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Showing 851 - 900Good Outcomes With Intensive, Interval-Compressed Chemotherapy and Irinotecan as Radiosensitizer in High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Weigel et al in the Children’s Oncology Group, a strategy of dose intensification and interval compression, use of the most active agents determined in phase II window studies, and use of irinotecan as a radiation sensitizer has been found to ...
PARP Inhibitor Olaparib Produces High Response Rate in Metastatic Prostate Cancer With DNA Repair Defects
In a phase II trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Mateo et al found that the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) produced a high response rate in patients with previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with tumors exhibiting defects in DNA repair genes....
No Significant Survival Improvement With Etirinotecan Pegol vs Physician’s Choice in Heavily Pretreated Advanced Breast Cancer
In the phase III BEACON trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Perez et al found that etirinotecan pegol was not associated with a significant increase in overall survival compared with physician’s choice of treatment in women with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer previously...
Ibrutinib Produces Responses in Patients With Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, Hamadani et al describe near-complete and complete responses with the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) in two heavily pretreated patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Patient 1 The first patient was a 28-year-old...
Tailored Education Improves Awareness of Risk for Therapy-Related Complications Among Childhood Cancer Survivors
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Landier et al found that education tailored to personal risk for therapy-related complications improved risk awareness in survivors of childhood cancer. The level of awareness appeared to reach a maximum after several educational sessions....
Study Explores Link Between MAPK Pathway Alteration and Long-Term Response to MEK Inhibitor in Serous Ovarian Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Grisham et al identified a novel alteration in the MAP2K1 gene encoding for MEK1 that appeared to explain a complete response ongoing for more than 5 years in a patient treated with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib for metastatic low-grade...
BRAF Inhibition Successful in Relapsed/Refractory BRAF V600E–Mutant Hairy Cell Leukemia
In two phase II studies reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Tiacci et al found that the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf) produced responses in nearly all patients with BRAF V600E–positive hairy cell leukemia who relapsed after treatment with a purine analog or who had...
Dose Equivalence Analysis Indicates Reduced Risk of Late Heart Failure With Daunorubicin vs Doxorubicin in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Feijen et al found that daunorubicin may be associated with reduced risk of late heart failure vs doxorubicin in survivors of childhood cancer. Study Details The study included data from 15,815 survivors of childhood cancer who survived...
Increased Risk of Cancers After Age 40 in Childhood Cancer Survivors
In an analysis from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Turcotte et al found that survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms after age 40 years. Study Details The study involved data from 3,171 survivors of...
Increased Risk of Intestinal Obstruction and Mortality in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
As reported by Madenci et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, an analysis from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study showed that childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of intestinal obstruction requiring surgery at ≥ 5 years after cancer diagnosis and poorer overall survival. Study...
Study Evaluates Breast Cancer Mortality in Women With DCIS
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Narod et al found that the risk of breast cancer mortality was elevated in some patients with ductal carcinoma in situ compared with the general population, with the risk being higher in younger vs older women and black vs white women. Approximately half of...
Rolapitant Reduced Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy or Anthracycline/Cyclophosphamide
In a phase III study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Schwartzberg et al found that the addition of rolapitant to serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and dexamethasone treatment significantly improved complete response rates in prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients...
Analysis Indicates That Tubal Ligation Is Associated With Lower Endometrial Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Improved Survival
In an analysis from the NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group 210 trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Felix et al found that tubal ligation, which should impede transtubal passage of cells, was associated with lower stage of endometrial cancer at presentation and...
POLE-Mutant and Microsatellite-Unstable Endometrial Tumors May Be Candidates for Anti–PD-1 Treatment
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Howitt et al found that polymerase e (POLE)-mutant and microsatellite-unstable endometrial tumors may be candidates for anti–PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) immunotherapy. Study Details In the study, neoantigen load was predicted on the basis of...
ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline: Use of Biomarkers to Guide Decisions on Systemic Therapy for Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Van Poznak et al, ASCO has issued a clinical practice guideline on the use of biomarkers to guide decisions on systemic therapy in women with metastatic breast cancer. The statement is based on an ASCO expert panel assessment of systematic reviews, ...
Phase II Study Evaluates Neoadjuvant Eribulin vs Paclitaxel Followed by Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide in Locally Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
In a randomized phase II trial (NSABP FB9) reported in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Abraham and colleagues found no improvement in pathologic complete response rate with neoadjuvant eribulin (Halavan) vs weekly paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in women with locally...
Omitting Doxorubicin From Postoperative Chemotherapy Has No Significant Survival Effect in Intermediate-Risk Wilms Tumor
In a phase III noninferiority trial (SIOP WT 2001) reported in The Lancet, Pritchard-Jones et al in the SIOP (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) Renal Tumours Study Group found that omission of doxorubicin from postoperative chemotherapy for stage II to III histologic intermediate-risk...
