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Showing 8601 - 8650Intrachromosomal Amplification of Chromosome 21 Associated With Poor Outcome in Children With ALL
Intrachromosomal amplification of a region of chromosome 21 (iAMP21; three or more extra copies of RUNX1 on an abnormal chromosome 21) is a recently identified recurrent genomic abnormality associated with poorer outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In a study reported in Journal of...
Tumor Measurements Predict Survival in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
For the two-thirds of lung cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, tumor size is not used currently to predict overall survival times. However, a new study led by researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center has shown that even in advanced stages total tumor size can have ...
Finasteride Reduces Risk of Low-Grade Prostate Cancer With No Impact on Long-Term Survival
In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), initially reported in 2003, finasteride significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer by 24.8% but was associated with a relative 26.9% increase in risk of high-grade disease compared with placebo. In a study reported in The New England Journal of ...
No Invasive Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Bevacizumab to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
In a study (the BEATRICE trial) reported in Lancet Oncology, David Cameron, MD, of the University of Edinburgh, and colleagues evaluated the strategy of adding the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab (Avastin) to adjuvant chemotherapy in women with triple-negative breast cancer. The study showed that...
Study Finds 1 in 5 Women Don’t Believe Their Breast Cancer Risk
Despite taking a tailored risk assessment tool that factors in family history and personal habits, nearly 20% of women did not believe their breast cancer risk, according to a new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. The findings, published in Patient Education and...
Breastfeeding for More Than 6 Months May Protect Against Breast Cancer in Nonsmoking Women
A new analysis has found that breastfeeding for more than 6 months may safeguard nonsmoking mothers against breast cancer. However, the same does not seem to hold true for mothers who smoke. Published early online in the Journal of Clinical Nursing, the findings add to the list of benefits of...
Addition of Sunitinib to Capecitabine Does Not Improve Outcome in Previously Treated Metastatic Breast Cancer
A trial reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by John P. Crown, MD, of the Irish Cooperative Oncology Research Group, and colleagues assessed the addition of the antiangiogenesis agent sunitinib (Sutent) to capecitabine (Xeloda) in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer who...
Age-Related Variations Observed in Treatment of Melanoma
Age-related variations in the treatment of melanoma were observed in a study of melanoma and its management in the elderly compared to younger patients, according to a study by Dragos Ciocan, MD, of the Unité d’Aide Méthodologique, Hôpital Robert Debré, France, and...
Meta-Analysis Indicates Addition of Taxane to Cisplatin/5-FU Induction Improves Outcome in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers
Cisplatin plus fluorouracil (5-FU) induction chemotherapy has been compared with taxane (docetaxel or paclitaxel), cisplatin, and 5-FU in randomized trials in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancers. An updated individual patient data meta-analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology ...
Family Members of Children With Cancer Are Also at Risk for the Disease
Parents and siblings of children with cancer have between a two- and four-times increased risk of developing cancer than first-degree relatives with no childhood cancer patients, according to a study published in the International Journal of Cancer. The study, led by Joshua Schiffman, MD, Medical...
Circulating Estrogens and Androgens Are Associated With Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women
In a study reported in Lancet Oncology, Timothy Key, PhD, of Oxford University, and colleagues in the Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group analyzed data from seven prospective studies to determine associations between sex hormones and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal...
Certain Major Birth Defects Associated With Moderately Increased Cancer Risk in Children
A multistate study led by researchers at the University of Utah has revealed that the risk for childhood cancer is moderately increased among children and young adolescents with certain types of major birth defects. Children born with nonchromosomal birth defects have a two-fold higher risk of...
Cohort Analysis Shows Adjuvant Tamoxifen Reduces Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kelly-Anne Phillips, MD, of Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, and colleagues analyzed the association of adjuvant tamoxifen use and risk of contralateral breast cancer among women carrying BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the ...
Burkitt Lymphoma Survival Outcomes Improve for Younger Patients
According to a new study published in the journal Cancer, the survival outcome of patients with Burkitt lymphoma has improved substantially over the past decade, with notable exceptions. To help doctors and researchers better understand who responds well to treatment and who does not, the study...
No Benefit/Detriment of New Donor in Second Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Leukemia Relapse
Minimal data are available on outcomes of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors after first hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic relapse of acute leukemia. In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Maximilian...
Metformin Use Reduces All-Cause and Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality in Men With Diabetes
In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, David Margel, MD, PhD, of University of Toronto, and colleagues examined the effect of duration of antidiabetic medication exposure after prostate cancer diagnosis on all-cause and prostate cancer–specific mortality in men with diabetes....
Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone Delays Progression and Improves Survival in High-risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, María-Victoria Mateos, MD, PhD, of the Universidad de Salamanca, and colleagues compared induction lenalidomide (Revlimid) plus dexamethasone followed by maintenance lenalidomide with observation in patients with high-risk...
