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Showing 8351 - 8400ASCO 2015: Nivolumab Shows Highly Promising Activity in Advanced Liver Cancer
A phase I/II study testing the safety and antitumor activity of nivolumab (Opdivo) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma has revealed one of the first signs that immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors will have a role in the treatment of liver cancer. The results and potential implications...
Regorafenib Improves Overall Survival in Asian Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the phase III CONCUR trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Li et al found that the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib (Stivarga) improved overall survival vs placebo in Asian patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Regorafenib has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug...
ASCO Releases Proposal for Payment Reform to Support Higher-Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care
Expanding on the Consolidated Payments for Oncology Care (CPOC) payment model circulated last year to improve the quality and affordability of care for patients with cancer, ASCO’s new Patient-Centered Oncology Payment: Payment Reform to Support Higher Quality, More Affordable Cancer Care...
Poorer Melanoma-Specific Survival With Stage ≥ T2b Tumors With NRAS or BRAF Mutation
In a population-based study reported in JAMA Oncology, Thomas and colleagues found significantly poorer disease-specific survival among melanoma patients with stage ≥ T2b tumors with NRAS or BRAF mutation. Study Details The study included data from 912 U.S. or Australian patients in the...
ASCO 2015: Experimental Immunotherapy Shows High Response Rate in Advanced Lung Cancer
An early-phase study testing the anti–PD-L1 agent MPDL3280A in combination with standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has provided promising early results, prompting multiple phase III studies in lung cancer. The findings are being...
Study Finds Noninvasive Colon Cancer Screening May Be Promising for African Americans
In a first-of-its-kind clinical trial, physician-scientists at University Hospitals (UH) Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine found that a new, noninvasive technology for colon cancer screening is a promising alternative to colonoscopy...
Nine-Valent HPV Vaccine Protects Against 80% of Cervical Cancers
The new nine-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Gardasil 9) can potentially prevent 80% of cervical cancers in the United States, if given to all 11- or 12-year-old children before they are exposed to the virus. Additionally, the new vaccine, which includes seven cancer-causing...
Preclinical Study Points to Possible Treatment for Lethal Pediatric Brain Cancer
Using brain tumor samples collected from children in the United States and Europe, an international team of scientists found that the drug panobinostat (Farydak) and similar gene-regulating drugs may be effective at treating diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), an aggressive and lethal form of...
At-Risk Patients Often Opt Out of Comprehensive Multiplex Cancer Screening
Some at-risk patients opted out of comprehensive cancer gene screening when presented with the opportunity to be tested for the presence of genes linked to various cancers, according to a recent study led by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the...
Progress Made in Discovering Link Between Aspirin Use and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Taking aspirin reduces a person's risk of colorectal cancer, but the molecular mechanisms involved have remained unknown, until a recent discovery by researchers at The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota. These findings were published by Li et al in EBioMedicine. EGFR and COX-2 Association ...
Hospital and Surgeon Factors Associated With Axillary Lymph Node Evaluation in DCIS
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Coromilas et al found that axillary lymph node evaluation is frequently performed in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and a number of hospital or surgeon characteristics are associated with likelihood of evaluation. As noted by the authors, benefit...
ASCO Endorses ASTRO Guideline on External-Beam Radiotherapy for Patients With Locally Advanced NSCLC
ASCO issued an endorsement of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based guideline on external-beam radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The ASCO endorsement was published by Bezjak et al in the Journal of Clinical...
Enzalutamide Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes and Time to Skeletal-Related Event vs Placebo in PREVAIL Trial
The PREVAIL trial showed that enzalutamide (Xtandi) improved overall survival and progression-free survival vs placebo in asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In analyses reported in The Lancet Oncology, Loriot et al...
American College of Physicians Releases Best Practice Advice for Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women
The American College of Physicians (ACP) released its clinical advice for cervical cancer screening in asymptomatic, average-risk women 21 years or older. Women at average risk are defined as those with no history of a precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or a more severe ...
AZD9291 Shows Durable Responses in Patients With EGFR-Positive Lung Cancers
A clinical trial of the EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had disease progression after previous treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors has found that the drug was highly active—achieving a 95% disease control rate—in...
Use of Radiotherapy After Prostate Cancer Surgery Declining, Despite Evidence of Benefit
Despite strong evidence and guidelines supporting its use, postsurgical radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients at risk of tumor recurrence is declining in the United States. The study, published by Sineshaw et al in European Urology, finds fewer than 10% of patients at risk of tumor...