Early Lapatinib and Trastuzumab Active in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Lapatinib plus trastuzumab improves outcomes vs lapatinib in heavily pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. In the phase II TBCRC 003 study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lin et al found that earlier use of lapatinib plus trastuzumab was active in HER2-positive metastatic ...
No Benefit of Adding Gefitinib to Platinum-Based Doublet in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC After Progression on First-Line Gefitinib
In a phase III IMPRESS trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Soria et al found no progression-free survival benefit of adding gefitinib (Iressa) to platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had acquired resistance to...
Belinostat Active in Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
In the phase II BELIEF trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, O’Connor et al found that the pan–histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat (Beleodaq) produced durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The study supported the U.S. Food...
Modeling Indicates Greater Benefit Without Greater Cost for Increased Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate in Colonoscopy Screening
In a study reported in JAMA by Meester et al, microsimulation modeling of data from a U.S. community-based health-care system showed that colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were reduced with increased adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy screening, with no increase in total costs. Study...
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction Associated With Risk of Melanoma
In a study in Swedish men reported in JAMA, Loeb et al found a statistically significant increase in risk of malignant melanoma in those using oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. However, risk was not significantly elevated in men filling multiple PDE5...
Better Outcome With Paclitaxel vs Nab-Paclitaxel or Ixabepilone Plus Bevacizumab in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer
In the phase III CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H/Alliance trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rugo et al found that outcomes in first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer were better with weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab (Avastin) compared with weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound...
Phase II Trial Shows Activity of mTOR Inhibitor Ridaforolimus in Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma
In a randomized phase II trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Oza et al found that the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus was active in previously treated advanced endometrial carcinoma. Study Details In the open-label study, 130 patients with progressive disease after one or two lines...
Survival Benefit of Surgery Lower for Low-Grade vs Higher-Grade Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
In a population-based cohort study reported in JAMA Surgery, Sagara et al found that the breast cancer–specific survival benefit associated with surgery for low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ is lower than that associated with surgery for intermediate- or high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ. ...
Phase II Study Shows Activity of Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor Alisertib in Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
In a phase II Intergroup trial (SWOG 1108) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Barr et al found that the aurora A kinase inhibitor alisertib produced responses in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Aurora A kinase is upregulated in highly...
Transient Adverse Quality-of-Life Impact of Radiotherapy Added to Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Brundage et al found that the addition of radiotherapy to androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer in the NCIC CTG PR3/MRC PR07 trial had a transient negative impact on health-related quality of life over ...
Long-Term Follow-Up Suggests No Detrimental Survival Effect of Dexrazoxane in Pediatric Patients With Leukemia or Lymphoma
In an analysis of Children’s Oncology Group (COG) trials reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chow et al found that dexrazoxane use did not appear to be associated with poorer survival among pediatric patients with leukemia or lymphoma in long-term follow-up. Study Details The...
Need for Mental Health Services for Parents Who Lose a Child to Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lichtenthal et al found that parents who have lost a child to cancer report wanting and frequently using mental health services, although barriers to seeking care exist and retention in care is suboptimal. Study Details The cross-sectional...
Polymorphisms Related to Oxidative Stress Associated With Poorer Cognitive Function After Chemotherapy for Childhood ALL
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cole et al found that polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress or neuroinflammation were associated with poorer cognitive function in survivors treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Survivors of childhood ALL...
Risk Algorithm Using Serial CA-125 Measurements Increases the Number of Screen-Detected Ovarian Cancers
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Menon et al, findings in the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening indicate that the number of screen-detected ovarian cancers is doubled by using the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA) with serial CA-125 measurements...
Addition of Number of Metastases Improves Prognostic Assessment Tool in Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Subbiah et al, the addition of number of brain metastases to the breast graded prognostic assessment (breast-GPA) tool improved the prediction of overall survival in breast cancer patients with brain metastases. The existing breast-GPA includes...
Polish Study Shows Inherited PALB2 Mutation Confers Greater Risk and Poorer Outcome of Breast Cancer
In a Polish prospective cohort analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Cybulski et al found that PALB2 mutation carriers had increased risk of breast cancer and that those with breast cancer had significantly reduced long-term survival. Study Details In the study, genotyping for two...
ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion Update: HBV Screening for Cancer Patients Before Cancer Therapy
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Hwang et al, ASCO has released a provisional clinical opinion update on screening of cancer patients for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection before cancer treatment to reduce the risk of HBV reactivation. The ASCO consensus panel providing the update ...
Good Prognosis for Parenthood for Women Treated for Hodgkin Lymphoma During Childhood or Adolescence
In a German study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Brämswig et al found that women treated for Hodgkin lymphoma during childhood or adolescence had a good prognosis for achieving parenthood. Study Details This prospective longitudinal study included 467 female patients aged < 18 years at...
