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Showing 3751 - 3800ERSPC 13-Year Follow-up: Reduction in Prostate Cancer Mortality With PSA Screening, but High Overdiagnosis Rates Remain a Concern, Say Authors
The 13-year follow-up of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), reported by Schröder et al in The Lancet, showed that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in men aged 55 to 69 years is associated with a 21% reduction in risk of prostate cancer mortality...
Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Lung Adenocarcinoma
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network has recently reported its comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma in Nature. Findings included a high rate of somatic mutations including alterations in tumor-suppressor genes, chromatin-modifying genes, and RNA-splicing genes and suggested...
U.S. Lung Cancer Rates Vary by Subtype, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Age
A new analysis confirms that U.S. lung cancer rates are declining overall, but it also uncovers previously unrecognized trends related to cancer subtype, sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Published early online in Cancer, the findings provide a more accurate picture of the state of lung cancer in the...
Regular, Moderate Physical Activity Decreases Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Postmenopausal women who in the previous 4 years had undertaken the equivalent of at least 4 hours of walking per week had a 10% decreased risk of invasive breast cancer compared with women who were less active, according to a new study. The findings suggest that regular physical activity, even of...
Phase II Study Supports Further Investigation of Neoadjuvant Carboplatin in Stage II to III Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
In the phase II Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 40603/Alliance trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sikov et al found that the addition of carboplatin or bevacizumab (Avastin) to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathologic complete response rate in...
Study Finds Nearly 10% of Cancer Survivors Continue to Smoke Years After Diagnosis
Despite the fact that smoking increases the probability of cancer recurrence and reduces survival time, many cancer survivors continue to smoke. In a new study, nearly 1 in 10 cancer survivors reported being current smokers 9 years after their diagnosis, and 83% were daily smokers averaging about...
Increases Seen in Use of Digital Mammography and Related Screening Costs in Medicare Population, but No Increase in Early Detection
In a study of use of breast cancer screening modalities in the Medicare population reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Killelea et al found significant increases in use of digital image acquisition and computer-aided detection and cost of screening, but no increase in rate of...
Musculoskeletal Pain May Be Sign of Potential Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Withdrawal Syndrome in CML
In a letter to the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Richter et al describe a potential tyrosine kinase inhibitor withdrawal syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal pain after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Onset After Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor...
Study Identifies Prevalence of Uterine Malignancy and Endometrial Hyperplasia at Time of Morcellation for Hysterectomy
There is considerable concern that uterine morcellation as part of minimally invasive hysterectomy may result in the spread of undetected malignancies. In a study reported in JAMA, Wright et al identified a prevalence of 27 cases of uterine cancer and 7 cases of other gynecologic malignancies per...
Adding Induction Chemotherapy to Chemoradiotherapy Does Not Improve Survival in Patients With N2 or N3 Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
In a phase III trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cohen et al found that induction chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival vs chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The study...
Negative HPV Screening Test Result Is a Better Predictor of Cervical Cancer Risk Than a Negative Pap Test Result
A study by investigators at the National Cancer Institute of more than 1 million women has found that a negative test for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a more reliable predictor of the risk of developing cervical cancer than a negative Pap test. The findings suggest that primary HPV...
No Clinical Outcome Benefit With Aerobic Training Program in Cancer Patients With Heart Failure
In a retrospective analysis in the HF-ACTION trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jones et al found that a program of aerobic training did not reduce the rate of all-cause mortality or hospitalization in cancer patients with heart failure. Some evidence suggested that patients who...
Adjuvant Chemoradiation With Docetaxel Plus Cetuximab Shows Promise in High-Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
In the phase II Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)-0234 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Harari et al found that adjuvant chemoradiation with docetaxel or cisplatin plus cetuximab (Erbitux) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and high-risk...
Testicular Cancer Rates Are on the Rise in Young Hispanic Americans
A new analysis has found that rates of testicular cancer have been rising dramatically in recent years among young Hispanic American men, but not among their non-Hispanic counterparts. Published early online in Cancer, the findings indicate that greater awareness is needed concerning the increasing ...
High-Dose Melphalan Plus Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation as Consolidation Shows Benefit in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After Previous Transplant
In a UK phase III trial (NCRI Myeloma X Relapse [Intensive] Trial) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Cook et al found that high-dose melphalan plus salvage autologous stem cell transplantation significantly prolonged time to progression vs cyclophosphamide in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma...
Cyclophosphamide Noninferior to Ifosfamide as Part of Consolidation Treatment in Standard-Risk Ewing Sarcoma
In a European phase III noninferiority trial (Euro-EWING99-R1) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Le Deley et al found that cyclophosphamide was noninferior in event-free survival vs ifosfamide in combination with vincristine/dactinomycin as consolidation therapy in patients with...
Abbreviated Screening MRI Protocol Is Highly Accurate in Breast Cancer Detection in Women at Increased Risk
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Kuhl et al assessed whether an abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, consisting of one pre- and one postcontrast acquisition and derived images—first postcontrast–subtracted (FAST) and maximum-intensity...