FDA Approves Ramucirumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved ramucirumab (Cyramza) for use in combination with FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan) for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer whose disease has progressed on a first-line bevacizumab (Avastin)-, oxaliplatin-,...
FDA Announces Clinical Trial Endpoints for Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs
This week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released its guidance for industry document Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs and Biologics, which allows companies to use several types of clinical trial endpoints, including overall survival...
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Clarifies Mammography Recommendations for Women in Their 40s
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued its updated draft recommendation statement on mammography screening guidelines. The revised guidelines still recommend that women aged 50 to 74 get mammography screening for breast cancer every 2 years and now states that the decision to...
AACR 2015: Long-Term, Regular Aspirin Use Modestly Decreased Cancer Risk
Long-term, regular aspirin use was associated with a modestly reduced overall risk for cancer, driven primarily by a reduction in the risk for colorectal cancers, according to research presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to 22 in Philadelphia (Abstract 876). “Previous...
Study Examines Impact of Hospital Volume on Complication Rates in Patients Undergoing Robotic Prostate Surgery
A disincentive for hospitals that have invested in expensive technology for robotic surgery may be jeopardizing prostate cancer patients who seek out the procedure, concluded a study published by Sammon et al in BJU International. The study compared complication rates in hospitals with low...
AACR 2015: Investigational PD-L1–Targeted Immunotherapy Safe for Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Effective in Some
The investigational immunotherapy MPDL3280A was safe, tolerable, and showed early signs of durable clinical activity in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, according to data from a first-in-human phase I clinical trial presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2015, held April 18 to...
AACR 2015: Pembrolizumab Is Better Than Ipilimumab for Advanced Melanoma in Phase III Trial
In the first randomized trial to compare two U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved immune checkpoint inhibitors as first-line therapy for patients with advanced melanoma, pembrolizumab (Keytruda) yielded significantly better treatment outcomes than ipilimumab (Yervoy) for all endpoints...
One-Quarter of Advanced Lung Cancer Patients Tested for EGFR Mutations Started on First-Line Therapy Before Test Results Available
Almost one in four patients (24%) with advanced lung cancer in Europe, Asia, and the United States are not receiving EGFR test results before being started on treatment, researchers reported at the European Lung Cancer Conference (ELCC) in Geneva (Abstract LBA2_PR). This lack of test results may...
Key Tumor-Cell Proliferation Mechanism Identified in Pediatric Bone Cancers
A particular molecular pathway permits stem cells in pediatric bone cancers to grow rapidly and aggressively, according to researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center and its Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center. These findings were published by Basu-Roy et al in Nature Communications. Study...
Adjuvant Ipilimumab Increases Recurrence-Free Survival vs Placebo After Complete Resection of High-Risk Stage III Melanoma
In the phase III EORTC 18071 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Eggermont et al found that adjuvant ipilimumab (Yervoy) significantly improved recurrence-free survival vs placebo in patients with completely resected stage III melanoma at high risk of disease recurrence. Ipilimumab was...
FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Rucaparib in Advanced Ovarian Cancer With BRCA Mutations
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to Clovis Oncology’s investigational agent rucaparib as monotherapy treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in patients who have received at least two lines of prior platinum-containing therapy, with...
Nocturnal Cortisol Levels May Provide a Noninvasive Biomarker of Ovarian Cancer Severity
Elevated nocturnal cortisol levels prior to surgery in patients with ovarian cancer were associated with shorter survival time, according to a study by Schrepf et al in Psychoneuroendocrinology. Thus, night-time cortisol levels may prove to be a noninvasive biomarker of ovarian cancer disease...
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Identifies Positive Lymph Nodes in Women With High-Risk Endometrial Cancer
In a study of women with high-grade endometrial cancer, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found sentinel lymph node mapping accurately identified all women with node-positive, high-risk endometrial cancer, when prospectively compared to a complete pelvic and...
Insufficient Awareness of Breast Density and Its Impact on Breast Cancer Detection and Risk
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rhodes et al found that only about half of screening-age women had awareness of breast density and adequate knowledge of its impact on breast cancer detection and risk. Breast density is an important factor contributing to false-negative...
Effect of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Feeding Tube Duration in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Current smoking and heavy alcohol consumption appear to be risk factors for prolonged use of a gastrostomy tube in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The findings were published in a report by O’Shea et al in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck...
Experts Explore the Reasons Behind the High Cost of Cancer Drugs in America
Increasingly high prices for cancer drugs are affecting patient care, as well as the health-care system overall, in the United States. These findings were published in a special article by Rajkumar and Kantarjian in the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings. “Americans with cancer pay 50% to 100%...
