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Showing 6901 - 6950Tumor Tissue Specimens and Associated Analyses Appear to Be a Significant Barrier to Clinical Trial Enrollment
The requirement for tumor tissue specimens and associated analyses in order to participate in clinical trials appears to be a significant barrier to clinical trial enrollment and may delay treatment. Potential solutions to reducing or eliminating these barriers include routine tissue banking at...
DNA Repair Enzyme Identified as a Potential Brain Cancer Drug Target
Rapidly dividing cells rely on an enzyme called Dicer to help them repair the DNA damage that occurs as they make mistakes in copying their genetic material over and over for new cells. Researchers have built on the discovery of Dicer’s role in fixing DNA damage to uncover a new potential...
Travel Distance Is Still a Barrier to Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy
Long travel distances continue to be a significant obstacle to breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer, according to a study published by Abornoz et al in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. “While greater patient awareness and insurance coverage have contributed to greater...
James Foran, MD, on Clofarabine for AML: Clinical Trial Results of ECOG-ACRIN and ALFA/Clara
James Foran, MD, of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, discusses two key studies on clofarabine: as a single agent for induction and postremission therapy in newly diagnosed AML, and as the basis for consolidation in nonfavorable AML (Abstracts 217 and 218).
ESMO Asia 2015: Afatinib a Better Choice for EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer in First-Line Treatment
Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations in advanced lung cancer seem to benefit more from afatinib (Gilotrif) than gefitinib (Iressa) as first-line treatment, Park et al reported in a study (Abstract LBA2) presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology...
Colorectal Cancer Risk Varies Based on Latino Subgroup Affiliation
In the first study of its kind, University of Southern California (USC) researchers have found that colorectal cancer risk in Californian Latinos varies widely depending on the country of origin. Their study was published by Stern et al in Cancer Causes & Control. “Hispanics are a very...
SABCS 2015: No Significant Difference in Recurrence Rates Among Women With Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Taking Anastrozole or Tamoxifen
Postmenopausal women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) had similar outcomes with disease recurrence whether they took tamoxifen or the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole for 5 years after surgery, but women in the two groups had different side effects, according to results from the phase III...
SABCS 2015: Breast-Conserving Therapy Provided Better Long-Term Outcome Than Mastectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Among women with early-stage breast cancer, those who received breast-conserving surgery plus radiation had improved overall survival after 10 years compared with patients who received a mastectomy—76.8% vs 59.7%, respectively—according to a Dutch study by van Maaren et al. After...
SABCS 2015: ESR1 Gene Mutations Are Associated With Worse Overall Survival in Metastatic ER-Positive Breast Cancer
A study by Chandarlapaty et al investigating whether mutations in the estrogen receptor are common in patients with advanced breast cancer and how they affect patient outcomes has found that the D538G and Y537S mutations in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene are prevalent in patients with advanced ...
Patient Symptom Surveys Linked to Reduced ER Visits, Improved Survival and Quality of Life
Systematic collection of cancer patients’ symptoms using computer surveys was linked to less frequent emergency room admissions, longer average chemotherapy adherence, greater quality-of-life improvements, and improved survival, according to a new randomized, controlled trial spearheaded by a ...
ASH 2015: High Response Rates, Long-Term Remissions in Relapsed/Refractory Pediatric ALL, Lymphomas After CTL019 Immunotherapy
Ninety-three percent of pediatric patients (55 of 59) with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) went into remission after receiving an investigational therapy made from their own immune cells, with continuous remissions of over 1 year in 18 patients and over 2 years in nine...
ASH 2015: Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Benefit From Prophylactic Antibiotics During Induction Chemotherapy
Prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduce the risk of serious bacterial infections in children during the critical first month of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood cancer, according to a study led by investigators from Dana-Farber/Boston Children's...
ASH 2015: Ibrutinib Data Underscore Promise of Targeted Therapies as First-Line Approach for Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
A presentation by Tedeschi et al at the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting outlined results of the phase III RESONATE TM-2 study of ibrutinib (Imbruvica) vs chlorambucil (Leukeran) in patients aged 65 years and older with treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small...
ASH 2015: Combination Therapy With Idelalisib Improves Progression-Free Survival vs Bendamustine/Rituximab Alone in Relapsed/Refractory CLL
In a phase III study to be presented by Zelenetz et al at the 57th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, idelalisib (Zydelig) plus bendamustine (Treanda) and rituximab (Rituxan), or BR, proved superior to BR alone in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)...
ASH 2015: Test Creates Simulations That May Help Predict Drug Responses, Drive Personalized Treatment
Researchers at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry are partnering with a private company to develop computer simulations that can help personalize cancer care by predicting how a patient will respond to a drug treatment. Their findings were presented by Brogden et al at the 57th American...
ASH 2015: First-in-Human Trial Using Engineered Cells to Target Multiple Myeloma Shows Early Promise
A study (Abstract LBA1) to be reported by Abbas Ali et al at the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting demonstrated promising early outcomes of a first-in-human trial using a patient’s own genetically modified immune cells to eradicate multiple myeloma. The study...