Study Shows Annual MRI Plus Mammography May Be Effective Screening Program for Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
The Ontario Breast Screening Program expanded in July 2011 to include screening of high-risk women aged 30 to 69 years with annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital mammography. As reported by Chiarelli et al in Journal of Clinical Oncology, a study of the initial screen in the program...
Telephone-Based Intervention Produces Weight Loss in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer Receiving Letrozole
Obesity is associated with poorer outcome in women with operable breast cancer. In the LISA study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Goodwin et al found that a 24-month telephone-based intervention was effective in reducing body weight in postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving...
Phase III Trial Indicates That S-1 Monotherapy Should Remain Standard Treatment of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer in Japan
The oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 is standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer in Japan. In a Japanese phase III trial (SAMIT) in locally advanced disease reported in The Lancet Oncology, Tsuburaya et al found that sequential paclitaxel plus tegafur and uracil or S-1 did not improve...
Daily Low-Dose Aspirin Use May Reduce Risk of Developing Pancreatic Cancer
Men and women who took low-dose aspirin regularly had a 48% reduction in their risk of developing pancreatic cancer, according to a new study. In addition, the longer a person started taking low-dose aspirin, the greater the benefit, ranging from 48% reduction in people who started 3 years before...
Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Score Independently Predicts Distant Metastasis in Estrogen Receptor–Positive/HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM) consists of direct contact between a macrophage, an endothelial cell, and a tumor cell. In a case-control study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Rohan et al found that TMEM score was an independent predictor of distant metastasis...
No Improvement in Long-Term Outcomes With Extended Colectomy for Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in Patients Younger Than Age 50
Extended colectomy in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer who were younger than age 50, in comparison with segmental resection, did not improve the risk of tumor recurrence or disease-free survival, according to the results of a retrospective study presented by Klos et al in the Journal of...
Lung-MAP Launches: First Precision Medicine Trial From National Clinical Trials Network
A unique public-private collaboration among the National Cancer Institute (NCI), SWOG Cancer Research, Friends of Cancer Research, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), five pharmaceutical companies (Amgen, Genentech, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and AstraZeneca’s global...
Danish Study Shows Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Throughout Life in Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer
In a Danish cohort study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Rugbjerg and colleagues found that survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease throughout life, with cardiovascular disease profiles differing according to cancer...
Mammography Has Led to Fewer Late-Stage Breast Cancers, Study Finds
In the past 30 years, since mammography was introduced, late-stage breast cancer incidence has decreased by 37%, a new study published in Cancer has found. The analysis by Helvie et al took into account an observed underlying trend of increased breast cancer incidence present since the 1940s....
Modeling Shows Digital vs Film Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer Produces Small Benefit at Increased Cost
A study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute by Stout et al suggests that the switch from film to digital mammography screening in the United States has produced a small health benefit at increased cost and with an increased false-positive rate. Biennial digital screening...
ASCO 2014: Stopping Statins Is Safe and Can Improve Quality of Life for Patients With Cancer Near the End of Life
Stopping statin therapy is safe for patients with cancer who have a life expectancy of less than 1 year, according to a randomized study reported at the 2014 ASCO Annual Meeting in Chicago (Abstract LBA9514). Discontinuing statins did not shorten survival and provided a number of important...
ASCO 2014: Enzalutamide Before Chemotherapy Prolongs Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
The androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide (Xtandi) has been shown to prolong survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with progressive disease after chemotherapy. In the phase III PREVAIL trial reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Beer et al found that...
First-Line Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Is Safe and Effective in Older and Younger CLL Patients, Phase II Study Shows
The combination of lenalidomide (Revlimid) and rituximab (Rituxan) has shown synergistic activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) preclinical models. In a CLL Research Consortium phase II study of the combination in treatment-naive patients reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, James...
Greater Risk of Pretreatment Cognitive Impairment in Older Breast Cancer Patients With More Advanced Disease and Greater Comorbidity
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Mandelblatt and colleagues attempted to determine whether cognitive impairment is present in older patients with breast cancer prior to systemic therapy. They found that although there were no global differences in cognitive function between...
No Differences in Surgical Outcomes With Four Different Chemotherapy Regimens Plus Preoperative Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by O’Connell et al, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Trial R-04 is assessing four chemotherapy regimens given concurrently with preoperative radiotherapy in order to help identify optimal treatment in patients with ...
Physicians and Patients/Caregivers Frequently Disagree on Medicare Resource Allocations for Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
In a study reported in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Rocke et al compared hypothetical resource allocation by otolaryngology–head and neck surgery physicians and patients with that by advanced cancer patients or their caregivers. They found significant differences in...
No Overall Survival Improvement With Elacytarabine vs Investigator Choice in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory AML
Current treatment options for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which carries a very poor prognosis, are generally ineffective. In a phase III trial (CLAVELA) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Roboz et al found that elacytarabine, a novel elaidic acid ester of...