New Breast Cancer Test Links Immune ‘Hotspots’ to Better Survival
Scientists have developed a new test that predicts the survival chances of women with breast cancer by analyzing images of “hotspots” where there has been a fierce immune reaction to a tumor. Using statistical software previously used in criminology studies of crime hotspots,...
International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group Issues Treatment Guidelines for Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma
The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG) has issued a guideline outlining the use of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT)–based radiation therapy planning and volumetric image guidance, specifically to more effectively treat pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma. The...
Reduced Mammography Rates 3 Years After 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guidelines Changes
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Wharam et al found that estimated mammography rates were lower than predicted in white, Hispanic, and Asian women since the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) changed its screening recommendations in November 2009. The guidelines...
Outcomes of Phase II Basket Trial of Molecular Profiling and Targeted Therapy in Advanced Thoracic Malignancies
In a basket trial (CUSTOM) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lopez-Chavez et al performed molecular profiling of tumors in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer, or thymic malignancies and assigned those in any of five actionable...
Chromosomal Rearrangement May Be the Key to Progress Against Aggressive Infant Leukemia
The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital–Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project reports that a highly aggressive form of leukemia in infants has surprisingly few mutations beyond the chromosomal rearrangement that affects the MLL gene. The findings, reported by Andersson et al ...
Annual ASCO Report Shows Widespread Disturbance in Oncology Practice, Amid Growing Patient Demand and Administrative Burden
The U.S. cancer care system faces tremendous turbulence while dealing with growing numbers of cancer patients and survivors, mounting pressures to control rising health-care costs, and widespread oncology practice transformation, reports a new study by the American Society of Clinical Oncology...
EGFR L858R Mutation in Circulating Free DNA From Blood Samples of Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Shown to Be Negative Prognostic Marker
Using a novel polymerase chain reaction assay “to efficiently assess” epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) from blood samples of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the Spanish Lung Cancer Group has “shown...
Researchers Map Genomic Landscape of Childhood Adrenocortical Tumors for the First Time
In an advance that could lead to better identification of malignant pediatric adrenocortical tumors, and ultimately to better treatment, researchers have mapped the genomic landscape of these rare childhood tumors. Their genomic mapping has revealed unprecedented details, not only of the aberrant...
AACR Names Nancy E. Davidson, MD, President-Elect for 2015-2016
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) today announced the election of Nancy E. Davidson, MD, Director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC CancerCenter in Pittsburgh, as its President-Elect for 2015–2016. Dr. Davidson will officially become President-Elect...
Preclinical Study Shows Promise for the Development of Personalized Cellular Therapy for Brain Cancer
Immune cells engineered to seek out and attack a type of deadly brain cancer were found to be safe and effective at controlling tumor growth in mice that were treated with these modified cells, according a team from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Novartis...
FDA Approves Nivolumab to Treat Metastatic Squamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab (Opdivo) for the treatment of patients with metastatic squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds ...
Early Study Shows Cabazitaxel May Be More Effective Than Docetaxel in Some Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer
In a new study reported by de Leeuw et al in Clinical Cancer Research, researchers found that the novel taxane cabazitaxel (Jevtana) has properties that could make it more effective than docetaxel in some patients with advanced prostate cancer. This hypothesis is currently being tested in a phase...
Meta-Analysis Shows Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer With Menopausal Hormone Therapy
In a study reported in The Lancet, the Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer found that use of menopausal hormone therapy was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, with the risk being highest among current users. The study consisted of meta-analyses of...
FDA Approves Panobinostat Combination for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved panobinostat (Farydak) in combination with bortezomib (Velcade) and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Panobinostat is the first histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor approved to treat multiple myeloma. It is...
Early Study Suggests Olaparib May Be Effective in Ovarian Cancers Expressing High Levels of POLQ
Last December, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved olaparib (Lynparza) in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. Now, a laboratory study by Ceccaldi et al has found that the drug may also be effective in breast and ovarian tumors that...
ASCO Expresses Concern Over the New CMS Oncology Care Model
On Thursday, February 12, 2015, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced its new Oncology Care Model, a multipayer payment and care delivery model meant to support better health-care coordination for patients with cancer. Although commending the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid ...
FDA Approves Lenvatinib for Progressive Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today granted approval to lenvatinib (Lenvima) to treat patients with progressive, differentiated thyroid cancer whose disease progressed despite receiving radioactive iodine therapy. Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that binds to multiple sites...
Lenvatinib Shows Promise for Patients With Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer in Phase III Study
In a phase III study led by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, the oral antiangiogenic therapy lenvatinib has shown dramatic improvement in progression-free survival in patients with advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Their findings are published by...