Benefit Seen with Both Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in T-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a report in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sonali M. Smith, MD, of University of Chicago Hospitals, and colleagues analyzed outcomes in a large cohort of autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients with the most common T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma histologies. Their ...
Nonsentinel Lymph Node Positivity Appears to be Significant Prognostic Factor in Patients with Melanoma
Nonsentinel lymph node positivity appears to be a significant prognostic factor in patients with stage III melanoma, according to a study by Anna M. Leung, MD, of the John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, California, and colleagues. The study was published...
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Reduces Breast Cancer Screening Recall Rate Compared to Mammography Alone
The addition of tomosynthesis to standard digital mammography resulted in a 30% reduction in overall recall rates among women being screened for breast cancer, according to a new study published online in Radiology. The results demonstrate that digital tomosynthesis is an effective tool in reducing ...
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommends Screening for Lung Cancer in High-risk Individuals
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force posted its final evidence report and draft recommendation statement on screening for lung cancer. The Task Force is providing an opportunity for public comment on this draft recommendation statement; comments can be submitted from July 30 to August ...
Low-dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Details of First Round of Screening in National Lung Screening Trial
The National Lung Screening Trial found that 3 years of annual screening with low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) reduced lung cancer mortality compared with chest radiography in older persons who were heavy smokers. The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial also...
Higher Incidence of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Found in Regions with Close Proximity to Benzene Release Sites
The incidence of a non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is significantly higher in regions near facilities that release the chemical benzene into the environment, according to a new study published early online in Cancer. This and other studies like it will be critical to identifying and enacting public...
Particulate Matter Air Pollution Contributes to Increased Risk of Lung Cancer in Europe
Ambient air pollution has been associated with lung cancer risk. In a study reported in Lancet Oncology by Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, PhD, of the Danish Cancer Society Research Center, and colleagues, lung cancer incidence in European countries was prospectively assessed according to several measures of ...
No Benefit of Adding Atrasentan to Docetaxel in Advanced Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
The endothelin pathway has a role in bone metastases, which are characteristic of advanced prostate cancer, and the investigational endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan has shown activity in prostate cancer. In the SWOG S0421 trial reported in Lancet Oncology by David I. Quinn, FRACP, of...
Docetaxel Superior to Erlotinib in Second-line Treatment of Advanced NSCLC with Wild-type EGFR
There is ongoing debate about the efficacy of erlotinib (Tarceva) in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have wild-type EGFR. In the TAILOR trial, reported in Lancet Oncology by Marina Chiara Garassino, MD and colleagues, erlotinib was compared with standard ...
Large Study Reveals Increased Cancer Risks Associated with Family History of the Disease
A family history of cancer increases the risk of other members of the family developing not only the same, or concordant, cancer but also a different, or discordant, cancer, according to a large study of 23,000 people in Italy and Switzerland. The study, published in Annals of Oncology, provides a...
No Difference in Event-free Survival with Chemotherapy before vs after Radiation Therapy in Children with High-risk Medulloblastoma
A number of different strategies for combining chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been evaluated in the effort to improve survival in patients with high-risk medulloblastoma. In a trial (POG 9031) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Nancy J. Tarbell, MD, of Massachusetts General Hospital ...
Difference in Breast Cancer Survival Between Black and White Women Has Not Changed Substantially
In an analysis of 5-year survival rates among black and white women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1991 and 2005, black women continued to have a lower rate of survival, with most of the difference related to factors including poorer health of black patients at diagnosis and more advanced...
National Lung Screening Trial Analysis Supports Risk-based Targeting of Smokers for Low-dose CT Screening
The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) showed that screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) resulted in a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality compared with chest radiography in participants aged 55 to 74 years with a minimum of 30 pack-years of smoking and no more than 15 years since...
Progesterone and Estrogen Receptor Expression Are Prognostic Markers for Endometrioid and High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Few markers of ovarian cancer prognosis have been established, perhaps because potential subtype associations are missed in studies including patients with all histopathologic subtypes. In a study reported in Lancet Oncology, Weiva Sieh, PhD, of Stanford University and colleagues assessed the...
American Ginseng Improves Cancer-related Fatigue
In a collaborative phase III trial of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group and Mayo Clinic reported in Journal of the National Cancer Institute by Debra L. Barton, RN, PhD, of the Mayo Clinic, and colleagues, patients with cancer-related fatigue were treated with Wisconsin ginseng (a common...
Accelerated Partial-breast Irradiation Using 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy Causes More Adverse Events Compared with Whole-breast Irradiation
The RAPID trial compared accelerated partial-breast irradiation using three-dimensional (3D) conformal external-beam radiation therapy vs whole-breast irradiation in women with invasive or in situ breast cancer ≤ 3 cm. As reported by Ivo A. Olivotto, MD, FRCPC, of the British Columbia Cancer...
