cells that break off a primary tumor and are carried through the bloodstream—appear to be much more likely to cause metastasis than are single circulating tumor cells, according to a study from investigators at the...
Adding Lenalidomide to R-CHOP Appears to Overcome Negative Prognostic Impact of the Non-Germinal Center B-Cell Phenotype in DLBCL
A phase II study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Nowakowski et al indicates that the addition of lenalidomide (Revlimid) to R-CHOP (rituximab [Rituxan] plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone)—a regimen known as R2CHOP—overcomes the negative...
Study Provides Blueprint for Next Generation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatment
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah have identified and characterized mutated forms of the gene that encodes BCR-ABL, the unregulated enzyme driving chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The findings by Zabriskie et al were published in Cancer Cell. Although tyrosine ...
Differences in Radiotherapy Coverage in the ACOSOG Z0011/Alliance Trial in Breast Cancer
The ACOSOG Z0011/Alliance trial showed that axillary lymph node dissection provides no benefit over sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer with one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes undergoing lumpectomy, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. In an analysis reported in the...
Better Survival, but Narrowing Gap, With Surgical vs Nonsurgical Treatment of Advanced Laryngeal Cancer
Although chemoradiation has been increasingly used in advanced laryngeal cancer as part of an organ-preservation strategy, there is concern that this practice may have contributed to a decline in survival suggested by some data in this setting. In a population-based cohort study reported in JAMA...
Promising Activity of Ibrutinib Plus Rituximab in High-Risk CLL
In a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Burger et al found that the combination of ibrutinib (Imbruvica) and rituximab (Rituxan) showed promising activity and an encouraging safety profile in patients with previously treated or untreated high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)....
No Mortality Differences With Intermediate- or Short-Term Androgen Suppression With or Without Zoledronic Acid in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
In a phase III Australian/New Zealand trial (TROG 03.04 RADAR) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Denham et al found no differences in prostate cancer–specific or all-cause mortality with intermediate-term androgen suppression and radiotherapy or short-term suppression plus radiotherapy with or ...
Active Surveillance for Clinical Stage I Testicular Cancer Associated With ‘Excellent’ Outcomes
In a retrospective study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kollmannsberger et al found that active surveillance for patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer is associated with very good outcomes. Most relapses occurred within 2 years of orchiectomy in patients with nonseminoma...
Study Estimates Risk of Premature Menopause After Treatment for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Previous research has suggested that women with Hodgkin lymphoma who receive certain types of chemotherapy or radiotherapy are at increased risk of future infertility, but there was insufficient information to provide patients with detailed advice. In a study published in the Journal of the...
Brachytherapy With Ruthenium-106 Found to Be Safe and Effective in Patients With Uveal Melanoma
Approximately half of all patients with posterior uveal melanoma develop metastatic liver disease within 15 years. Although brachytherapy utilizing current isotopes may be hindered by associated toxicities, the isotope ruthenium-106 has been reintroduced into the U.S. market. In a study published...
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Reduces Postoperative Morbidity in Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Mastectomy
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Abt et al found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe in women with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was an independent predictor of reduced 30-day postoperative morbidity in women...
Genomic Sequencing Reveals Unique Genetic Alterations in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
An international scientific collaboration led by Baylor College of Medicine as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas initiative has revealed clues about genetic alterations that may contribute to a rare form of kidney cancer. The study, which describes the landscape of somatic genomic alterations of...
Swedish Study Reports Increasing Rates of Severe Infection Requiring Hospitalization After Prostate Biopsy
Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is the standard for detecting prostate cancer, but international reports have suggested that the risks associated with the procedure are increasing. In a new nationwide population-based study reported in The Journal of Urology, Swedish researchers found that 6%...
Poorer Psychosexual Functioning in Adult Female Survivors of Childhood Cancer
In an analysis in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study population reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ford et al found that adult woman survivors of childhood cancer have poorer psychosexual function than their siblings without childhood cancer. Risk factors for poorer function included...
Jesse L. Steinfeld, MD, Past Surgeon General, ASCO President, and Valiant Foe of Big Tobacco, Dies at 87
The 1964 Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health started a culture change in the way Americans viewed tobacco and their health, and has saved countless million of lives. But the 1964 Report remained scientifically ambiguous on certain vital issues, such as the effect smoking had on the ...
Survival of Patients With a Common Lymphoma Is Worse Among Those With Low Income
Despite advances in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma), including the introduction of rituximab (Rituxan), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients living in low-socioeconomic-status neighborhoods have a 34% greater risk of dying from...
More Than 50% of Older, Sick Adults Receive Cancer Screenings Unlikely to Provide Benefit
Despite updates on cancer screening guidelines from several medical societies—including ASCO, the American Cancer Society, the American Urological Association, the American College of Physicians, as well as the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force—which use life expectancy and/or age as...
Body Mass Index Positively Associated With Many Cancers in UK Study
In a UK population-based cohort study of associations between body mass index (BMI) and 22 specific cancers reported in The Lancet by Bhaskaran et al, positive associations were found for most cancers and were strongest for uterine, gallbladder, kidney, cervix, thyroid, liver, colon, ovarian, and...
More Accurate Identification of Molecular Subgroups May Better Guide Neoadjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer
BluePrint in combination with MammaPrint molecular subtyping reclassified more than 20% of breast cancer patients into a different subgroup compared with conventional assessment, according to the results of the prospective Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial (NBRST). In Annals of Surgical...
Previous Pulmonary Disease May Be Linked to Increased Lung Cancer Risk in Large Study
Links between a number of common respiratory diseases and an increased risk of developing lung cancer have been found in a large pooled analysis of seven studies involving more than 25,000 individuals. The findings by Denholm et al were published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical...
Study Detects New ALK Mutations at Neuroblastoma Relapse
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Schleiermacher et al found ALK mutations at relapse of neuroblastoma that were not present at diagnosis. They also found that subclonal mutations may be present at diagnosis with clonal expansion observed at relapse. The study involved...
NORCCAP Trial Shows Reduced Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality With Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening at 11-Year Follow-up
The Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention Trial comparing colorectal cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy vs no screening showed no reduction in colorectal cancer incidence or mortality after 7 years of follow-up. As reported by Holme et al in JAMA, the 11-year follow-up shows significant...