CEP17 or TOP2A Aberrations Predict Benefit of Adjuvant Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bartlett et al found that the presence of duplication of chromosome 17 pericentromeric alpha satellite, measured by a centromere enumeration probe (CEP17), and TOP2A aberrations predicted benefit of anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy in...
UK Trial of PET-Directed Therapy Suggests That No Radiotherapy May Be an Option in PET-Negative Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
In a UK phase III RAPID trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Radford et al compared no further treatment vs involved-field radiotherapy in patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma who had negative positron emission tomography (PET) findings after 3 cycles of doxorubicin,...
Oophorectomy Is Associated With Significantly Reduced Breast Cancer Mortality in Patients With BRCA1 Mutation or Estrogen Receptor–Negative Disease
In a retrospective analysis reported in JAMA Oncology, Metcalfe et al found that oophorectomy in patients with early-stage breast cancer was associated with significantly improved breast cancer survival in women harboring a BRCA1 mutation and in those with estrogen receptor–negative...
Differing Patterns of Breast Cancer Risk After Hormone Therapy With Estrogen Plus Progestin or Estrogen Alone
In an analysis of Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) trials reported in JAMA Oncology, Chlebowski et al found differing patterns of breast cancer risk among women receiving menopausal hormone therapy with estrogen plus progestin or estrogen alone. Women receiving estrogen plus progestin had...
Safety of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Without Hematopoietic Support in Jehovah’s Witnesses With Hematologic Malignancies
In a single-center study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ford et al found that autologous stem cell transplantation can be safely performed without hematopoietic support in Jehovah’s Witnesses with hematologic malignancies. Jehovah’s Witnesses traditionally refuse...
Addition of Ofatumumab to Chlorambucil Increases Progression-Free Survival in Previously Untreated CLL Patients Who Are Not Candidates for Fludarabine
In the phase III COMPLEMENT 1 trial reported in The Lancet, Hillmen et al found that the addition of the anti-CD20 antibody ofatumumab (Arzerra) to chlorambucil (Leukeran) increased progression-free survival among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who were not considered candidates...
Single-Center Experience Indicates Relatively Good Prognosis After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Failure in CLL
In a retrospective single-center study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rozovski and colleagues found that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with disease progression after allogeneic stem cell transplantation had a relatively good prognosis, with apparent benefit of salvage...
Excessive All-Cause and Second Primary Malignancy-Related Mortality and Frequent Late Morbidity in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Treated During Adulthood
In a single-institution study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Matasar et al found that Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated during adulthood were at increased risk of all-cause and second primary malignancy mortality compared with SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and...
Glembatumumab Vedotin Appears Active in Heavily Treated Advanced Glycoprotein NMB–Overexpressing Breast Cancer and Triple-Negative Disease
In the randomized phase II EMERGE study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yardley et al found that the anti–glycoprotein NMB (gpNMB) antibody-drug conjugate glembatumumab vedotin may improve response rate over alternative chemotherapy in patients with advanced refractory breast...
Statin Use Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Primary Liver Cancer in Low-Prevalence Setting
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, McGlynn et al found that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of primary liver cancer in a setting of low liver cancer prevalence. Other studies have shown a preventive benefit of statin therapy in regions of the world...
Ibrutinib Is Highly Active in Previously Treated Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
In a study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Treon et al found that ibrutinib (Imbruvica) was highly active and produced durable responses in patients with previously treated Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Response rates were highest in patients with MYD88 mutation and...
Less Than 95% Adherence to Mercaptopurine Maintenance Associated With Nearly Threefold Increased Risk of Relapse in Pediatric ALL
In a Children’s Oncology Group study (COG-AALL03N1) reported in JAMA Oncology, Bhatia et al found that < 95% adherence to mercaptopurine treatment was associated with a nearly threefold increase in the risk of relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Among adherent...
Platinum Monotherapy Particularly Active in BRCA1/2-Mutant Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
In the phase II TBCRC009 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Isakoff et al found that platinum monotherapy was active in treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, particularly in cases with BRCA1/2 mutation, and that an assay of genomic instability characteristic of...
Complete Regression of Metastatic Cervical Cancer Is Observed After Treatment With HPV-Targeted Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Stevanovíc et al observed complete regression of metastatic cervical tumors in two patients following a single infusion of human papillomavirus (HPV)-targeted tumor-infiltrating T cells. In the protocol, nine patients with metastatic cervical ...
Persistence of HER2-Specific CAR T Cells in HER2‑Positive Sarcoma
In a phase I/II study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Ahmed et al found that infusion of T cells expressing HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with a CD28.ζ signaling domain (HER2-CAR T cells) could produce persistent CAR T cell levels for ≥ 6 weeks in patients with...