Cancer Survivors Might Have a Decreased Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
The results from a large cohort study of 3.5 million veterans in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System show that most types of cancer were associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease of between 9% and 51%. The cancers associated with the greatest reduction in ...
Bevacizumab/Pemetrexed Maintenance Increases Progression-free Survival vs Bevacizumab Alone in Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC
Maintenance therapy is associated with improved survival in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but few studies have compared active agents in this setting. In a phase III trial (AVAPERL trial) reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Fabrice Barlesi, MD, PhD, of Aix Marseille...
Use of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Kidney Injury
In a study that included more than 10,000 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, use of androgen deprivation therapy was associated with a significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury, with variations observed with certain types of androgen deprivation therapies, according to a study in the ...
Significant Improvement in Overall Survival Seen with Pemetrexed Maintenance after Pemetrexed/Cisplatin Induction in Patients with Advanced NSCLC
In the phase III PARAMOUNT trial, pemetrexed (Alimta) continuation maintenance therapy significantly reduced the risk of disease progression by 38% compared with placebo after pemetrexed/cisplatin induction in patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Final...
Colorectal Cancer Survivors Face Increased Risk of Developing Subsequent Cancers of Different Types
According to a new study, colorectal cancer survivors face an increased risk of developing subsequent primary cancers, particularly second colorectal cancers and small intestinal cancers. These findings, published online in Cancer, may help in the development of screening guidelines for patients...
Predicting Risk of Treatment-related Mortality in Advanced-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Improvements in radiation therapy and the development of chemotherapy regimens, such as MOPP (mechlorethamine [Mustargen], vincristine, procarbazine [Matulane], and prednisone), and ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine), in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma have made the...
Revised International Prognostic Scoring System for MDS Is Better at Predicting Survival than Older Systems
A retrospective analysis of 380 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) registered in the Gruppo Romano Mielodisplasie Italian Regional database, which included data from 13 hematology centers in the Rome area, has found that the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) is...
Critical Pathway in Cell Cycle May Lead to Cancer Development
A team of scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies has identified why disruption of a vital pathway in cell cycle control leads to the proliferation of cancer cells. Their findings on telomeres, published today in Molecular Cell, suggest a potential target for preventive measures...
Nomogram Accurately Predicts Salivary Gland Cancer Recurrence
Oncologists now have a new prognostic tool to help determine the risk of recurrence in patients with carcinoma of the major salivary glands and may help guide their post-treatment surveillance, according to study results published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. Researchers...
Factors Influencing Delay in Breast Cancer Treatment Differ for African American and White Women
Different factors influence delay between diagnosis and first course of treatment for breast cancer for African American and white women, according to a recently published study in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. The study used data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS)...
Infertility in Men Raises Their Risk for Cancer
A cohort study of 2,238 men who were evaluated for infertility at a clinic in Texas from 1989 to 2009 found that those men who had azoospermia, a condition in which no measurable sperm is present, had a 2.2-fold higher cancer risk compared with those who were nonazoospermic. The study was published ...
Technologies for Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease May Help Predict Outcomes for Patients with Leukemia
New evidence suggests that using advanced genetics technologies to monitor for remaining cancer cells after treatment may soon become an effective tool to inform treatment decisions and ultimately predict patient outcomes for patients with a particularly aggressive form of acute lymphocytic...
Afatinib Prolongs Progression-free Survival Compared with Cisplatin plus Pemetrexed in EGFR-mutant Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma
Afatinib is an oral selective ErbB family inhibitor that irreversibly blocks signaling from EGFR/ErbB1, HER2/ErbB2, and ErbB4 and has exhibited broad-spectrum activity against EGFR mutations in preclinical studies. A phase II study of afatinib in EGFR-mutation positive lung adenocarcinoma showed...
High Prediagnosis Red Meat Consumption Associated with Increased All-cause Mortality in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
There is evidence that diets high in red and processed meat are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. In a study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Marjorie L. McCullough, ScD, and colleagues from the Epidemiology Research Program of the American Cancer Society examined the...
ASCO Releases Updated Guideline on Interventions for Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) issued a newly updated clinical practice guideline today on pharmacologic prevention interventions for premenopausal and postmenopausal women who are at increased risk for breast cancer. Compared to the previous version of the guideline, this third...
Volumetric Growth Rate of Small Colorectal Polyps on CT Colonography May Be Useful Risk Marker
The growth rates and clinical importance of small colorectal polyps have not been well established. In a study reported in Lancet Oncology, Perry J. Pickhardt, MD, of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, and colleagues found that volumetric growth rate on computed...
Proton Radiation Is Not Associated with Increased Risk of Secondary Cancers When Compared with Photon Radiation
A retrospective cohort study of 558 patients treated with proton radiation from 1973 to 2001 at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and data from 558 matched patients treated with photon therapy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program cancer...