Proteomic Signature for EGFR Inhibitor Therapy Predicts Survival Benefit of Second-Line Chemotherapy vs Erlotinib in NSCLC
There are conflicting data on whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy is beneficial in second-line treatment of lung cancer patients with unknown or wild-type EGFR status. In a phase III trial (PROSE) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Gregorc et al assessed the predictive...
Study Suggests Less Frequent Cardiac Screening May Be Preferable for Survivors of Childhood Cancer
One of the first studies to analyze the effectiveness of screening survivors of childhood cancer for early signs of impending congestive heart failure found improved health outcomes but suggested that less frequent screening than currently recommended may yield similar clinical benefit. Researchers ...
Early Study Shows Improved Survival With Radioimmunotherapy/Gemcitabine Combination in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Cancer
A randomized phase Ib study of a combination of low radiosensitizing doses of gemcitabine and fractionated doses of 90Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal cancer who had received at least two prior systemic therapies, has found a significant survival advantage in...
U.S. Cervical Cancer Rates Higher Than Previously Reported, Particularly Among Older Women and African American Women
Cervical cancer rates in the United States are higher than previously believed, particularly among 65- to 69-year-old women and African American women, according to a study by Rositch et al published in Cancer. Current U.S. cervical cancer screening guidelines do not recommend routine Pap smears...
Analysis Finds Wide Variation in Lung Cancer Rates Globally
The only recent comprehensive analysis of lung cancer rates for women around the world found that lung cancer rates are dropping in young women in many regions of the globe, pointing to the success of tobacco control efforts. However, rates continue to increase among older women in many countries,...
Carcinogens Found in Water Pipe Smoking May Increase Risk for Cancer
Researchers investigating the effects of water pipe smoking on the health of young adults have found elevated levels of nicotine, cotinine, tobacco-related cancer-causing agents, and volatile organic compounds, including benzene and acrolein, in the urine of users. Given the significant intake of...
Study Projects Nationwide Low-Dose CT Screening Will Identify More—and Earlier-Stage—Lung Cancers, but Comes With Substantial Medicare Costs
A new model projects 5-year outcomes of implementing the recent U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening in a high-risk Medicare population. The model estimates that gradual implementation of the screening...
Novel Targeted Drug May Provide a New Treatment Option for Patients With Recurrent Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
According to early results from a phase I study, a new targeted drug, PLX3397, appears remarkably active against a rare neoplastic joint disorder known as pigmented villonodular synovitis. The study evaluated patients whose disease had progressed despite all other available therapies. More than...
Cowden Syndrome With Germline PTEN Mutations Puts Patients at High Risk of Second Cancers
Cowden syndrome, an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by the development multiple hamartomas, is associated with increased risk of breast, thyroid, endometrial, and renal cancers in patients with underlying germline PTEN mutations. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology,...
Phase I Study Finds Novel Antibody Shows Promise in Children With Advanced Neuroblastoma
Researchers from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital conducted a phase I study of hu14.18K322A, an experimental monoclonal antibody genetically engineered at the hospital, in 38 children with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma. The patients received escalating doses of hu14.18K322A...
Lower Densities of Gastroenterologists, General Surgeons, and Radiation Oncologists in Rural vs Urban U.S. Counties
Geographic proximity to services has been identified as a potential barrier to cancer screening, and there is evidence of disparity in colorectal cancer outcomes between urban and rural U.S. residents. In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Aboagye et al identified a significantly greater density of...
Minority of Oncologists and Primary Care Physicians Fully Discuss Survivorship Care Plans With Cancer Survivors
Of 53 National Cancer Institute cancer centers, only 43% report implementing survivorship care plans for at least some of their cancer survivors. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Blanch-Hartigan et al found that a minority of a nationally representative sample of oncologists ...
Increased Incidence of Thyroid Cancer: An Epidemic of Diagnosis?
In a study reported in JAMA Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Davies and Gilbert found that the incidence of thyroid cancer has nearly tripled since 1975. However, the increase appears to represent an “epidemic of diagnosis” and to almost exclusively represent increased diagnosis...
Hyperfractionated Radiation Therapy Improves Local-Regional Control Without Increasing Late Toxicity in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy experienced improved local-regional control and, with patients censored at 5 years, improved overall survival with no increase in late toxicity, according to a study...
Doxepin Rinse Reduces Radiotherapy-Associated Oral Mucositis Pain in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
In a phase III double-blind crossover trial (North Central Cancer Treatment Group [NCCTG] N09C6, Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology cooperative group) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Leenstra et al found that oral doxepin hydrochloride rinse significantly reduced...
Study Shows Decreasing Numbers of Colorectal Cancer Resections and Improved In-Hospital Mortality in Older Patients
Nationwide data on mortality and morbidity from colorectal cancer resections in the aging population are lacking. In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Jafari et al found that there has been an overall decrease in numbers of resections and improved in-hospital mortality in older patients, although...