Systematic Review Informing ACS Updated Guideline for Breast Cancer Screening in Women at Average Risk
Findings of a systematic review of the benefits and harms of breast cancer screening commissioned by the American Cancer Society (ACS) to inform its updated guideline on screening in average-risk women were reported in JAMA by Myers et al of the Duke Evidence Synthesis Group. Their findings were...
Researchers Use Ovarian Follicles to Preserve Fertility in Preclinical Models
Researchers at the University of Michigan have identified a potential new approach to fertility preservation for young cancer patients that addresses concerns about beginning cancer treatment immediately and the possibility of reintroducing cancer cells during the fertility-preservation process....
RSNA 2015: Medicaid Expansion Improves Breast Cancer Screening for Low-Income Women
Low-income women in Medicaid expansion states in the United States are more likely to have a breast screening performed than those in nonexpansion states, according to a study (HP207-SD-MOA2) by Fazeli Dehkordy et al presented November 30, 2015, at the Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of...
Vigorous Exercise and Healthy Habits May Dramatically Reduce Chance of Lethal Prostate Cancer for Men Over 60
A study that tracked tens of thousands of middle-aged and older men for more than 20 years has found that vigorous exercise and other healthy lifestyle habits may cut their chances of developing a lethal type of prostate cancer by up to 68%. While most prostate cancers are clinically indolent, a...
Study Advances Potential Test to Distinguish Precancerous Pancreatic Cysts From Harmless Ones
In a retrospective analysis of data from 130 patients with pancreatic cysts, scientists at Johns Hopkins have used gene-based tests and a fixed set of clinical criteria to more accurately distinguish precancerous cysts from those less likely to do harm. The findings may eventually help some...
Two Studies Find Protein May Inhibit Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Scientists from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), in collaboration with researchers from University of California Merced and Davis, have found that a secreted protein predominantly expressed in bone inhibits prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Their research was published recently by...
Experimental Drug Shown to Prevent Neuroblastoma in Preclinical Study
Australian scientists have identified a critical molecular “feedback loop” that helps initiate and drive neuroblastoma, a cancer of the nervous system in children that is triggered in embryonal nerve cells. This feedback loop massively accelerates cancer development. The research team...
Only 1 in 5 U.S. Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Gets Key Blood Test at Diagnosis
Only 1 in 5 patients with pancreatic cancer in the United States receives a widely available, inexpensive blood test at diagnosis that can help predict relative outcome (compared to others with the same disease stage) and guide treatment accordingly, a Mayo Clinic study showed. People who test...
American Cancer Society Report Finds Rising Rates of Breast Cancer Among African American Women, Especially in Southern States
Although white women have historically had higher incidence rates of breast cancer than African American women, a new report by the American Cancer Society (ACS) finds that, in 2012, the rates converged. The incidence rates were significantly higher in black women than in white women in seven...
Newly Discovered Tumor-Suppressor Gene Affects Melanoma Survival
Of the hundreds of genes that can be mutated in a single case of melanoma, only a handful may be true drivers of cancer. A new study published by Arafeh et al in Nature Genetics, a Weizmann Institute of Science team has revealed one of the drivers of a particularly deadly subset of melanomas that...
ASTRO 2015: Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy May Be an Acceptable Treatment for Some Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer
Long-term patient-reported outcomes indicate that for some men with localized prostate cancer, hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may be a reasonable treatment option and result in similar quality-of-life outcomes, compared to conventional radiation therapy, according to...
NCCN Unveils Evidence Blocks for CML and Multiple Myeloma
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), a not-for-profit alliance of 26 of the world's leading cancer centers, has unveiled its new value initiative—the NCCN Evidence Blocks, published within new versions of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for...
American Cancer Society Updates Its Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines for Average-Risk Women
After commissioning a systematic evidence review of the breast cancer screening literature to inform an update of its 2003 breast cancer screening interval guideline, the American Cancer Society (ACS) released new guidelines for women at average risk of breast cancer. The recommendations include...
Three-Gene Signaling Network Found to Have a Role in Neuroblastoma
Researchers have discovered details of the abnormal molecular signals and biologic events that drive a high-risk form of the childhood cancer neuroblastoma. They aim to use these findings to develop more effective targeted treatments. “As we improve our knowledge of different biologic...
Study Examines Links Between Viral and Bacterial Microbial Signatures and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Cancer is the result of normal cellular functions going wildly awry on a genetic level. That fact has been known for some time, but increasing evidence is showing that the human microbiome, the diverse population of microorganisms within every person, may play a key role in either setting the stage ...
Reduced Risk of Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer With Later Age at Menarche in African American Women
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ambrosone et al found that risk of estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer was reduced with later age at menarche in both parous and nulliparous African American women. Greater interval between menarche and first live birth ...
ASCO Endorses CHEST Guideline on Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ASCO has endorsed the current American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) guideline on treatment of small cell lung cancer, released in 2013. After review of evidence from an updated literature search covering 2011 to March 2015, an ASCO...
ECC 2015: Combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib Superior to Vemurafenib Alone in Advanced Melanoma: Results of the COMBI-v Trial
The latest results from a trial of a combination of two targeted therapies (dabrafenib [Tafinlar] and trametinib [Mekinist]) to treat advanced melanoma have shown that patients are living significantly longer on the combined therapy than patients treated with vemurafenib (Zelboraf) alone. Caroline...
Biomarker miR-506 Helps Predict Survival Time in Gastric Cancer Patients
Gastric cancer is typically associated with late-stage diagnosis, as well as high mortality. A study by Li et al in The American Journal of Pathology points to a pivotal role played by the biomarker microRNA (miR)-506 in gastric cancer. Patients whose primary gastric cancer lesions express high...
ECC 2015: Tackling the Global Shortfall in Radiotherapy
Millions of people are unable to receive necessary treatment worldwide because of a chronic underinvestment in radiotherapy resources, according to a major new Commission on access to radiotherapy, published in by Atun et al in The Lancet Oncology, and presented at the 2015 European Cancer Congress ...
ECC 2015: Living Conditions and Gender Appear to Affect Incidence of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Living in overcrowded conditions appears to protect children and young adults against developing a particular type of Hodgkin lymphoma. This protective effect seems to suggest that infections earlier in life may stimulate the immune system to deal with future infections and cancerous cells more...
ECC 2015: Genetic Screening of Brain Metastases Could Reveal New Targets for Treatment
Unraveling the genetic sequences of cancer that has spread to the brain could offer unexpected targets for effective treatment, according to new research (Abstract 2905) presented at the 2015 European Cancer Congress in Vienna, Austria, and published simultaneously by Brastianos et al in...
ECC 2015: Over Three-Quarters of People With Cancer Worldwide Have No Access to Safe Surgery
Over 80% of the 15 million people diagnosed with cancer worldwide in 2015 will need surgery, but less than one-quarter of them will have access to proper, safe, affordable surgical care when they need it, according to a major new Commission examining the state of global cancer surgery. The...
ECC 2015: Childhood Cancers in Europe: Progress Has Been Made, but Much Still to Do
Each year in Europe, 6,000 young people die from cancer, and two-thirds of those who survive suffer from treatment-related side effects. Although there has been considerable progress in the treatment of childhood cancers over the past few decades, and cancer in childhood is rare, these are major...
RAB35 Protein Implicated in Oncogenic Process in the PI3K/AKT Pathway
A protein known to play a role in transporting the molecular contents of normal cells into and out of various intracellular compartments can also turn such cells cancerous by stimulating a key growth-control pathway. By conducting a large-scale search for regulators of the signaling pathway known...
Unprecedented Number of Mutations Identified in Rare Melanoma
A rare form of skin cancer known as desmoplasmic melanoma may possess the highest burden of gene mutations of any cancer, suggesting that immunotherapy may be a promising approach for treatment, according to an international team led by University of California San Francisco (UCSF) scientists. One...
Preclinical Study Shows Starving Cancer Cells of Cholesterol May Inhibit Tumor Growth and Improve Drug Sensitivity
Drugs that target key proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism could represent a promising new treatment strategy for a broad range of cancers, according to research by Fox Chase Cancer Center investigators. The study, published by Gabitova et al in Cell Reports, reveals that deficiency in the...
ASCO Statement: Recommendations for Obesity Clinical Trials in Cancer Survivors
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Ligibel et al, ASCO has issued a statement providing recommendations for obesity clinical trials in cancer survivors. ASCO convened the Research Summit on Advancing Obesity Clinical Trials in Cancer Survivors in November 2014. The meeting involved...
Pembrolizumab Treatment May Cause Immune Cells to Express Markers of Reinvigoration
Treating patients with metastatic melanoma with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda) caused immune cells called CD8-positive T cells in the patient’s blood to express markers of reinvigoration, according to data being presented at the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer...
AACR’s Cancer Progress Report Details Major Advances in Cancer and Rising Costs of Treatment
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) 2015 Cancer Progress Report highlighted the accelerated pace of the number of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted therapies over the past 5 years, which reached 52 this year; the dramatic increase in the 5-year survival rate...
Study Finds Nearly Half of Testicular Cancer Risk Is Inherited
A large European study that combined both population-based and genomic techniques to investigate the heritability of testicular germ cell tumor has found that 48.9% of all the possible factors contributing to risk for the disease are inherited. Rather than being the result of one faulty gene,...
WCLC: IASLC Issues Statement on Tobacco Control and Smoking Cessation
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) issued a new statement on Tobacco Control and Smoking Cessation on September 7 at the 16th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) in Denver, Colorado. The statement calls for higher taxes on tobacco products; comprehensive...
Online Database Helps Organize Clinically Important Cancer Gene Mutations
Many clinical trials use genome sequencing to learn which genetic mutations are present in a patient’s tumor cells. The question is important, because targeting the right mutations with the right drugs can stop cancer in its tracks. But it can be difficult to determine which particular...
New 'Mutation-Tracking' Blood Test Could Predict Breast Cancer Relapse
Scientists have developed a blood test for breast cancer that may be able to identify which patients will suffer a relapse after treatment, months before tumors are visible on hospital scans. The test may uncover small numbers of residual cancer cells that have resisted therapy by detecting cancer...
